refactor(expirymap): optimize performance and add StopCleaner method

Move tracking of the last SMART data fetch from individual System
instances to the SystemManager using a TTL-based ExpiryMap.

This ensures that the SMART_INTERVAL is respected even if an
agent connection is dropped and re-established, preventing
redundant data collection on every reconnect.

.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Node.js dependencies
+node_modules
+internalsite/node_modules
+
+# Go build artifacts and binaries
+build
+dist
+*.exe
+beszel-agent
+beszel_data*
+pb_data
+data
+temp
+
+# Development and IDE files
+.vscode
+.idea*
+*.swc
+__debug_*
+
+# Git and version control
+.git
+.gitignore
+
+# Documentation and supplemental files
+*.md
+supplemental
+freebsd-port
+
+# Test files (exclude from production builds)
+*_test.go
+coverage
+
+# Docker files
+dockerfile_*
+
+# Temporary files
+*.tmp
+*.bak
+*.log
+
+# OS specific files
+.DS_Store
+Thumbs.db
+
+# .NET build artifacts
+agent/lhm/obj
+agent/lhm/bin

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Everything needs to be reviewed by Hank
+*   @henrygd

.github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/ideas.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+body:
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: component
+    attributes:
+      label: Component
+      description: Which part of Beszel is this about?
+      options:
+        - Hub
+        - Agent
+        - Hub & Agent
+      default: 0
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    attributes:
+      label: Description
+      description: Please describe in detail what you want to share.
+    validations:
+      required: true

.github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/support.yml

@@ -1,19 +1,54 @@
 body:
-  - type: markdown
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: terms
     attributes:
-      value: |
+      label: Welcome!
-        ### Before opening a discussion:
+      description: |
+        Thank you for reaching out to the Beszel community for support! To help us assist you better, please make sure to review the following points before submitting your request:
 
-        - Check the [common issues guide](https://beszel.dev/guide/common-issues).
+        Please note:
-        - Search existing [issues](https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/issues) and [discussions](https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/discussions) (including closed).
+        - For translation-related issues or requests, please use the [Crowdin project](https://crowdin.com/project/beszel).
+        **- Please do not submit support reqeusts that are specific to ZFS. We plan to add integration with ZFS utilities in the near future.**
+
+      options:
+      - label: I have read the [Documentation](https://beszel.dev/guide/getting-started)
+        required: true
+      - label: I have checked the [Common Issues Guide](https://beszel.dev/guide/common-issues) and my problem was not mentioned there.
+        required: true
+      - label: I have searched open and closed issues and discussions and my problem was not mentioned before.
+        required: true
+      - label: I have verified I am using the latest version available. You can check the latest release [here](https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/releases).
+        required: true
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: component
+    attributes:
+      label: Component
+      description: Which part of Beszel is this about?
+      options:
+        - Hub
+        - Agent
+        - Hub & Agent
+    default: 0
+    validations:
+      required: true
 
   - type: textarea
     id: description
     attributes:
-      label: Description
+      label: Problem Description
-      description: A clear and concise description of the issue or question. If applicable, add screenshots to help explain your problem.
+      description: |
+        How to write a good bug report?
+
+        - Respect the issue template as much as possible.
+        - The title should be short and descriptive.
+        - Explain the conditions which led you to report this issue: the context.
+        - The context should lead to something, a problem that you’re facing.
+        - Remain clear and concise.
+        - Format your messages to help the reader focus on what matters and understand the structure of your message, use [Markdown syntax](https://help.github.com/articles/github-flavored-markdown)
     validations:
       required: true
+
   - type: input
     id: system
     attributes:
@@ -21,13 +56,15 @@ body:
       placeholder: linux/amd64 (agent), freebsd/arm64 (hub)
     validations:
       required: true
-  - type: input
+  
-    id: version
+#  - type: input
-    attributes:
+#    id: version
-      label: Beszel version
+#    attributes:
-      placeholder: 0.9.1
+#      label: Beszel version
-    validations:
+#      placeholder: 0.9.1
-      required: true
+#    validations:
+#      required: true
+
   - type: dropdown
     id: install-method
     attributes:
@@ -41,18 +78,21 @@ body:
         - Other (please describe above)
     validations:
       required: true
+  
   - type: textarea
     id: config
     attributes:
       label: Configuration
       description: Please provide any relevant service configuration
       render: yaml
+
   - type: textarea
     id: hub-logs
     attributes:
       label: Hub Logs
       description: Check the logs page in PocketBase (`/_/#/logs`) for relevant errors (copy JSON).
       render: json
+
   - type: textarea
     id: agent-logs
     attributes:

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml

@@ -1,8 +1,30 @@
 name: 🐛 Bug report
-description: Report a new bug or issue.
+description: Use this template to report a bug or issue.
 title: '[Bug]: '
-labels: ['bug', "needs confirmation"]
+labels: ['bug']
 body:
+  - type: checkboxes
+    attributes:
+      label: Welcome!
+      description: |
+        The issue tracker is for reporting bugs and feature requests only. For end-user related support questions, please use the **[GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/discussions/new?category=support)** instead
+
+        Please note:
+        - For translation-related issues or requests, please use the [Crowdin project](https://crowdin.com/project/beszel).
+        - To request a change or feature, use the [feature request form](https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/issues/new?template=feature_request.yml).
+        - Any issues that can be resolved by consulting the documentation or by reviewing existing open or closed issues will be closed.
+        **- Please do not submit bugs that are specific to ZFS. We plan to add integration with ZFS utilities in the near future.**
+
+      options:
+      - label: I have read the [Documentation](https://beszel.dev/guide/getting-started)
+        required: true
+      - label: I have checked the [Common Issues Guide](https://beszel.dev/guide/common-issues) and my problem was not mentioned there.
+        required: true
+      - label: I have searched open and closed issues and my problem was not mentioned before.
+        required: true
+      - label: I have verified I am using the latest version available. You can check the latest release [here](https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/releases).
+        required: true
+
   - type: dropdown
     id: component
     attributes:
@@ -12,81 +34,53 @@ body:
         - Hub
         - Agent
         - Hub & Agent
+      default: 0
     validations:
       required: true
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        ### Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report!
 
-        - For more general support, please [start a support thread](https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/discussions/new?category=support).
-        - To request a change or feature, use the [feature request form](https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/issues/new?template=feature_request.yml).
-        - Please do not submit bugs that are specific to ZFS. We plan to add integration with ZFS utilities in the near future.
-
-        ### Before submitting a bug report:
-
-        - Check the [common issues guide](https://beszel.dev/guide/common-issues).
-        - Search existing [issues](https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/issues) and [discussions](https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/discussions) (including closed).
   - type: textarea
     id: description
     attributes:
-      label: Description
+      label: Problem Description
-      description: Explain the issue you experienced clearly and concisely.
+      description: |
-      placeholder: I went to the coffee pot and it was empty.
+        How to write a good bug report?
+
+        - Respect the issue template as much as possible.
+        - The title should be short and descriptive.
+        - Explain the conditions which led you to report this issue: the context.
+        - The context should lead to something, a problem that you’re facing.
+        - Remain clear and concise.
+        - Format your messages to help the reader focus on what matters and understand the structure of your message, use [Markdown syntax](https://help.github.com/articles/github-flavored-markdown)
     validations:
       required: true
+
   - type: textarea
     id: expected-behavior
     attributes:
       label: Expected Behavior
-      description: In a perfect world, what should have happened?
+      description: |
+        In a perfect world, what should have happened?
+        **Important:** Be specific. Vague descriptions like "it should work" are not helpful.
       placeholder: When I got to the coffee pot, it should have been full.
     validations:
       required: true
+
   - type: textarea
     id: steps-to-reproduce
     attributes:
       label: Steps to Reproduce
-      description: Describe how to reproduce the issue in repeatable steps.
+      description: |
+        Provide detailed, numbered steps that someone else can follow to reproduce the issue.
+        **Important:** Vague descriptions like "it doesn't work" or "it's broken" will result in the issue being closed.
+        Include specific actions, URLs, button clicks, and any relevant data or configuration.
       placeholder: |
         1. Go to the coffee pot.
         2. Make more coffee.
         3. Pour it into a cup.
+        4. Observe that the cup is empty instead of full.
     validations:
       required: true
-  - type: dropdown
+
-    id: category
-    attributes:
-      label: Category
-      description: Which category does this relate to most?
-      options:
-        - Metrics
-        - Charts & Visualization
-        - Settings & Configuration
-        - Notifications & Alerts
-        - Authentication
-        - Installation
-        - Performance
-        - UI / UX
-        - Other
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: metrics
-    attributes:
-      label: Affected Metrics
-      description: If applicable, which specific metric does this relate to most?
-      options:
-        - CPU
-        - Memory
-        - Storage
-        - Network
-        - Containers
-        - GPU
-        - Sensors
-        - Other
-    validations:
-      required: true
   - type: input
     id: system
     attributes:
@@ -94,6 +88,7 @@ body:
       placeholder: linux/amd64 (agent), freebsd/arm64 (hub)
     validations:
       required: true
+  
   - type: input
     id: version
     attributes:
@@ -101,6 +96,7 @@ body:
       placeholder: 0.9.1
     validations:
       required: true
+  
   - type: dropdown
     id: install-method
     attributes:
@@ -114,18 +110,21 @@ body:
         - Other (please describe above)
     validations:
       required: true
+  
   - type: textarea
     id: config
     attributes:
       label: Configuration
       description: Please provide any relevant service configuration
       render: yaml
+  
   - type: textarea
     id: hub-logs
     attributes:
       label: Hub Logs
       description: Check the logs page in PocketBase (`/_/#/logs`) for relevant errors (copy JSON).
       render: json
+  
   - type: textarea
     id: agent-logs
     attributes:

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 blank_issues_enabled: false
 contact_links:
+  - name: 🗣️ Translations
+    url: https://crowdin.com/project/beszel
+    about: Please report translation issues and request new translations here. 
   - name: 💬 Support and questions
     url: https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/discussions
     about: Ask and answer questions here.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml

@@ -1,8 +1,25 @@
 name: 🚀 Feature request
 description: Request a new feature or change.
 title: "[Feature]: "
-labels: ["enhancement", "needs review"]
+labels: ["enhancement"]
 body:
+  - type: checkboxes
+    attributes:
+      label: Welcome!
+      description: |
+        The issue tracker is for reporting bugs and feature requests only. For end-user related support questions, please use the **[GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/discussions)** instead
+
+        Please note:
+        - For **Bug reports**, use the [Bug Form](https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/issues/new?template=bug_report.yml).
+        - Any requests for new translations should be requested within the [crowdin project](https://crowdin.com/project/beszel).
+        - Create one issue per feature request. This helps us keep track of requests and prioritize them accordingly.
+
+      options:
+      - label: I have searched open and closed feature requests to make sure this or similar feature request does not already exist.
+        required: true
+      - label: This is a feature request, not a bug report or support question.
+        required: true
+
   - type: dropdown
     id: component
     attributes:
@@ -12,65 +29,29 @@ body:
         - Hub
         - Agent
         - Hub & Agent
+      default: 0
     validations:
       required: true
-  - type: markdown
+
-    attributes:
-      value: Before submitting, please search existing [issues](https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/issues) and [discussions](https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/discussions) (including closed).
   - type: textarea
+    id: description
     attributes:
-      label: Describe the feature you would like to see
+      label: Description
+      description: |
+        Describe the solution or feature you'd like. Explain what problem this solves or what value it adds.
+        **Important:** Be specific and detailed. Vague requests like "make it better" will be closed.
+      placeholder: |
+        Example:
+        - What is the feature?
+        - What problem does it solve?
+        - How should it work?
     validations:
       required: true
+
   - type: textarea
     id: motivation
     attributes:
       label: Motivation / Use Case
       description: Why do you want this feature? What problem does it solve?
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Describe how you would like to see this feature implemented
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: logs
-    attributes:
-      label: Screenshots
-      description: Please attach any relevant screenshots, such as images from your current solution or similar implementations.
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: category
-    attributes:
-      label: Category
-      description: Which category does this relate to most?
-      options:
-        - Metrics
-        - Charts & Visualization
-        - Settings & Configuration
-        - Notifications & Alerts
-        - Authentication
-        - Installation
-        - Performance
-        - UI / UX
-        - Other
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: metrics
-    attributes:
-      label: Affected Metrics
-      description: If applicable, which specific metric does this relate to most?
-      options:
-        - CPU
-        - Memory
-        - Storage
-        - Network
-        - Containers
-        - GPU
-        - Sensors
-        - Other
     validations:
       required: true

.github/workflows/docker-images.yml

@@ -10,51 +10,141 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: 5
       matrix:
         include:
+          # henrygd/beszel
           - image: henrygd/beszel
-            context: ./beszel
+            dockerfile: ./internal/dockerfile_hub
-            dockerfile: ./beszel/dockerfile_hub
             registry: docker.io
             username_secret: DOCKERHUB_USERNAME
             password_secret: DOCKERHUB_TOKEN
-
+            tags: |
+              type=raw,value=edge
+              type=semver,pattern={{version}}
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}
+              type=raw,value={{sha}},enable=${{ github.ref_type != 'tag' }}
+            
+          # henrygd/beszel-agent:alpine
           - image: henrygd/beszel-agent
-            context: ./beszel
+            dockerfile: ./internal/dockerfile_agent_alpine
-            dockerfile: ./beszel/dockerfile_agent
             registry: docker.io
             username_secret: DOCKERHUB_USERNAME
             password_secret: DOCKERHUB_TOKEN
+            tags: |
+              type=raw,value=alpine
+              type=semver,pattern={{version}}-alpine
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}-alpine
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}-alpine
 
+          # henrygd/beszel-agent-nvidia
           - image: henrygd/beszel-agent-nvidia
-            context: ./beszel
+            dockerfile: ./internal/dockerfile_agent_nvidia
-            dockerfile: ./beszel/dockerfile_agent_nvidia
             platforms: linux/amd64
             registry: docker.io
             username_secret: DOCKERHUB_USERNAME
             password_secret: DOCKERHUB_TOKEN
+            tags: |
+              type=raw,value=edge
+              type=semver,pattern={{version}}
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}
+              type=raw,value={{sha}},enable=${{ github.ref_type != 'tag' }}
 
+          # henrygd/beszel-agent-intel
+          - image: henrygd/beszel-agent-intel
+            dockerfile: ./internal/dockerfile_agent_intel
+            platforms: linux/amd64
+            registry: docker.io
+            username_secret: DOCKERHUB_USERNAME
+            password_secret: DOCKERHUB_TOKEN
+            tags: |
+              type=raw,value=edge
+              type=semver,pattern={{version}}
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}
+              type=raw,value={{sha}},enable=${{ github.ref_type != 'tag' }}
+
+          # ghcr.io/henrygd/beszel
           - image: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/beszel
-            context: ./beszel
+            dockerfile: ./internal/dockerfile_hub
-            dockerfile: ./beszel/dockerfile_hub
             registry: ghcr.io
             username: ${{ github.actor }}
             password_secret: GITHUB_TOKEN
+            tags: |
+              type=raw,value=edge
+              type=semver,pattern={{version}}
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}
+              type=raw,value={{sha}},enable=${{ github.ref_type != 'tag' }}
 
+          # ghcr.io/henrygd/beszel-agent
           - image: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/beszel-agent
-            context: ./beszel
+            dockerfile: ./internal/dockerfile_agent
-            dockerfile: ./beszel/dockerfile_agent
             registry: ghcr.io
             username: ${{ github.actor }}
             password_secret: GITHUB_TOKEN
+            tags: |
+              type=raw,value=edge
+              type=raw,value=latest
+              type=semver,pattern={{version}}
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}
+              type=raw,value={{sha}},enable=${{ github.ref_type != 'tag' }}
 
+          # ghcr.io/henrygd/beszel-agent-nvidia
           - image: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/beszel-agent-nvidia
-            context: ./beszel
+            dockerfile: ./internal/dockerfile_agent_nvidia
-            dockerfile: ./beszel/dockerfile_agent_nvidia
             platforms: linux/amd64
             registry: ghcr.io
             username: ${{ github.actor }}
             password_secret: GITHUB_TOKEN
+            tags: |
+              type=raw,value=edge
+              type=semver,pattern={{version}}
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}
+              type=raw,value={{sha}},enable=${{ github.ref_type != 'tag' }}
+
+          # ghcr.io/henrygd/beszel-agent-intel
+          - image: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/beszel-agent-intel
+            dockerfile: ./internal/dockerfile_agent_intel
+            platforms: linux/amd64
+            registry: ghcr.io
+            username: ${{ github.actor }}
+            password_secret: GITHUB_TOKEN
+            tags: |
+              type=raw,value=edge
+              type=semver,pattern={{version}}
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}
+              type=raw,value={{sha}},enable=${{ github.ref_type != 'tag' }}
+
+          # ghcr.io/henrygd/beszel-agent:alpine
+          - image: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/beszel-agent
+            dockerfile: ./internal/dockerfile_agent_alpine
+            registry: ghcr.io
+            username: ${{ github.actor }}
+            password_secret: GITHUB_TOKEN
+            tags: |
+              type=raw,value=alpine
+              type=semver,pattern={{version}}-alpine
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}-alpine
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}-alpine
+
+          # henrygd/beszel-agent (keep at bottom so it gets built after :alpine and gets the latest tag)
+          - image: henrygd/beszel-agent
+            dockerfile: ./internal/dockerfile_agent
+            registry: docker.io
+            username_secret: DOCKERHUB_USERNAME
+            password_secret: DOCKERHUB_TOKEN
+            tags: |
+              type=raw,value=edge
+              type=semver,pattern={{version}}
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}
+              type=semver,pattern={{major}}
+              type=raw,value={{sha}},enable=${{ github.ref_type != 'tag' }}
 
     permissions:
       contents: read
@@ -68,10 +158,10 @@ jobs:
         uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
 
       - name: Install dependencies
-        run: bun install --no-save --cwd ./beszel/site
+        run: bun install --no-save --cwd ./internal/site
 
       - name: Build site
-        run: bun run --cwd ./beszel/site build
+        run: bun run --cwd ./internal/site build
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
@@ -84,17 +174,12 @@ jobs:
         uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
         with:
           images: ${{ matrix.image }}
-          tags: |
+          tags: ${{ matrix.tags }}
-            type=raw,value=edge
-            type=semver,pattern={{version}}
-            type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}
-            type=semver,pattern={{major}}
-            type=raw,value={{sha}},enable=${{ github.ref_type != 'tag' }}
 
       # https://github.com/docker/login-action
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        env: 
+        env:
-            password_secret_exists: ${{ secrets[matrix.password_secret] != '' && 'true' || 'false' }}
+          password_secret_exists: ${{ secrets[matrix.password_secret] != '' && 'true' || 'false' }}
         if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' && env.password_secret_exists == 'true'
         uses: docker/login-action@v3
         with:
@@ -107,7 +192,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build and push Docker image
         uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
         with:
-          context: "${{ matrix.context }}"
+          context: ./
           file: ${{ matrix.dockerfile }}
           platforms: ${{ matrix.platforms || 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7' }}
           push: ${{ github.ref_type == 'tag' && secrets[matrix.password_secret] != '' }}

.github/workflows/inactivity-actions.yml

@@ -6,16 +6,30 @@ on:
   workflow_dispatch:
 
 permissions:
+  actions: write
   issues: write
   pull-requests: write
 
 jobs:
+  lock-inactive:
+    name: Lock Inactive Issues
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - uses: klaasnicolaas/action-inactivity-lock@v1.1.3
+        id: lock
+        with:
+          days-inactive-issues: 14
+          lock-reason-issues: ""
+          # Action can not skip PRs, set it to 100 years to cover it.
+          days-inactive-prs: 36524
+          lock-reason-prs: ""
+
   close-stale:
     name: Close Stale Issues
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - name: Close Stale Issues
-        uses: actions/stale@v9
+        uses: actions/stale@v10
         with:
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
@@ -32,12 +46,19 @@ jobs:
           # Timing
           days-before-issue-stale: 14
           days-before-issue-close: 7
+          # Action can not skip PRs, set it to 100 years to cover it.
+          days-before-pr-stale: 36524
+
+          # Max issues to process before early exit. Next run resumes from cache. GH API limit: 5000.
+          operations-per-run: 1500
 
           # Labels
           stale-issue-label: 'stale'
           remove-stale-when-updated: true
-          only-issue-labels: 'awaiting-requester'
+          any-of-labels: 'awaiting-requester'
+          exempt-issue-labels: 'enhancement' 
 
           # Exemptions
           exempt-assignees: true
-          exempt-milestones: true
+
+          exempt-milestones: true

.github/workflows/label-from-dropdown.yml

@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-name: Label issues from dropdowns
-
-on:
-  issues:
-    types: [opened]
-
-jobs:
-  label_from_dropdown:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      issues: write
-    steps:
-      - name: Apply labels based on dropdown choices
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7
-        with:
-          script: |
-
-            const issueNumber = context.issue.number;
-            const owner = context.repo.owner;
-            const repo = context.repo.repo;
-
-            // Get the issue body
-            const body = context.payload.issue.body;
-
-            // Helper to find dropdown value in the body (assuming markdown format)
-            function extractSectionValue(heading) {
-              const regex = new RegExp(`### ${heading}\\s+([\\s\\S]*?)(?:\\n###|$)`, 'i');
-              const match = body.match(regex);
-              if (match) {
-                // Get the first non-empty line after the heading
-                const lines = match[1].split('\n').map(l => l.trim()).filter(Boolean);
-                return lines[0] || null;
-              }
-              return null;
-            }
-
-            // Extract dropdown selections
-            const category = extractSectionValue('Category');
-            const metrics = extractSectionValue('Affected Metrics');
-            const component = extractSectionValue('Component');
-
-            // Build labels to add
-            let labelsToAdd = [];
-            if (category) labelsToAdd.push(category);
-            if (metrics) labelsToAdd.push(metrics);
-            if (component) labelsToAdd.push(component);
-
-            // Get existing labels in the repo
-            const { data: existingLabels } = await github.rest.issues.listLabelsForRepo({
-              owner,
-              repo,
-              per_page: 100
-            });
-            const existingLabelNames = existingLabels.map(l => l.name);
-
-            // Find labels that need to be created
-            const labelsToCreate = labelsToAdd.filter(label => !existingLabelNames.includes(label));
-
-            // Create missing labels (with a default color)
-            for (const label of labelsToCreate) {
-              try {
-                await github.rest.issues.createLabel({
-                  owner,
-                  repo,
-                  name: label,
-                  color: 'ededed' // light gray, you can pick any hex color
-                });
-              } catch (e) {
-                // Ignore if label already exists (race condition), otherwise rethrow
-                if (!e || e.status !== 422) throw e;
-              }
-            }
-
-            // Now apply all labels (they all exist now)
-            if (labelsToAdd.length > 0) {
-              await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
-                owner,
-                repo,
-                issue_number: issueNumber,
-                labels: labelsToAdd
-              });
-            } 

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ jobs:
         uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
 
       - name: Install dependencies
-        run: bun install --no-save --cwd ./beszel/site
+        run: bun install --no-save --cwd ./internal/site
 
       - name: Build site
-        run: bun run --cwd ./beszel/site build
+        run: bun run --cwd ./internal/site build
 
       - name: Set up Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Build .NET LHM executable for Windows sensors
         run: |
-          dotnet build -c Release ./beszel/internal/agent/lhm/beszel_lhm.csproj
+          dotnet build -c Release ./agent/lhm/beszel_lhm.csproj
         shell: bash
 
       - name: GoReleaser beszel
         uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v6
         with:
-          workdir: ./beszel
+          workdir: ./
           distribution: goreleaser
           version: latest
           args: release --clean

.github/workflows/vulncheck.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ permissions:
 
 jobs:
   vulncheck:
-    name: Analysis
+    name: VulnCheck
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Check out code into the Go module directory
@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: 1.24.x
+          go-version: 1.25.x
-          cached: false
+          # cached: false
       - name: Get official govulncheck
         run: go install golang.org/x/vuln/cmd/govulncheck@latest
         shell: bash
       - name: Run govulncheck
-        run: govulncheck -C ./beszel -show verbose ./...
+        run: govulncheck -show verbose ./...
         shell: bash

.gitignore

@@ -8,15 +8,16 @@ beszel_data
 beszel_data*
 dist
 *.exe
-beszel/cmd/hub/hub
+internal/cmd/hub/hub
-beszel/cmd/agent/agent
+internal/cmd/agent/agent
+agent.test
 node_modules
-beszel/build
+build
 *timestamp*
 .swc
-beszel/site/src/locales/**/*.ts
+internal/site/src/locales/**/*.ts
 *.bak
 __debug_*
-beszel/internal/agent/lhm/obj
+agent/lhm/obj
-beszel/internal/agent/lhm/bin
+agent/lhm/bin
 dockerfile_agent_dev

.goreleaser.yml

@@ -5,24 +5,36 @@ project_name: beszel
 before:
   hooks:
     - go mod tidy
+    - go generate -run fetchsmartctl ./agent
 
 builds:
   - id: beszel
     binary: beszel
-    main: cmd/hub/hub.go
+    main: internal/cmd/hub/hub.go
     env:
       - CGO_ENABLED=0
     goos:
       - linux
       - darwin
+      - windows
+      - freebsd
     goarch:
       - amd64
       - arm64
       - arm
+    ignore:
+      - goos: windows
+        goarch: arm64
+      - goos: windows
+        goarch: arm
+      - goos: freebsd
+        goarch: arm64
+      - goos: freebsd
+        goarch: arm
 
   - id: beszel-agent
     binary: beszel-agent
-    main: cmd/agent/agent.go
+    main: internal/cmd/agent/agent.go
     env:
       - CGO_ENABLED=0
     goos:
@@ -64,6 +76,18 @@ builds:
       - goos: windows
         goarch: riscv64
 
+  - id: beszel-agent-linux-amd64-glibc
+    binary: beszel-agent
+    main: internal/cmd/agent/agent.go
+    env:
+      - CGO_ENABLED=0
+    flags:
+      - -tags=glibc
+    goos:
+      - linux
+    goarch:
+      - amd64
+
 archives:
   - id: beszel-agent
     formats: [tar.gz]
@@ -77,6 +101,15 @@ archives:
       - goos: windows
         formats: [zip]
 
+  - id: beszel-agent-linux-amd64-glibc
+    formats: [tar.gz]
+    ids:
+      - beszel-agent-linux-amd64-glibc
+    name_template: >-
+      {{ .Binary }}_
+      {{- .Os }}_
+      {{- .Arch }}_glibc
+
   - id: beszel
     formats: [tar.gz]
     ids:
@@ -85,6 +118,9 @@ archives:
       {{ .Binary }}_
       {{- .Os }}_
       {{- .Arch }}
+    format_overrides:
+      - goos: windows
+        formats: [zip]
 
 nfpms:
   - id: beszel-agent
@@ -103,28 +139,26 @@ nfpms:
     formats:
       - deb
     contents:
-      - src: ../supplemental/debian/beszel-agent.service
+      - src: ./supplemental/debian/beszel-agent.service
         dst: lib/systemd/system/beszel-agent.service
         packager: deb
-      - src: ../supplemental/debian/copyright
+      - src: ./supplemental/debian/copyright
         dst: usr/share/doc/beszel-agent/copyright
         packager: deb
-      - src: ../supplemental/debian/lintian-overrides
+      - src: ./supplemental/debian/lintian-overrides
         dst: usr/share/lintian/overrides/beszel-agent
         packager: deb
     scripts:
-      postinstall: ../supplemental/debian/postinstall.sh
+      postinstall: ./supplemental/debian/postinstall.sh
-      preremove: ../supplemental/debian/prerm.sh
+      preremove: ./supplemental/debian/prerm.sh
-      postremove: ../supplemental/debian/postrm.sh
+      postremove: ./supplemental/debian/postrm.sh
     deb:
       predepends:
         - adduser
         - debconf
       scripts:
-        templates: ../supplemental/debian/templates
+        templates: ./supplemental/debian/templates
-        # Currently broken due to a bug in goreleaser
+        config: ./supplemental/debian/config.sh
-        # https://github.com/goreleaser/goreleaser/issues/5487
-        #config: ../supplemental/debian/config.sh
 
 scoops:
   - ids: [beszel-agent]
@@ -135,7 +169,7 @@ scoops:
     homepage: "https://beszel.dev"
     description: "Agent for Beszel, a lightweight server monitoring platform."
     license: MIT
-    skip_upload: "{{ if .Env.IS_FORK }}true{{ else }}auto{{ end }}"
+    skip_upload: '{{ if eq (tolower .Env.IS_FORK) "true" }}true{{ else }}auto{{ end }}'
 
 # # Needs choco installed, so doesn't build on linux / default gh workflow :(
 # chocolateys:
@@ -169,7 +203,7 @@ brews:
     homepage: "https://beszel.dev"
     description: "Agent for Beszel, a lightweight server monitoring platform."
     license: MIT
-    skip_upload: "{{ if .Env.IS_FORK }}true{{ else }}auto{{ end }}"
+    skip_upload: '{{ if eq (tolower .Env.IS_FORK) "true" }}true{{ else }}auto{{ end }}'
     extra_install: |
       (bin/"beszel-agent-launcher").write <<~EOS
         #!/bin/bash
@@ -201,7 +235,7 @@ winget:
     release_notes_url: "https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/releases/tag/v{{ .Version }}"
     publisher_support_url: "https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/issues"
     short_description: "Agent for Beszel, a lightweight server monitoring platform."
-    skip_upload: "{{ if .Env.IS_FORK }}true{{ else }}auto{{ end }}"
+    skip_upload: '{{ if eq (tolower .Env.IS_FORK) "true" }}true{{ else }}auto{{ end }}'
     description: |
       Beszel is a lightweight server monitoring platform that includes Docker
       statistics, historical data, and alert functions. It has a friendly web

Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+# Default OS/ARCH values
+OS ?= $(shell go env GOOS)
+ARCH ?= $(shell go env GOARCH)
+# Skip building the web UI if true
+SKIP_WEB ?= false
+# Controls NVML/glibc agent build tag behavior:
+# - auto (default): enable on linux/amd64 glibc hosts
+# - true: always enable
+# - false: always disable
+NVML ?= auto
+
+# Detect glibc host for local linux/amd64 builds.
+HOST_GLIBC := $(shell \
+	if [ "$(OS)" = "linux" ] && [ "$(ARCH)" = "amd64" ]; then \
+		for p in /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2; do \
+			[ -e "$$p" ] && { echo true; exit 0; }; \
+		done; \
+		if command -v ldd >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+			if ldd --version 2>&1 | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | awk '/gnu libc|glibc/{found=1} END{exit !found}'; then \
+				echo true; \
+			else \
+				echo false; \
+			fi; \
+		else \
+			echo false; \
+		fi; \
+	else \
+		echo false; \
+	fi)
+
+# Enable glibc build tag for NVML on supported Linux builds.
+AGENT_GO_TAGS :=
+ifeq ($(NVML),true)
+AGENT_GO_TAGS := -tags glibc
+else ifeq ($(NVML),auto)
+ifeq ($(HOST_GLIBC),true)
+AGENT_GO_TAGS := -tags glibc
+endif
+endif
+
+# Set executable extension based on target OS
+EXE_EXT := $(if $(filter windows,$(OS)),.exe,)
+
+.PHONY: tidy build-agent build-hub build-hub-dev build clean lint dev-server dev-agent dev-hub dev generate-locales fetch-smartctl-conditional
+.DEFAULT_GOAL := build
+
+clean:
+	go clean
+	rm -rf ./build
+
+lint:
+	golangci-lint run
+
+test:
+	go test -tags=testing ./...
+
+tidy:
+	go mod tidy
+
+build-web-ui:
+	@if command -v bun >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+		bun install --cwd ./internal/site && \
+		bun run --cwd ./internal/site build; \
+	else \
+		npm install --prefix ./internal/site && \
+		npm run --prefix ./internal/site build; \
+	fi
+
+# Conditional .NET build - only for Windows
+build-dotnet-conditional:
+	@if [ "$(OS)" = "windows" ]; then \
+		echo "Building .NET executable for Windows..."; \
+		if command -v dotnet >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+			rm -rf ./agent/lhm/bin; \
+			dotnet build -c Release ./agent/lhm/beszel_lhm.csproj; \
+		else \
+			echo "Error: dotnet not found. Install .NET SDK to build Windows agent."; \
+			exit 1; \
+		fi; \
+	fi
+
+# Download smartctl.exe at build time for Windows (skips if already present)
+fetch-smartctl-conditional:
+	@if [ "$(OS)" = "windows" ]; then \
+		go generate -run fetchsmartctl ./agent; \
+	fi
+
+# Update build-agent to include conditional .NET build
+build-agent: tidy build-dotnet-conditional fetch-smartctl-conditional
+	GOOS=$(OS) GOARCH=$(ARCH) go build $(AGENT_GO_TAGS) -o ./build/beszel-agent_$(OS)_$(ARCH)$(EXE_EXT) -ldflags "-w -s" ./internal/cmd/agent
+
+build-hub: tidy $(if $(filter false,$(SKIP_WEB)),build-web-ui)
+	GOOS=$(OS) GOARCH=$(ARCH) go build -o ./build/beszel_$(OS)_$(ARCH)$(EXE_EXT) -ldflags "-w -s" ./internal/cmd/hub
+
+build-hub-dev: tidy
+	mkdir -p ./internal/site/dist && touch ./internal/site/dist/index.html
+	GOOS=$(OS) GOARCH=$(ARCH) go build -tags development -o ./build/beszel-dev_$(OS)_$(ARCH)$(EXE_EXT) -ldflags "-w -s" ./internal/cmd/hub
+
+build: build-agent build-hub
+
+generate-locales:
+	@if [ ! -f ./internal/site/src/locales/en/en.ts ]; then \
+		echo "Generating locales..."; \
+		command -v bun >/dev/null 2>&1 && cd ./internal/site && bun install && bun run sync || cd ./internal/site && npm install && npm run sync; \
+	fi
+
+dev-server: generate-locales
+	cd ./internal/site
+	@if command -v bun >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+		cd ./internal/site && bun run dev --host 0.0.0.0; \
+	else \
+		cd ./internal/site && npm run dev --host 0.0.0.0; \
+	fi
+
+dev-hub: export ENV=dev
+dev-hub:
+	mkdir -p ./internal/site/dist && touch ./internal/site/dist/index.html
+	@if command -v entr >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+		find ./internal -type f -name '*.go' | entr -r -s "cd ./internal/cmd/hub && go run -tags development . serve --http 0.0.0.0:8090"; \
+	else \
+		cd ./internal/cmd/hub && go run -tags development . serve --http 0.0.0.0:8090; \
+	fi
+
+dev-agent:
+	@if command -v entr >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+		find ./internal/cmd/agent/*.go ./agent/*.go | entr -r go run $(AGENT_GO_TAGS) github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/cmd/agent; \
+	else \
+		go run $(AGENT_GO_TAGS) github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/cmd/agent; \
+	fi
+	
+build-dotnet:
+	@if command -v dotnet >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+		rm -rf ./agent/lhm/bin; \
+		dotnet build -c Release ./agent/lhm/beszel_lhm.csproj; \
+	else \
+		echo "dotnet not found"; \
+	fi
+
+
+# KEY="..." make -j dev
+dev: dev-server dev-hub dev-agent

agent/agent.go

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+// Package agent implements the Beszel monitoring agent that collects and serves system metrics.
+//
+// The agent runs on monitored systems and communicates collected data
+// to the Beszel hub for centralized monitoring and alerting.
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"log/slog"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gliderlabs/ssh"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/deltatracker"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/utils"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/common"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+	gossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+)
+
+type Agent struct {
+	sync.Mutex                                                                      // Used to lock agent while collecting data
+	debug                     bool                                                  // true if LOG_LEVEL is set to debug
+	zfs                       bool                                                  // true if system has arcstats
+	memCalc                   string                                                // Memory calculation formula
+	fsNames                   []string                                              // List of filesystem device names being monitored
+	fsStats                   map[string]*system.FsStats                            // Keeps track of disk stats for each filesystem
+	diskPrev                  map[uint16]map[string]prevDisk                        // Previous disk I/O counters per cache interval
+	diskUsageCacheDuration    time.Duration                                         // How long to cache disk usage (to avoid waking sleeping disks)
+	lastDiskUsageUpdate       time.Time                                             // Last time disk usage was collected
+	netInterfaces             map[string]struct{}                                   // Stores all valid network interfaces
+	netIoStats                map[uint16]system.NetIoStats                          // Keeps track of bandwidth usage per cache interval
+	netInterfaceDeltaTrackers map[uint16]*deltatracker.DeltaTracker[string, uint64] // Per-cache-time NIC delta trackers
+	dockerManager             *dockerManager                                        // Manages Docker API requests
+	sensorConfig              *SensorConfig                                         // Sensors config
+	systemInfo                system.Info                                           // Host system info (dynamic)
+	systemDetails             system.Details                                        // Host system details (static, once-per-connection)
+	gpuManager                *GPUManager                                           // Manages GPU data
+	cache                     *systemDataCache                                      // Cache for system stats based on cache time
+	connectionManager         *ConnectionManager                                    // Channel to signal connection events
+	handlerRegistry           *HandlerRegistry                                      // Registry for routing incoming messages
+	server                    *ssh.Server                                           // SSH server
+	dataDir                   string                                                // Directory for persisting data
+	keys                      []gossh.PublicKey                                     // SSH public keys
+	smartManager              *SmartManager                                         // Manages SMART data
+	systemdManager            *systemdManager                                       // Manages systemd services
+}
+
+// NewAgent creates a new agent with the given data directory for persisting data.
+// If the data directory is not set, it will attempt to find the optimal directory.
+func NewAgent(dataDir ...string) (agent *Agent, err error) {
+	agent = &Agent{
+		fsStats: make(map[string]*system.FsStats),
+		cache:   NewSystemDataCache(),
+	}
+
+	// Initialize disk I/O previous counters storage
+	agent.diskPrev = make(map[uint16]map[string]prevDisk)
+	// Initialize per-cache-time network tracking structures
+	agent.netIoStats = make(map[uint16]system.NetIoStats)
+	agent.netInterfaceDeltaTrackers = make(map[uint16]*deltatracker.DeltaTracker[string, uint64])
+
+	agent.dataDir, err = GetDataDir(dataDir...)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Warn("Data directory not found")
+	} else {
+		slog.Info("Data directory", "path", agent.dataDir)
+	}
+
+	agent.memCalc, _ = utils.GetEnv("MEM_CALC")
+	agent.sensorConfig = agent.newSensorConfig()
+
+	// Parse disk usage cache duration (e.g., "15m", "1h") to avoid waking sleeping disks
+	if diskUsageCache, exists := utils.GetEnv("DISK_USAGE_CACHE"); exists {
+		if duration, err := time.ParseDuration(diskUsageCache); err == nil {
+			agent.diskUsageCacheDuration = duration
+			slog.Info("DISK_USAGE_CACHE", "duration", duration)
+		} else {
+			slog.Warn("Invalid DISK_USAGE_CACHE", "err", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Set up slog with a log level determined by the LOG_LEVEL env var
+	if logLevelStr, exists := utils.GetEnv("LOG_LEVEL"); exists {
+		switch strings.ToLower(logLevelStr) {
+		case "debug":
+			agent.debug = true
+			slog.SetLogLoggerLevel(slog.LevelDebug)
+		case "warn":
+			slog.SetLogLoggerLevel(slog.LevelWarn)
+		case "error":
+			slog.SetLogLoggerLevel(slog.LevelError)
+		}
+	}
+
+	slog.Debug(beszel.Version)
+
+	// initialize docker manager
+	agent.dockerManager = newDockerManager()
+
+	// initialize system info
+	agent.refreshSystemDetails()
+
+	// SMART_INTERVAL env var to update smart data at this interval
+	if smartIntervalEnv, exists := utils.GetEnv("SMART_INTERVAL"); exists {
+		if duration, err := time.ParseDuration(smartIntervalEnv); err == nil && duration > 0 {
+			agent.systemDetails.SmartInterval = duration
+			slog.Info("SMART_INTERVAL", "duration", duration)
+		} else {
+			slog.Warn("Invalid SMART_INTERVAL", "err", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// initialize connection manager
+	agent.connectionManager = newConnectionManager(agent)
+
+	// initialize handler registry
+	agent.handlerRegistry = NewHandlerRegistry()
+
+	// initialize disk info
+	agent.initializeDiskInfo()
+
+	// initialize net io stats
+	agent.initializeNetIoStats()
+
+	agent.systemdManager, err = newSystemdManager()
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Debug("Systemd", "err", err)
+	}
+
+	agent.smartManager, err = NewSmartManager()
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Debug("SMART", "err", err)
+	}
+
+	// initialize GPU manager
+	agent.gpuManager, err = NewGPUManager()
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Debug("GPU", "err", err)
+	}
+
+	// if debugging, print stats
+	if agent.debug {
+		slog.Debug("Stats", "data", agent.gatherStats(common.DataRequestOptions{CacheTimeMs: 60_000, IncludeDetails: true}))
+	}
+
+	return agent, nil
+}
+
+func (a *Agent) gatherStats(options common.DataRequestOptions) *system.CombinedData {
+	a.Lock()
+	defer a.Unlock()
+
+	cacheTimeMs := options.CacheTimeMs
+	data, isCached := a.cache.Get(cacheTimeMs)
+	if isCached {
+		slog.Debug("Cached data", "cacheTimeMs", cacheTimeMs)
+		return data
+	}
+
+	*data = system.CombinedData{
+		Stats: a.getSystemStats(cacheTimeMs),
+		Info:  a.systemInfo,
+	}
+
+	// Include static system details only when requested
+	if options.IncludeDetails {
+		data.Details = &a.systemDetails
+	}
+
+	// slog.Info("System data", "data", data, "cacheTimeMs", cacheTimeMs)
+
+	if a.dockerManager != nil {
+		if containerStats, err := a.dockerManager.getDockerStats(cacheTimeMs); err == nil {
+			data.Containers = containerStats
+			slog.Debug("Containers", "data", data.Containers)
+		} else {
+			slog.Debug("Containers", "err", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// skip updating systemd services if cache time is not the default 60sec interval
+	if a.systemdManager != nil && cacheTimeMs == 60_000 {
+		totalCount := uint16(a.systemdManager.getServiceStatsCount())
+		if totalCount > 0 {
+			numFailed := a.systemdManager.getFailedServiceCount()
+			data.Info.Services = []uint16{totalCount, numFailed}
+		}
+		if a.systemdManager.hasFreshStats {
+			data.SystemdServices = a.systemdManager.getServiceStats(nil, false)
+		}
+	}
+
+	data.Stats.ExtraFs = make(map[string]*system.FsStats)
+	data.Info.ExtraFsPct = make(map[string]float64)
+	for name, stats := range a.fsStats {
+		if !stats.Root && stats.DiskTotal > 0 {
+			// Use custom name if available, otherwise use device name
+			key := name
+			if stats.Name != "" {
+				key = stats.Name
+			}
+			data.Stats.ExtraFs[key] = stats
+			// Add percentages to Info struct for dashboard
+			if stats.DiskTotal > 0 {
+				pct := utils.TwoDecimals((stats.DiskUsed / stats.DiskTotal) * 100)
+				data.Info.ExtraFsPct[key] = pct
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	slog.Debug("Extra FS", "data", data.Stats.ExtraFs)
+
+	a.cache.Set(data, cacheTimeMs)
+	return data
+}
+
+// Start initializes and starts the agent with optional WebSocket connection
+func (a *Agent) Start(serverOptions ServerOptions) error {
+	a.keys = serverOptions.Keys
+	return a.connectionManager.Start(serverOptions)
+}
+
+func (a *Agent) getFingerprint() string {
+	return GetFingerprint(a.dataDir, a.systemDetails.Hostname, a.systemDetails.CpuModel)
+}

agent/agent_cache.go

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+)
+
+type systemDataCache struct {
+	sync.RWMutex
+	cache map[uint16]*cacheNode
+}
+
+type cacheNode struct {
+	data       *system.CombinedData
+	lastUpdate time.Time
+}
+
+// NewSystemDataCache creates a cache keyed by the polling interval in milliseconds.
+func NewSystemDataCache() *systemDataCache {
+	return &systemDataCache{
+		cache: make(map[uint16]*cacheNode),
+	}
+}
+
+// Get returns cached combined data when the entry is still considered fresh.
+func (c *systemDataCache) Get(cacheTimeMs uint16) (stats *system.CombinedData, isCached bool) {
+	c.RLock()
+	defer c.RUnlock()
+
+	node, ok := c.cache[cacheTimeMs]
+	if !ok {
+		return &system.CombinedData{}, false
+	}
+	// allowedSkew := time.Second
+	// isFresh := time.Since(node.lastUpdate) < time.Duration(cacheTimeMs)*time.Millisecond-allowedSkew
+	// allow a 50% skew of the cache time
+	isFresh := time.Since(node.lastUpdate) < time.Duration(cacheTimeMs/2)*time.Millisecond
+	return node.data, isFresh
+}
+
+// Set stores the latest combined data snapshot for the given interval.
+func (c *systemDataCache) Set(data *system.CombinedData, cacheTimeMs uint16) {
+	c.Lock()
+	defer c.Unlock()
+
+	node, ok := c.cache[cacheTimeMs]
+	if !ok {
+		node = &cacheNode{}
+		c.cache[cacheTimeMs] = node
+	}
+	node.data = data
+	node.lastUpdate = time.Now()
+}

agent/agent_cache_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+//go:build testing
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"testing/synctest"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/container"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func createTestCacheData() *system.CombinedData {
+	return &system.CombinedData{
+		Stats: system.Stats{
+			Cpu:       50.5,
+			Mem:       8192,
+			DiskTotal: 100000,
+		},
+		Info: system.Info{
+			AgentVersion: "0.12.0",
+		},
+		Containers: []*container.Stats{
+			{
+				Name: "test-container",
+				Cpu:  25.0,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewSystemDataCache(t *testing.T) {
+	cache := NewSystemDataCache()
+	require.NotNil(t, cache)
+	assert.NotNil(t, cache.cache)
+	assert.Empty(t, cache.cache)
+}
+
+func TestCacheGetSet(t *testing.T) {
+	cache := NewSystemDataCache()
+	data := createTestCacheData()
+
+	// Test setting data
+	cache.Set(data, 1000) // 1 second cache
+
+	// Test getting fresh data
+	retrieved, isCached := cache.Get(1000)
+	assert.True(t, isCached)
+	assert.Equal(t, data, retrieved)
+
+	// Test getting non-existent cache key
+	_, isCached = cache.Get(2000)
+	assert.False(t, isCached)
+}
+
+func TestCacheFreshness(t *testing.T) {
+	cache := NewSystemDataCache()
+	data := createTestCacheData()
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name        string
+		cacheTimeMs uint16
+		sleepMs     time.Duration
+		expectFresh bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "fresh data - well within cache time",
+			cacheTimeMs: 1000, // 1 second
+			sleepMs:     100,  // 100ms
+			expectFresh: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "fresh data - at 50% of cache time boundary",
+			cacheTimeMs: 1000, // 1 second, 50% = 500ms
+			sleepMs:     499,  // just under 500ms
+			expectFresh: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "stale data - exactly at 50% cache time",
+			cacheTimeMs: 1000, // 1 second, 50% = 500ms
+			sleepMs:     500,  // exactly 500ms
+			expectFresh: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "stale data - well beyond cache time",
+			cacheTimeMs: 1000, // 1 second
+			sleepMs:     800,  // 800ms
+			expectFresh: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "short cache time",
+			cacheTimeMs: 200, // 200ms, 50% = 100ms
+			sleepMs:     150, // 150ms > 100ms
+			expectFresh: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+				// Set data
+				cache.Set(data, tc.cacheTimeMs)
+
+				// Wait for the specified duration
+				if tc.sleepMs > 0 {
+					time.Sleep(tc.sleepMs * time.Millisecond)
+				}
+
+				// Check freshness
+				_, isCached := cache.Get(tc.cacheTimeMs)
+				assert.Equal(t, tc.expectFresh, isCached)
+			})
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCacheMultipleIntervals(t *testing.T) {
+	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+		cache := NewSystemDataCache()
+		data1 := createTestCacheData()
+		data2 := &system.CombinedData{
+			Stats: system.Stats{
+				Cpu: 75.0,
+				Mem: 16384,
+			},
+			Info: system.Info{
+				AgentVersion: "0.12.0",
+			},
+			Containers: []*container.Stats{},
+		}
+
+		// Set data for different intervals
+		cache.Set(data1, 500)  // 500ms cache
+		cache.Set(data2, 1000) // 1000ms cache
+
+		// Both should be fresh immediately
+		retrieved1, isCached1 := cache.Get(500)
+		assert.True(t, isCached1)
+		assert.Equal(t, data1, retrieved1)
+
+		retrieved2, isCached2 := cache.Get(1000)
+		assert.True(t, isCached2)
+		assert.Equal(t, data2, retrieved2)
+
+		// Wait 300ms - 500ms cache should be stale (250ms threshold), 1000ms should still be fresh (500ms threshold)
+		time.Sleep(300 * time.Millisecond)
+
+		_, isCached1 = cache.Get(500)
+		assert.False(t, isCached1)
+
+		_, isCached2 = cache.Get(1000)
+		assert.True(t, isCached2)
+
+		// Wait another 300ms (total 600ms) - now 1000ms cache should also be stale
+		time.Sleep(300 * time.Millisecond)
+		_, isCached2 = cache.Get(1000)
+		assert.False(t, isCached2)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestCacheOverwrite(t *testing.T) {
+	cache := NewSystemDataCache()
+	data1 := createTestCacheData()
+	data2 := &system.CombinedData{
+		Stats: system.Stats{
+			Cpu: 90.0,
+			Mem: 32768,
+		},
+		Info: system.Info{
+			AgentVersion: "0.12.0",
+		},
+		Containers: []*container.Stats{},
+	}
+
+	// Set initial data
+	cache.Set(data1, 1000)
+	retrieved, isCached := cache.Get(1000)
+	assert.True(t, isCached)
+	assert.Equal(t, data1, retrieved)
+
+	// Overwrite with new data
+	cache.Set(data2, 1000)
+	retrieved, isCached = cache.Get(1000)
+	assert.True(t, isCached)
+	assert.Equal(t, data2, retrieved)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, data1, retrieved)
+}
+
+func TestCacheMiss(t *testing.T) {
+	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+		cache := NewSystemDataCache()
+
+		// Test getting from empty cache
+		_, isCached := cache.Get(1000)
+		assert.False(t, isCached)
+
+		// Set data for one interval
+		data := createTestCacheData()
+		cache.Set(data, 1000)
+
+		// Test getting different interval
+		_, isCached = cache.Get(2000)
+		assert.False(t, isCached)
+
+		// Test getting after data has expired
+		time.Sleep(600 * time.Millisecond) // 600ms > 500ms (50% of 1000ms)
+		_, isCached = cache.Get(1000)
+		assert.False(t, isCached)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestCacheZeroInterval(t *testing.T) {
+	cache := NewSystemDataCache()
+	data := createTestCacheData()
+
+	// Set with zero interval - should allow immediate cache
+	cache.Set(data, 0)
+
+	// With 0 interval, 50% is 0, so it should never be considered fresh
+	// (time.Since(lastUpdate) >= 0, which is not < 0)
+	_, isCached := cache.Get(0)
+	assert.False(t, isCached)
+}
+
+func TestCacheLargeInterval(t *testing.T) {
+	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+		cache := NewSystemDataCache()
+		data := createTestCacheData()
+
+		// Test with maximum uint16 value
+		cache.Set(data, 65535) // ~65 seconds
+
+		// Should be fresh immediately
+		_, isCached := cache.Get(65535)
+		assert.True(t, isCached)
+
+		// Should still be fresh after a short time
+		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+		_, isCached = cache.Get(65535)
+		assert.True(t, isCached)
+	})
+}

agent/agent_test_helpers.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build testing
-// +build testing
 
 package agent
 

agent/battery/battery.go

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+//go:build !freebsd
+
+// Package battery provides functions to check if the system has a battery and to get the battery stats.
+package battery
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"log/slog"
+	"math"
+
+	"github.com/distatus/battery"
+)
+
+var (
+	systemHasBattery   = false
+	haveCheckedBattery = false
+)
+
+// HasReadableBattery checks if the system has a battery and returns true if it does.
+func HasReadableBattery() bool {
+	if haveCheckedBattery {
+		return systemHasBattery
+	}
+	haveCheckedBattery = true
+	batteries, err := battery.GetAll()
+	for _, bat := range batteries {
+		if bat != nil && (bat.Full > 0 || bat.Design > 0) {
+			systemHasBattery = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !systemHasBattery {
+		slog.Debug("No battery found", "err", err)
+	}
+	return systemHasBattery
+}
+
+// GetBatteryStats returns the current battery percent and charge state
+// percent = (current charge of all batteries) / (sum of designed/full capacity of all batteries)
+func GetBatteryStats() (batteryPercent uint8, batteryState uint8, err error) {
+	if !HasReadableBattery() {
+		return batteryPercent, batteryState, errors.ErrUnsupported
+	}
+	batteries, err := battery.GetAll()
+	// we'll handle errors later by skipping batteries with errors, rather
+	// than skipping everything because of the presence of some errors.
+	if len(batteries) == 0 {
+		return batteryPercent, batteryState, errors.New("no batteries")
+	}
+
+	totalCapacity := float64(0)
+	totalCharge := float64(0)
+	errs, partialErrs := err.(battery.Errors)
+
+	batteryState = math.MaxUint8
+
+	for i, bat := range batteries {
+		if partialErrs && errs[i] != nil {
+			// if there were some errors, like missing data, skip it
+			continue
+		}
+		if bat == nil || bat.Full == 0 {
+			// skip batteries with no capacity. Charge is unlikely to ever be zero, but
+			// we can't guarantee that, so don't skip based on charge.
+			continue
+		}
+		totalCapacity += bat.Full
+		totalCharge += min(bat.Current, bat.Full)
+		if bat.State.Raw >= 0 {
+			batteryState = uint8(bat.State.Raw)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if totalCapacity == 0 || batteryState == math.MaxUint8 {
+		// for macs there's sometimes a ghost battery with 0 capacity
+		// https://github.com/distatus/battery/issues/34
+		// Instead of skipping over those batteries, we'll check for total 0 capacity
+		// and return an error. This also prevents a divide by zero.
+		return batteryPercent, batteryState, errors.New("no battery capacity")
+	}
+
+	batteryPercent = uint8(totalCharge / totalCapacity * 100)
+	return batteryPercent, batteryState, nil
+}

agent/client.go

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 package agent
 
 import (
-	"beszel"
-	"beszel/internal/common"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -15,6 +13,10 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/utils"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/common"
+
 	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
 	"github.com/lxzan/gws"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ type WebSocketClient struct {
 // newWebSocketClient creates a new WebSocket client for the given agent.
 // It reads configuration from environment variables and validates the hub URL.
 func newWebSocketClient(agent *Agent) (client *WebSocketClient, err error) {
-	hubURLStr, exists := GetEnv("HUB_URL")
+	hubURLStr, exists := utils.GetEnv("HUB_URL")
 	if !exists {
 		return nil, errors.New("HUB_URL environment variable not set")
 	}
@@ -71,12 +73,12 @@ func newWebSocketClient(agent *Agent) (client *WebSocketClient, err error) {
 // If neither is set, it returns an error.
 func getToken() (string, error) {
 	// get token from env var
-	token, _ := GetEnv("TOKEN")
+	token, _ := utils.GetEnv("TOKEN")
 	if token != "" {
 		return token, nil
 	}
 	// get token from file
-	tokenFile, _ := GetEnv("TOKEN_FILE")
+	tokenFile, _ := utils.GetEnv("TOKEN_FILE")
 	if tokenFile == "" {
 		return "", errors.New("must set TOKEN or TOKEN_FILE")
 	}
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ func getToken() (string, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-	return string(tokenBytes), nil
+	return strings.TrimSpace(string(tokenBytes)), nil
 }
 
 // getOptions returns the WebSocket client options, creating them if necessary.
@@ -141,7 +143,9 @@ func (client *WebSocketClient) OnOpen(conn *gws.Conn) {
 // OnClose handles WebSocket connection closure.
 // It logs the closure reason and notifies the connection manager.
 func (client *WebSocketClient) OnClose(conn *gws.Conn, err error) {
-	slog.Warn("Connection closed", "err", strings.TrimPrefix(err.Error(), "gws: "))
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Warn("Connection closed", "err", strings.TrimPrefix(err.Error(), "gws: "))
+	}
 	client.agent.connectionManager.eventChan <- WebSocketDisconnect
 }
 
@@ -155,11 +159,15 @@ func (client *WebSocketClient) OnMessage(conn *gws.Conn, message *gws.Message) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := cbor.NewDecoder(message.Data).Decode(client.hubRequest); err != nil {
+	var HubRequest common.HubRequest[cbor.RawMessage]
+
+	err := cbor.Unmarshal(message.Data.Bytes(), &HubRequest)
+	if err != nil {
 		slog.Error("Error parsing message", "err", err)
 		return
 	}
-	if err := client.handleHubRequest(client.hubRequest); err != nil {
+
+	if err := client.handleHubRequest(&HubRequest, HubRequest.Id); err != nil {
 		slog.Error("Error handling message", "err", err)
 	}
 }
@@ -172,7 +180,7 @@ func (client *WebSocketClient) OnPing(conn *gws.Conn, message []byte) {
 }
 
 // handleAuthChallenge verifies the authenticity of the hub and returns the system's fingerprint.
-func (client *WebSocketClient) handleAuthChallenge(msg *common.HubRequest[cbor.RawMessage]) (err error) {
+func (client *WebSocketClient) handleAuthChallenge(msg *common.HubRequest[cbor.RawMessage], requestID *uint32) (err error) {
 	var authRequest common.FingerprintRequest
 	if err := cbor.Unmarshal(msg.Data, &authRequest); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -190,12 +198,13 @@ func (client *WebSocketClient) handleAuthChallenge(msg *common.HubRequest[cbor.R
 	}
 
 	if authRequest.NeedSysInfo {
-		response.Hostname = client.agent.systemInfo.Hostname
+		response.Name, _ = utils.GetEnv("SYSTEM_NAME")
+		response.Hostname = client.agent.systemDetails.Hostname
 		serverAddr := client.agent.connectionManager.serverOptions.Addr
 		_, response.Port, _ = net.SplitHostPort(serverAddr)
 	}
 
-	return client.sendMessage(response)
+	return client.sendResponse(response, requestID)
 }
 
 // verifySignature verifies the signature of the token using the public keys.
@@ -220,25 +229,17 @@ func (client *WebSocketClient) Close() {
 	}
 }
 
-// handleHubRequest routes the request to the appropriate handler.
+// handleHubRequest routes the request to the appropriate handler using the handler registry.
-// It ensures the hub is verified before processing most requests.
+func (client *WebSocketClient) handleHubRequest(msg *common.HubRequest[cbor.RawMessage], requestID *uint32) error {
-func (client *WebSocketClient) handleHubRequest(msg *common.HubRequest[cbor.RawMessage]) error {
+	ctx := &HandlerContext{
-	if !client.hubVerified && msg.Action != common.CheckFingerprint {
+		Client:       client,
-		return errors.New("hub not verified")
+		Agent:        client.agent,
+		Request:      msg,
+		RequestID:    requestID,
+		HubVerified:  client.hubVerified,
+		SendResponse: client.sendResponse,
 	}
-	switch msg.Action {
+	return client.agent.handlerRegistry.Handle(ctx)
-	case common.GetData:
-		return client.sendSystemData()
-	case common.CheckFingerprint:
-		return client.handleAuthChallenge(msg)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// sendSystemData gathers and sends current system statistics to the hub.
-func (client *WebSocketClient) sendSystemData() error {
-	sysStats := client.agent.gatherStats(client.token)
-	return client.sendMessage(sysStats)
 }
 
 // sendMessage encodes the given data to CBOR and sends it as a binary message over the WebSocket connection to the hub.
@@ -247,7 +248,25 @@ func (client *WebSocketClient) sendMessage(data any) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return client.Conn.WriteMessage(gws.OpcodeBinary, bytes)
+	err = client.Conn.WriteMessage(gws.OpcodeBinary, bytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		// If writing fails (e.g., broken pipe due to network issues),
+		// close the connection to trigger reconnection logic (#1263)
+		client.Close()
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// sendResponse sends a response with optional request ID.
+// For ID-based requests, we must populate legacy typed fields for backward
+// compatibility with older hubs (<= 0.17) that don't read the generic Data field.
+func (client *WebSocketClient) sendResponse(data any, requestID *uint32) error {
+	if requestID != nil {
+		response := newAgentResponse(data, requestID)
+		return client.sendMessage(response)
+	}
+	// Legacy format - send data directly
+	return client.sendMessage(data)
 }
 
 // getUserAgent returns one of two User-Agent strings based on current time.

agent/client_test.go

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 //go:build testing
-// +build testing
 
 package agent
 
 import (
-	"beszel"
-	"beszel/internal/common"
 	"crypto/ed25519"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
@@ -13,6 +10,10 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/common"
+
 	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -299,7 +300,7 @@ func TestWebSocketClient_HandleHubRequest(t *testing.T) {
 				Data:   cbor.RawMessage{},
 			}
 
-			err := client.handleHubRequest(hubRequest)
+			err := client.handleHubRequest(hubRequest, nil)
 
 			if tc.expectError {
 				assert.Error(t, err)
@@ -535,4 +536,25 @@ func TestGetToken(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, "", token, "Empty file should return empty string")
 	})
+
+	t.Run("strips whitespace from TOKEN_FILE", func(t *testing.T) {
+		unsetEnvVars()
+
+		tokenWithWhitespace := "  test-token-with-whitespace  \n\t"
+		expectedToken := "test-token-with-whitespace"
+		tokenFile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "token-test-*.txt")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		defer os.Remove(tokenFile.Name())
+
+		_, err = tokenFile.WriteString(tokenWithWhitespace)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		tokenFile.Close()
+
+		os.Setenv("TOKEN_FILE", tokenFile.Name())
+		defer os.Unsetenv("TOKEN_FILE")
+
+		token, err := getToken()
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, expectedToken, token, "Whitespace should be stripped from token file content")
+	})
 }

agent/connection_manager.go

@@ -1,26 +1,29 @@
 package agent
 
 import (
-	"beszel/internal/agent/health"
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"log/slog"
-	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/health"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
 )
 
 // ConnectionManager manages the connection state and events for the agent.
 // It handles both WebSocket and SSH connections, automatically switching between
 // them based on availability and managing reconnection attempts.
 type ConnectionManager struct {
-	agent         *Agent               // Reference to the parent agent
+	agent          *Agent               // Reference to the parent agent
-	State         ConnectionState      // Current connection state
+	State          ConnectionState      // Current connection state
-	eventChan     chan ConnectionEvent // Channel for connection events
+	eventChan      chan ConnectionEvent // Channel for connection events
-	wsClient      *WebSocketClient     // WebSocket client for hub communication
+	wsClient       *WebSocketClient     // WebSocket client for hub communication
-	serverOptions ServerOptions        // Configuration for SSH server
+	serverOptions  ServerOptions        // Configuration for SSH server
-	wsTicker      *time.Ticker         // Ticker for WebSocket connection attempts
+	wsTicker       *time.Ticker         // Ticker for WebSocket connection attempts
-	isConnecting  bool                 // Prevents multiple simultaneous reconnection attempts
+	isConnecting   bool                 // Prevents multiple simultaneous reconnection attempts
+	ConnectionType system.ConnectionType
 }
 
 // ConnectionState represents the current connection state of the agent.
@@ -88,8 +91,8 @@ func (c *ConnectionManager) Start(serverOptions ServerOptions) error {
 	c.eventChan = make(chan ConnectionEvent, 1)
 
 	// signal handling for shutdown
-	sigChan := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+	sigCtx, stopSignals := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
-	signal.Notify(sigChan, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+	defer stopSignals()
 
 	c.startWsTicker()
 	c.connect()
@@ -106,8 +109,8 @@ func (c *ConnectionManager) Start(serverOptions ServerOptions) error {
 			_ = c.startWebSocketConnection()
 		case <-healthTicker:
 			_ = health.Update()
-		case <-sigChan:
+		case <-sigCtx.Done():
-			slog.Info("Shutting down")
+			slog.Info("Shutting down", "cause", context.Cause(sigCtx))
 			_ = c.agent.StopServer()
 			c.closeWebSocket()
 			return health.CleanUp()
@@ -143,15 +146,18 @@ func (c *ConnectionManager) handleStateChange(newState ConnectionState) {
 	switch newState {
 	case WebSocketConnected:
 		slog.Info("WebSocket connected", "host", c.wsClient.hubURL.Host)
+		c.ConnectionType = system.ConnectionTypeWebSocket
 		c.stopWsTicker()
 		_ = c.agent.StopServer()
 		c.isConnecting = false
 	case SSHConnected:
 		// stop new ws connection attempts
 		slog.Info("SSH connection established")
+		c.ConnectionType = system.ConnectionTypeSSH
 		c.stopWsTicker()
 		c.isConnecting = false
 	case Disconnected:
+		c.ConnectionType = system.ConnectionTypeNone
 		if c.isConnecting {
 			// Already handling reconnection, avoid duplicate attempts
 			return

agent/connection_manager_test.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build testing
-// +build testing
 
 package agent
 

agent/cpu.go

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"runtime"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4/cpu"
+)
+
+var lastCpuTimes = make(map[uint16]cpu.TimesStat)
+var lastPerCoreCpuTimes = make(map[uint16][]cpu.TimesStat)
+
+// init initializes the CPU monitoring by storing the initial CPU times
+// for the default 60-second cache interval.
+func init() {
+	if times, err := cpu.Times(false); err == nil && len(times) > 0 {
+		lastCpuTimes[60000] = times[0]
+	}
+	if perCoreTimes, err := cpu.Times(true); err == nil && len(perCoreTimes) > 0 {
+		lastPerCoreCpuTimes[60000] = perCoreTimes
+	}
+}
+
+// CpuMetrics contains detailed CPU usage breakdown
+type CpuMetrics struct {
+	Total  float64
+	User   float64
+	System float64
+	Iowait float64
+	Steal  float64
+	Idle   float64
+}
+
+// getCpuMetrics calculates detailed CPU usage metrics using cached previous measurements.
+// It returns percentages for total, user, system, iowait, and steal time.
+func getCpuMetrics(cacheTimeMs uint16) (CpuMetrics, error) {
+	times, err := cpu.Times(false)
+	if err != nil || len(times) == 0 {
+		return CpuMetrics{}, err
+	}
+	// if cacheTimeMs is not in lastCpuTimes, use 60000 as fallback lastCpuTime
+	if _, ok := lastCpuTimes[cacheTimeMs]; !ok {
+		lastCpuTimes[cacheTimeMs] = lastCpuTimes[60000]
+	}
+
+	t1 := lastCpuTimes[cacheTimeMs]
+	t2 := times[0]
+
+	t1All, _ := getAllBusy(t1)
+	t2All, _ := getAllBusy(t2)
+
+	totalDelta := t2All - t1All
+	if totalDelta <= 0 {
+		return CpuMetrics{}, nil
+	}
+
+	metrics := CpuMetrics{
+		Total:  calculateBusy(t1, t2),
+		User:   clampPercent((t2.User - t1.User) / totalDelta * 100),
+		System: clampPercent((t2.System - t1.System) / totalDelta * 100),
+		Iowait: clampPercent((t2.Iowait - t1.Iowait) / totalDelta * 100),
+		Steal:  clampPercent((t2.Steal - t1.Steal) / totalDelta * 100),
+		Idle:   clampPercent((t2.Idle - t1.Idle) / totalDelta * 100),
+	}
+
+	lastCpuTimes[cacheTimeMs] = times[0]
+	return metrics, nil
+}
+
+// clampPercent ensures the percentage is between 0 and 100
+func clampPercent(value float64) float64 {
+	return math.Min(100, math.Max(0, value))
+}
+
+// getPerCoreCpuUsage calculates per-core CPU busy usage as integer percentages (0-100).
+// It uses cached previous measurements for the provided cache interval.
+func getPerCoreCpuUsage(cacheTimeMs uint16) (system.Uint8Slice, error) {
+	perCoreTimes, err := cpu.Times(true)
+	if err != nil || len(perCoreTimes) == 0 {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Initialize cache if needed
+	if _, ok := lastPerCoreCpuTimes[cacheTimeMs]; !ok {
+		lastPerCoreCpuTimes[cacheTimeMs] = lastPerCoreCpuTimes[60000]
+	}
+
+	lastTimes := lastPerCoreCpuTimes[cacheTimeMs]
+
+	// Limit to the number of cores available in both samples
+	length := min(len(lastTimes), len(perCoreTimes))
+
+	usage := make([]uint8, length)
+	for i := 0; i < length; i++ {
+		t1 := lastTimes[i]
+		t2 := perCoreTimes[i]
+		usage[i] = uint8(math.Round(calculateBusy(t1, t2)))
+	}
+
+	lastPerCoreCpuTimes[cacheTimeMs] = perCoreTimes
+	return usage, nil
+}
+
+// calculateBusy calculates the CPU busy percentage between two time points.
+// It computes the ratio of busy time to total time elapsed between t1 and t2,
+// returning a percentage clamped between 0 and 100.
+func calculateBusy(t1, t2 cpu.TimesStat) float64 {
+	t1All, t1Busy := getAllBusy(t1)
+	t2All, t2Busy := getAllBusy(t2)
+
+	if t2All <= t1All || t2Busy <= t1Busy {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return clampPercent((t2Busy - t1Busy) / (t2All - t1All) * 100)
+}
+
+// getAllBusy calculates the total CPU time and busy CPU time from CPU times statistics.
+// On Linux, it excludes guest and guest_nice time from the total to match kernel behavior.
+// Returns total CPU time and busy CPU time (total minus idle and I/O wait time).
+func getAllBusy(t cpu.TimesStat) (float64, float64) {
+	tot := t.Total()
+	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
+		tot -= t.Guest     // Linux 2.6.24+
+		tot -= t.GuestNice // Linux 3.2.0+
+	}
+
+	busy := tot - t.Idle - t.Iowait
+
+	return tot, busy
+}

agent/data_dir.go

@@ -6,17 +6,19 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/utils"
 )
 
-// getDataDir returns the path to the data directory for the agent and an error
+// GetDataDir returns the path to the data directory for the agent and an error
 // if the directory is not valid. Attempts to find the optimal data directory if
 // no data directories are provided.
-func getDataDir(dataDirs ...string) (string, error) {
+func GetDataDir(dataDirs ...string) (string, error) {
 	if len(dataDirs) > 0 {
 		return testDataDirs(dataDirs)
 	}
 
-	dataDir, _ := GetEnv("DATA_DIR")
+	dataDir, _ := utils.GetEnv("DATA_DIR")
 	if dataDir != "" {
 		dataDirs = append(dataDirs, dataDir)
 	}

agent/data_dir_test.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build testing
-// +build testing
 
 package agent
 
@@ -17,7 +16,7 @@ func TestGetDataDir(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test with explicit dataDir parameter
 	t.Run("explicit data dir", func(t *testing.T) {
 		tempDir := t.TempDir()
-		result, err := getDataDir(tempDir)
+		result, err := GetDataDir(tempDir)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, tempDir, result)
 	})
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ func TestGetDataDir(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("explicit data dir - create new", func(t *testing.T) {
 		tempDir := t.TempDir()
 		newDir := filepath.Join(tempDir, "new-data-dir")
-		result, err := getDataDir(newDir)
+		result, err := GetDataDir(newDir)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, newDir, result)
 
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ func TestGetDataDir(t *testing.T) {
 
 		os.Setenv("BESZEL_AGENT_DATA_DIR", tempDir)
 
-		result, err := getDataDir()
+		result, err := GetDataDir()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, tempDir, result)
 	})
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ func TestGetDataDir(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test with invalid explicit dataDir
 	t.Run("invalid explicit data dir", func(t *testing.T) {
 		invalidPath := "/invalid/path/that/cannot/be/created"
-		_, err := getDataDir(invalidPath)
+		_, err := GetDataDir(invalidPath)
 		assert.Error(t, err)
 	})
 
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ func TestGetDataDir(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// This will try platform-specific defaults, which may or may not work
 		// We're mainly testing that it doesn't panic and returns some result
-		result, err := getDataDir()
+		result, err := GetDataDir()
 		// We don't assert success/failure here since it depends on system permissions
 		// Just verify we get a string result if no error
 		if err == nil {

agent/deltatracker/deltatracker.go

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// Package deltatracker provides a tracker for calculating differences in numeric values over time.
+package deltatracker
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+
+	"golang.org/x/exp/constraints"
+)
+
+// Numeric is a constraint that permits any integer or floating-point type.
+type Numeric interface {
+	constraints.Integer | constraints.Float
+}
+
+// DeltaTracker is a generic, thread-safe tracker for calculating differences
+// in numeric values over time.
+// K is the key type (e.g., int, string).
+// V is the value type (e.g., int, int64, float32, float64).
+type DeltaTracker[K comparable, V Numeric] struct {
+	sync.RWMutex
+	current  map[K]V
+	previous map[K]V
+}
+
+// NewDeltaTracker creates a new generic tracker.
+func NewDeltaTracker[K comparable, V Numeric]() *DeltaTracker[K, V] {
+	return &DeltaTracker[K, V]{
+		current:  make(map[K]V),
+		previous: make(map[K]V),
+	}
+}
+
+// Set records the current value for a given ID.
+func (t *DeltaTracker[K, V]) Set(id K, value V) {
+	t.Lock()
+	defer t.Unlock()
+	t.current[id] = value
+}
+
+// Snapshot returns a copy of the current map.
+// func (t *DeltaTracker[K, V]) Snapshot() map[K]V {
+// 	t.RLock()
+// 	defer t.RUnlock()
+
+// 	copyMap := make(map[K]V, len(t.current))
+// 	maps.Copy(copyMap, t.current)
+// 	return copyMap
+// }
+
+// Deltas returns a map of all calculated deltas for the current interval.
+func (t *DeltaTracker[K, V]) Deltas() map[K]V {
+	t.RLock()
+	defer t.RUnlock()
+
+	deltas := make(map[K]V)
+	for id, currentVal := range t.current {
+		if previousVal, ok := t.previous[id]; ok {
+			deltas[id] = currentVal - previousVal
+		} else {
+			deltas[id] = 0
+		}
+	}
+	return deltas
+}
+
+// Previous returns the previously recorded value for the given key, if it exists.
+func (t *DeltaTracker[K, V]) Previous(id K) (V, bool) {
+	t.RLock()
+	defer t.RUnlock()
+
+	value, ok := t.previous[id]
+	return value, ok
+}
+
+// Delta returns the delta for a single key.
+// Returns 0 if the key doesn't exist or has no previous value.
+func (t *DeltaTracker[K, V]) Delta(id K) V {
+	t.RLock()
+	defer t.RUnlock()
+
+	currentVal, currentOk := t.current[id]
+	if !currentOk {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	previousVal, previousOk := t.previous[id]
+	if !previousOk {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	return currentVal - previousVal
+}
+
+// Cycle prepares the tracker for the next interval.
+func (t *DeltaTracker[K, V]) Cycle() {
+	t.Lock()
+	defer t.Unlock()
+	t.previous = t.current
+	t.current = make(map[K]V)
+}

agent/deltatracker/deltatracker_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+package deltatracker
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func ExampleDeltaTracker() {
+	tracker := NewDeltaTracker[string, int]()
+	tracker.Set("key1", 10)
+	tracker.Set("key2", 20)
+	tracker.Cycle()
+	tracker.Set("key1", 15)
+	tracker.Set("key2", 30)
+	fmt.Println(tracker.Delta("key1"))
+	fmt.Println(tracker.Delta("key2"))
+	fmt.Println(tracker.Deltas())
+	// Output: 5
+	// 10
+	// map[key1:5 key2:10]
+}
+
+func TestNewDeltaTracker(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewDeltaTracker[string, int]()
+	assert.NotNil(t, tracker)
+	assert.Empty(t, tracker.current)
+	assert.Empty(t, tracker.previous)
+}
+
+func TestSet(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewDeltaTracker[string, int]()
+	tracker.Set("key1", 10)
+
+	tracker.RLock()
+	defer tracker.RUnlock()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 10, tracker.current["key1"])
+}
+
+func TestDeltas(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewDeltaTracker[string, int]()
+
+	// Test with no previous values
+	tracker.Set("key1", 10)
+	tracker.Set("key2", 20)
+
+	deltas := tracker.Deltas()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, deltas["key1"])
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, deltas["key2"])
+
+	// Cycle to move current to previous
+	tracker.Cycle()
+
+	// Set new values and check deltas
+	tracker.Set("key1", 15) // Delta should be 5 (15-10)
+	tracker.Set("key2", 25) // Delta should be 5 (25-20)
+	tracker.Set("key3", 30) // New key, delta should be 0
+
+	deltas = tracker.Deltas()
+	assert.Equal(t, 5, deltas["key1"])
+	assert.Equal(t, 5, deltas["key2"])
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, deltas["key3"])
+}
+
+func TestCycle(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewDeltaTracker[string, int]()
+
+	tracker.Set("key1", 10)
+	tracker.Set("key2", 20)
+
+	// Verify current has values
+	tracker.RLock()
+	assert.Equal(t, 10, tracker.current["key1"])
+	assert.Equal(t, 20, tracker.current["key2"])
+	assert.Empty(t, tracker.previous)
+	tracker.RUnlock()
+
+	tracker.Cycle()
+
+	// After cycle, previous should have the old current values
+	// and current should be empty
+	tracker.RLock()
+	assert.Empty(t, tracker.current)
+	assert.Equal(t, 10, tracker.previous["key1"])
+	assert.Equal(t, 20, tracker.previous["key2"])
+	tracker.RUnlock()
+}
+
+func TestCompleteWorkflow(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewDeltaTracker[string, int]()
+
+	// First interval
+	tracker.Set("server1", 100)
+	tracker.Set("server2", 200)
+
+	// Get deltas for first interval (should be zero)
+	firstDeltas := tracker.Deltas()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, firstDeltas["server1"])
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, firstDeltas["server2"])
+
+	// Cycle to next interval
+	tracker.Cycle()
+
+	// Second interval
+	tracker.Set("server1", 150) // Delta: 50
+	tracker.Set("server2", 180) // Delta: -20
+	tracker.Set("server3", 300) // New server, delta: 300
+
+	secondDeltas := tracker.Deltas()
+	assert.Equal(t, 50, secondDeltas["server1"])
+	assert.Equal(t, -20, secondDeltas["server2"])
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, secondDeltas["server3"])
+}
+
+func TestDeltaTrackerWithDifferentTypes(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with int64
+	intTracker := NewDeltaTracker[string, int64]()
+	intTracker.Set("pid1", 1000)
+	intTracker.Cycle()
+	intTracker.Set("pid1", 1200)
+	intDeltas := intTracker.Deltas()
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(200), intDeltas["pid1"])
+
+	// Test with float64
+	floatTracker := NewDeltaTracker[string, float64]()
+	floatTracker.Set("cpu1", 1.5)
+	floatTracker.Cycle()
+	floatTracker.Set("cpu1", 2.7)
+	floatDeltas := floatTracker.Deltas()
+	assert.InDelta(t, 1.2, floatDeltas["cpu1"], 0.0001)
+
+	// Test with int keys
+	pidTracker := NewDeltaTracker[int, int64]()
+	pidTracker.Set(101, 20000)
+	pidTracker.Cycle()
+	pidTracker.Set(101, 22500)
+	pidDeltas := pidTracker.Deltas()
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(2500), pidDeltas[101])
+}
+
+func TestDelta(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewDeltaTracker[string, int]()
+
+	// Test getting delta for non-existent key
+	result := tracker.Delta("nonexistent")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, result)
+
+	// Test getting delta for key with no previous value
+	tracker.Set("key1", 10)
+	result = tracker.Delta("key1")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, result)
+
+	// Cycle to move current to previous
+	tracker.Cycle()
+
+	// Test getting delta for key with previous value
+	tracker.Set("key1", 15)
+	result = tracker.Delta("key1")
+	assert.Equal(t, 5, result)
+
+	// Test getting delta for key that exists in previous but not current
+	result = tracker.Delta("key1")
+	assert.Equal(t, 5, result) // Should still return 5
+
+	// Test getting delta for key that exists in current but not previous
+	tracker.Set("key2", 20)
+	result = tracker.Delta("key2")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, result)
+}
+
+func TestDeltaWithDifferentTypes(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with int64
+	intTracker := NewDeltaTracker[string, int64]()
+	intTracker.Set("pid1", 1000)
+	intTracker.Cycle()
+	intTracker.Set("pid1", 1200)
+	result := intTracker.Delta("pid1")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(200), result)
+
+	// Test with float64
+	floatTracker := NewDeltaTracker[string, float64]()
+	floatTracker.Set("cpu1", 1.5)
+	floatTracker.Cycle()
+	floatTracker.Set("cpu1", 2.7)
+	floatResult := floatTracker.Delta("cpu1")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 1.2, floatResult, 0.0001)
+
+	// Test with int keys
+	pidTracker := NewDeltaTracker[int, int64]()
+	pidTracker.Set(101, 20000)
+	pidTracker.Cycle()
+	pidTracker.Set(101, 22500)
+	pidResult := pidTracker.Delta(101)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(2500), pidResult)
+}
+
+func TestDeltaConcurrentAccess(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewDeltaTracker[string, int]()
+
+	// Set initial values
+	tracker.Set("key1", 10)
+	tracker.Set("key2", 20)
+	tracker.Cycle()
+
+	// Set new values
+	tracker.Set("key1", 15)
+	tracker.Set("key2", 25)
+
+	// Test concurrent access safety
+	result1 := tracker.Delta("key1")
+	result2 := tracker.Delta("key2")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 5, result1)
+	assert.Equal(t, 5, result2)
+}

agent/disk.go

@@ -0,0 +1,536 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/utils"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+
+	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4/disk"
+)
+
+// parseFilesystemEntry parses a filesystem entry in the format "device__customname"
+// Returns the device/filesystem part and the custom name part
+func parseFilesystemEntry(entry string) (device, customName string) {
+	entry = strings.TrimSpace(entry)
+	if parts := strings.SplitN(entry, "__", 2); len(parts) == 2 {
+		device = strings.TrimSpace(parts[0])
+		customName = strings.TrimSpace(parts[1])
+	} else {
+		device = entry
+	}
+	return device, customName
+}
+
+func isDockerSpecialMountpoint(mountpoint string) bool {
+	switch mountpoint {
+	case "/etc/hosts", "/etc/resolv.conf", "/etc/hostname":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// Sets up the filesystems to monitor for disk usage and I/O.
+func (a *Agent) initializeDiskInfo() {
+	filesystem, _ := utils.GetEnv("FILESYSTEM")
+	efPath := "/extra-filesystems"
+	hasRoot := false
+	isWindows := runtime.GOOS == "windows"
+
+	partitions, err := disk.Partitions(false)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Error("Error getting disk partitions", "err", err)
+	}
+	slog.Debug("Disk", "partitions", partitions)
+
+	// trim trailing backslash for Windows devices (#1361)
+	if isWindows {
+		for i, p := range partitions {
+			partitions[i].Device = strings.TrimSuffix(p.Device, "\\")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// ioContext := context.WithValue(a.sensorsContext,
+	// 	common.EnvKey, common.EnvMap{common.HostProcEnvKey: "/tmp/testproc"},
+	// )
+	// diskIoCounters, err := disk.IOCountersWithContext(ioContext)
+
+	diskIoCounters, err := disk.IOCounters()
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Error("Error getting diskstats", "err", err)
+	}
+	slog.Debug("Disk I/O", "diskstats", diskIoCounters)
+
+	// Helper function to add a filesystem to fsStats if it doesn't exist
+	addFsStat := func(device, mountpoint string, root bool, customName ...string) {
+		var key string
+		if isWindows {
+			key = device
+		} else {
+			key = filepath.Base(device)
+		}
+		var ioMatch bool
+		if _, exists := a.fsStats[key]; !exists {
+			if root {
+				slog.Info("Detected root device", "name", key)
+				// Try to map root device to a diskIoCounters entry. First
+				// checks for an exact key match, then uses findIoDevice for
+				// normalized / prefix-based matching (e.g. nda0p2 → nda0),
+				// and finally falls back to the FILESYSTEM env var.
+				if _, ioMatch = diskIoCounters[key]; !ioMatch {
+					if matchedKey, match := findIoDevice(key, diskIoCounters); match {
+						key = matchedKey
+						ioMatch = true
+					} else if filesystem != "" {
+						if matchedKey, match := findIoDevice(filesystem, diskIoCounters); match {
+							key = matchedKey
+							ioMatch = true
+						}
+					}
+					if !ioMatch {
+						slog.Warn("Root I/O unmapped; set FILESYSTEM", "device", device, "mountpoint", mountpoint)
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				// Check if non-root has diskstats and fall back to folder name if not
+				// Scenario: device is encrypted and named luks-2bcb02be-999d-4417-8d18-5c61e660fb6e - not in /proc/diskstats.
+				// However, the device can be specified by mounting folder from luks device at /extra-filesystems/sda1
+				if _, ioMatch = diskIoCounters[key]; !ioMatch {
+					efBase := filepath.Base(mountpoint)
+					if _, ioMatch = diskIoCounters[efBase]; ioMatch {
+						key = efBase
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			fsStats := &system.FsStats{Root: root, Mountpoint: mountpoint}
+			if len(customName) > 0 && customName[0] != "" {
+				fsStats.Name = customName[0]
+			}
+			a.fsStats[key] = fsStats
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Get the appropriate root mount point for this system
+	rootMountPoint := a.getRootMountPoint()
+
+	// Use FILESYSTEM env var to find root filesystem
+	if filesystem != "" {
+		for _, p := range partitions {
+			if filesystemMatchesPartitionSetting(filesystem, p) {
+				addFsStat(p.Device, p.Mountpoint, true)
+				hasRoot = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if !hasRoot {
+			// FILESYSTEM may name a physical disk absent from partitions (e.g.
+			// ZFS lists dataset paths like zroot/ROOT/default, not block devices).
+			// Try matching directly against diskIoCounters.
+			if ioKey, match := findIoDevice(filesystem, diskIoCounters); match {
+				a.fsStats[ioKey] = &system.FsStats{Root: true, Mountpoint: rootMountPoint}
+				hasRoot = true
+			} else {
+				slog.Warn("Partition details not found", "filesystem", filesystem)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Add EXTRA_FILESYSTEMS env var values to fsStats
+	if extraFilesystems, exists := utils.GetEnv("EXTRA_FILESYSTEMS"); exists {
+		for fsEntry := range strings.SplitSeq(extraFilesystems, ",") {
+			// Parse custom name from format: device__customname
+			fs, customName := parseFilesystemEntry(fsEntry)
+
+			found := false
+			for _, p := range partitions {
+				if strings.HasSuffix(p.Device, fs) || p.Mountpoint == fs {
+					addFsStat(p.Device, p.Mountpoint, false, customName)
+					found = true
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			// if not in partitions, test if we can get disk usage
+			if !found {
+				if _, err := disk.Usage(fs); err == nil {
+					addFsStat(filepath.Base(fs), fs, false, customName)
+				} else {
+					slog.Error("Invalid filesystem", "name", fs, "err", err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Process partitions for various mount points
+	for _, p := range partitions {
+		// fmt.Println(p.Device, p.Mountpoint)
+		// Binary root fallback or docker root fallback
+		if !hasRoot && (p.Mountpoint == rootMountPoint || (isDockerSpecialMountpoint(p.Mountpoint) && strings.HasPrefix(p.Device, "/dev"))) {
+			fs, match := findIoDevice(filepath.Base(p.Device), diskIoCounters)
+			if match {
+				addFsStat(fs, p.Mountpoint, true)
+				hasRoot = true
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Check if device is in /extra-filesystems
+		if strings.HasPrefix(p.Mountpoint, efPath) {
+			device, customName := parseFilesystemEntry(p.Mountpoint)
+			addFsStat(device, p.Mountpoint, false, customName)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check all folders in /extra-filesystems and add them if not already present
+	if folders, err := os.ReadDir(efPath); err == nil {
+		existingMountpoints := make(map[string]bool)
+		for _, stats := range a.fsStats {
+			existingMountpoints[stats.Mountpoint] = true
+		}
+		for _, folder := range folders {
+			if folder.IsDir() {
+				mountpoint := filepath.Join(efPath, folder.Name())
+				slog.Debug("/extra-filesystems", "mountpoint", mountpoint)
+				if !existingMountpoints[mountpoint] {
+					device, customName := parseFilesystemEntry(folder.Name())
+					addFsStat(device, mountpoint, false, customName)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// If no root filesystem set, try the most active I/O device as a last
+	// resort (e.g. ZFS where dataset names are unrelated to disk names).
+	if !hasRoot {
+		rootKey := mostActiveIoDevice(diskIoCounters)
+		if rootKey != "" {
+			slog.Warn("Using most active device for root I/O; set FILESYSTEM to override", "device", rootKey)
+		} else {
+			rootKey = filepath.Base(rootMountPoint)
+			if _, exists := a.fsStats[rootKey]; exists {
+				rootKey = "root"
+			}
+			slog.Warn("Root I/O device not detected; set FILESYSTEM to override")
+		}
+		a.fsStats[rootKey] = &system.FsStats{Root: true, Mountpoint: rootMountPoint}
+	}
+
+	a.pruneDuplicateRootExtraFilesystems()
+	a.initializeDiskIoStats(diskIoCounters)
+}
+
+// Removes extra filesystems that mirror root usage (https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/issues/1428).
+func (a *Agent) pruneDuplicateRootExtraFilesystems() {
+	var rootMountpoint string
+	for _, stats := range a.fsStats {
+		if stats != nil && stats.Root {
+			rootMountpoint = stats.Mountpoint
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if rootMountpoint == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	rootUsage, err := disk.Usage(rootMountpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	for name, stats := range a.fsStats {
+		if stats == nil || stats.Root {
+			continue
+		}
+		extraUsage, err := disk.Usage(stats.Mountpoint)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if hasSameDiskUsage(rootUsage, extraUsage) {
+			slog.Info("Ignoring duplicate FS", "name", name, "mount", stats.Mountpoint)
+			delete(a.fsStats, name)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// hasSameDiskUsage compares root/extra usage with a small byte tolerance.
+func hasSameDiskUsage(a, b *disk.UsageStat) bool {
+	if a == nil || b == nil || a.Total == 0 || b.Total == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	// Allow minor drift between sequential disk usage calls.
+	const toleranceBytes uint64 = 16 * 1024 * 1024
+	return withinUsageTolerance(a.Total, b.Total, toleranceBytes) &&
+		withinUsageTolerance(a.Used, b.Used, toleranceBytes)
+}
+
+// withinUsageTolerance reports whether two byte values differ by at most tolerance.
+func withinUsageTolerance(a, b, tolerance uint64) bool {
+	if a >= b {
+		return a-b <= tolerance
+	}
+	return b-a <= tolerance
+}
+
+type ioMatchCandidate struct {
+	name  string
+	bytes uint64
+	ops   uint64
+}
+
+// findIoDevice prefers exact device/label matches, then falls back to a
+// prefix-related candidate with the highest recent activity.
+func findIoDevice(filesystem string, diskIoCounters map[string]disk.IOCountersStat) (string, bool) {
+	filesystem = normalizeDeviceName(filesystem)
+	if filesystem == "" {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	candidates := []ioMatchCandidate{}
+
+	for _, d := range diskIoCounters {
+		if normalizeDeviceName(d.Name) == filesystem || (d.Label != "" && normalizeDeviceName(d.Label) == filesystem) {
+			return d.Name, true
+		}
+		if prefixRelated(normalizeDeviceName(d.Name), filesystem) ||
+			(d.Label != "" && prefixRelated(normalizeDeviceName(d.Label), filesystem)) {
+			candidates = append(candidates, ioMatchCandidate{
+				name:  d.Name,
+				bytes: d.ReadBytes + d.WriteBytes,
+				ops:   d.ReadCount + d.WriteCount,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(candidates) == 0 {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	best := candidates[0]
+	for _, c := range candidates[1:] {
+		if c.bytes > best.bytes ||
+			(c.bytes == best.bytes && c.ops > best.ops) ||
+			(c.bytes == best.bytes && c.ops == best.ops && c.name < best.name) {
+			best = c
+		}
+	}
+
+	slog.Info("Using disk I/O fallback", "requested", filesystem, "selected", best.name)
+	return best.name, true
+}
+
+// mostActiveIoDevice returns the device with the highest I/O activity,
+// or "" if diskIoCounters is empty.
+func mostActiveIoDevice(diskIoCounters map[string]disk.IOCountersStat) string {
+	var best ioMatchCandidate
+	for _, d := range diskIoCounters {
+		c := ioMatchCandidate{
+			name:  d.Name,
+			bytes: d.ReadBytes + d.WriteBytes,
+			ops:   d.ReadCount + d.WriteCount,
+		}
+		if best.name == "" || c.bytes > best.bytes ||
+			(c.bytes == best.bytes && c.ops > best.ops) ||
+			(c.bytes == best.bytes && c.ops == best.ops && c.name < best.name) {
+			best = c
+		}
+	}
+	return best.name
+}
+
+// prefixRelated reports whether either identifier is a prefix of the other.
+func prefixRelated(a, b string) bool {
+	if a == "" || b == "" || a == b {
+		return false
+	}
+	return strings.HasPrefix(a, b) || strings.HasPrefix(b, a)
+}
+
+// filesystemMatchesPartitionSetting checks whether a FILESYSTEM env var value
+// matches a partition by mountpoint, exact device name, or prefix relationship
+// (e.g. FILESYSTEM=ada0 matches partition /dev/ada0p2).
+func filesystemMatchesPartitionSetting(filesystem string, p disk.PartitionStat) bool {
+	filesystem = strings.TrimSpace(filesystem)
+	if filesystem == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	if p.Mountpoint == filesystem {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	fsName := normalizeDeviceName(filesystem)
+	partName := normalizeDeviceName(p.Device)
+	if fsName == "" || partName == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	if fsName == partName {
+		return true
+	}
+	return prefixRelated(partName, fsName)
+}
+
+// normalizeDeviceName canonicalizes device strings for comparisons.
+func normalizeDeviceName(value string) string {
+	name := filepath.Base(strings.TrimSpace(value))
+	if name == "." {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return name
+}
+
+// Sets start values for disk I/O stats.
+func (a *Agent) initializeDiskIoStats(diskIoCounters map[string]disk.IOCountersStat) {
+	for device, stats := range a.fsStats {
+		// skip if not in diskIoCounters
+		d, exists := diskIoCounters[device]
+		if !exists {
+			slog.Warn("Device not found in diskstats", "name", device)
+			continue
+		}
+		// populate initial values
+		stats.Time = time.Now()
+		stats.TotalRead = d.ReadBytes
+		stats.TotalWrite = d.WriteBytes
+		// add to list of valid io device names
+		a.fsNames = append(a.fsNames, device)
+	}
+}
+
+// Updates disk usage statistics for all monitored filesystems
+func (a *Agent) updateDiskUsage(systemStats *system.Stats) {
+	// Check if we should skip extra filesystem collection to avoid waking sleeping disks.
+	// Root filesystem is always updated since it can't be sleeping while the agent runs.
+	// Always collect on first call (lastDiskUsageUpdate is zero) or if caching is disabled.
+	cacheExtraFs := a.diskUsageCacheDuration > 0 &&
+		!a.lastDiskUsageUpdate.IsZero() &&
+		time.Since(a.lastDiskUsageUpdate) < a.diskUsageCacheDuration
+
+	// disk usage
+	for _, stats := range a.fsStats {
+		// Skip non-root filesystems if caching is active
+		if cacheExtraFs && !stats.Root {
+			continue
+		}
+		if d, err := disk.Usage(stats.Mountpoint); err == nil {
+			stats.DiskTotal = utils.BytesToGigabytes(d.Total)
+			stats.DiskUsed = utils.BytesToGigabytes(d.Used)
+			if stats.Root {
+				systemStats.DiskTotal = utils.BytesToGigabytes(d.Total)
+				systemStats.DiskUsed = utils.BytesToGigabytes(d.Used)
+				systemStats.DiskPct = utils.TwoDecimals(d.UsedPercent)
+			}
+		} else {
+			// reset stats if error (likely unmounted)
+			slog.Error("Error getting disk stats", "name", stats.Mountpoint, "err", err)
+			stats.DiskTotal = 0
+			stats.DiskUsed = 0
+			stats.TotalRead = 0
+			stats.TotalWrite = 0
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Update the last disk usage update time when we've collected extra filesystems
+	if !cacheExtraFs {
+		a.lastDiskUsageUpdate = time.Now()
+	}
+}
+
+// Updates disk I/O statistics for all monitored filesystems
+func (a *Agent) updateDiskIo(cacheTimeMs uint16, systemStats *system.Stats) {
+	// disk i/o (cache-aware per interval)
+	if ioCounters, err := disk.IOCounters(a.fsNames...); err == nil {
+		// Ensure map for this interval exists
+		if _, ok := a.diskPrev[cacheTimeMs]; !ok {
+			a.diskPrev[cacheTimeMs] = make(map[string]prevDisk)
+		}
+		now := time.Now()
+		for name, d := range ioCounters {
+			stats := a.fsStats[d.Name]
+			if stats == nil {
+				// skip devices not tracked
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// Previous snapshot for this interval and device
+			prev, hasPrev := a.diskPrev[cacheTimeMs][name]
+			if !hasPrev {
+				// Seed from agent-level fsStats if present, else seed from current
+				prev = prevDisk{readBytes: stats.TotalRead, writeBytes: stats.TotalWrite, at: stats.Time}
+				if prev.at.IsZero() {
+					prev = prevDisk{readBytes: d.ReadBytes, writeBytes: d.WriteBytes, at: now}
+				}
+			}
+
+			msElapsed := uint64(now.Sub(prev.at).Milliseconds())
+			if msElapsed < 100 {
+				// Avoid division by zero or clock issues; update snapshot and continue
+				a.diskPrev[cacheTimeMs][name] = prevDisk{readBytes: d.ReadBytes, writeBytes: d.WriteBytes, at: now}
+				continue
+			}
+
+			diskIORead := (d.ReadBytes - prev.readBytes) * 1000 / msElapsed
+			diskIOWrite := (d.WriteBytes - prev.writeBytes) * 1000 / msElapsed
+			readMbPerSecond := utils.BytesToMegabytes(float64(diskIORead))
+			writeMbPerSecond := utils.BytesToMegabytes(float64(diskIOWrite))
+
+			// validate values
+			if readMbPerSecond > 50_000 || writeMbPerSecond > 50_000 {
+				slog.Warn("Invalid disk I/O. Resetting.", "name", d.Name, "read", readMbPerSecond, "write", writeMbPerSecond)
+				// Reset interval snapshot and seed from current
+				a.diskPrev[cacheTimeMs][name] = prevDisk{readBytes: d.ReadBytes, writeBytes: d.WriteBytes, at: now}
+				// also refresh agent baseline to avoid future negatives
+				a.initializeDiskIoStats(ioCounters)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// Update per-interval snapshot
+			a.diskPrev[cacheTimeMs][name] = prevDisk{readBytes: d.ReadBytes, writeBytes: d.WriteBytes, at: now}
+
+			// Update global fsStats baseline for cross-interval correctness
+			stats.Time = now
+			stats.TotalRead = d.ReadBytes
+			stats.TotalWrite = d.WriteBytes
+			stats.DiskReadPs = readMbPerSecond
+			stats.DiskWritePs = writeMbPerSecond
+			stats.DiskReadBytes = diskIORead
+			stats.DiskWriteBytes = diskIOWrite
+
+			if stats.Root {
+				systemStats.DiskReadPs = stats.DiskReadPs
+				systemStats.DiskWritePs = stats.DiskWritePs
+				systemStats.DiskIO[0] = diskIORead
+				systemStats.DiskIO[1] = diskIOWrite
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// getRootMountPoint returns the appropriate root mount point for the system
+// For immutable systems like Fedora Silverblue, it returns /sysroot instead of /
+func (a *Agent) getRootMountPoint() string {
+	// 1. Check if /etc/os-release contains indicators of an immutable system
+	if osReleaseContent, err := os.ReadFile("/etc/os-release"); err == nil {
+		content := string(osReleaseContent)
+		if strings.Contains(content, "fedora") && strings.Contains(content, "silverblue") ||
+			strings.Contains(content, "coreos") ||
+			strings.Contains(content, "flatcar") ||
+			strings.Contains(content, "rhel-atomic") ||
+			strings.Contains(content, "centos-atomic") {
+			// Verify that /sysroot exists before returning it
+			if _, err := os.Stat("/sysroot"); err == nil {
+				return "/sysroot"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 2. Check if /run/ostree is present (ostree-based systems like Silverblue)
+	if _, err := os.Stat("/run/ostree"); err == nil {
+		// Verify that /sysroot exists before returning it
+		if _, err := os.Stat("/sysroot"); err == nil {
+			return "/sysroot"
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "/"
+}

agent/disk_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,508 @@
+//go:build testing
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4/disk"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestParseFilesystemEntry(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		input        string
+		expectedFs   string
+		expectedName string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:         "simple device name",
+			input:        "sda1",
+			expectedFs:   "sda1",
+			expectedName: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "device with custom name",
+			input:        "sda1__my-storage",
+			expectedFs:   "sda1",
+			expectedName: "my-storage",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "full device path with custom name",
+			input:        "/dev/sdb1__backup-drive",
+			expectedFs:   "/dev/sdb1",
+			expectedName: "backup-drive",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "NVMe device with custom name",
+			input:        "nvme0n1p2__fast-ssd",
+			expectedFs:   "nvme0n1p2",
+			expectedName: "fast-ssd",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "whitespace trimmed",
+			input:        "  sda2__trimmed-name  ",
+			expectedFs:   "sda2",
+			expectedName: "trimmed-name",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "empty custom name",
+			input:        "sda3__",
+			expectedFs:   "sda3",
+			expectedName: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "empty device name",
+			input:        "__just-custom",
+			expectedFs:   "",
+			expectedName: "just-custom",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "multiple underscores in custom name",
+			input:        "sda1__my_custom_drive",
+			expectedFs:   "sda1",
+			expectedName: "my_custom_drive",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "custom name with spaces",
+			input:        "sda1__My Storage Drive",
+			expectedFs:   "sda1",
+			expectedName: "My Storage Drive",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			fsEntry := strings.TrimSpace(tt.input)
+			var fs, customName string
+			if parts := strings.SplitN(fsEntry, "__", 2); len(parts) == 2 {
+				fs = strings.TrimSpace(parts[0])
+				customName = strings.TrimSpace(parts[1])
+			} else {
+				fs = fsEntry
+			}
+
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedFs, fs)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedName, customName)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFindIoDevice(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("matches by device name", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ioCounters := map[string]disk.IOCountersStat{
+			"sda": {Name: "sda"},
+			"sdb": {Name: "sdb"},
+		}
+
+		device, ok := findIoDevice("sdb", ioCounters)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, "sdb", device)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("matches by device label", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ioCounters := map[string]disk.IOCountersStat{
+			"sda": {Name: "sda", Label: "rootfs"},
+			"sdb": {Name: "sdb"},
+		}
+
+		device, ok := findIoDevice("rootfs", ioCounters)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, "sda", device)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns no match when not found", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ioCounters := map[string]disk.IOCountersStat{
+			"sda": {Name: "sda"},
+			"sdb": {Name: "sdb"},
+		}
+
+		device, ok := findIoDevice("nvme0n1p1", ioCounters)
+		assert.False(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, "", device)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("uses uncertain unique prefix fallback", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ioCounters := map[string]disk.IOCountersStat{
+			"nvme0n1": {Name: "nvme0n1"},
+			"sda":     {Name: "sda"},
+		}
+
+		device, ok := findIoDevice("nvme0n1p2", ioCounters)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, "nvme0n1", device)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("uses dominant activity when prefix matches are ambiguous", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ioCounters := map[string]disk.IOCountersStat{
+			"sda": {Name: "sda", ReadBytes: 5000, WriteBytes: 5000, ReadCount: 100, WriteCount: 100},
+			"sdb": {Name: "sdb", ReadBytes: 1000, WriteBytes: 1000, ReadCount: 50, WriteCount: 50},
+		}
+
+		device, ok := findIoDevice("sd", ioCounters)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, "sda", device)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("uses highest activity when ambiguous without dominance", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ioCounters := map[string]disk.IOCountersStat{
+			"sda": {Name: "sda", ReadBytes: 3000, WriteBytes: 3000, ReadCount: 50, WriteCount: 50},
+			"sdb": {Name: "sdb", ReadBytes: 2500, WriteBytes: 2500, ReadCount: 40, WriteCount: 40},
+		}
+
+		device, ok := findIoDevice("sd", ioCounters)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, "sda", device)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("matches /dev/-prefixed partition to parent disk", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ioCounters := map[string]disk.IOCountersStat{
+			"nda0": {Name: "nda0", ReadBytes: 1000, WriteBytes: 1000},
+		}
+
+		device, ok := findIoDevice("/dev/nda0p2", ioCounters)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, "nda0", device)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("uses deterministic name tie-breaker", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ioCounters := map[string]disk.IOCountersStat{
+			"sdb": {Name: "sdb", ReadBytes: 2000, WriteBytes: 2000, ReadCount: 10, WriteCount: 10},
+			"sda": {Name: "sda", ReadBytes: 2000, WriteBytes: 2000, ReadCount: 10, WriteCount: 10},
+		}
+
+		device, ok := findIoDevice("sd", ioCounters)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, "sda", device)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestFilesystemMatchesPartitionSetting(t *testing.T) {
+	p := disk.PartitionStat{Device: "/dev/ada0p2", Mountpoint: "/"}
+
+	t.Run("matches mountpoint setting", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.True(t, filesystemMatchesPartitionSetting("/", p))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("matches exact partition setting", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.True(t, filesystemMatchesPartitionSetting("ada0p2", p))
+		assert.True(t, filesystemMatchesPartitionSetting("/dev/ada0p2", p))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("matches prefix-style parent setting", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.True(t, filesystemMatchesPartitionSetting("ada0", p))
+		assert.True(t, filesystemMatchesPartitionSetting("/dev/ada0", p))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("does not match unrelated device", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.False(t, filesystemMatchesPartitionSetting("sda", p))
+		assert.False(t, filesystemMatchesPartitionSetting("nvme0n1", p))
+		assert.False(t, filesystemMatchesPartitionSetting("", p))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestMostActiveIoDevice(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("returns most active device", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ioCounters := map[string]disk.IOCountersStat{
+			"nda0": {Name: "nda0", ReadBytes: 5000, WriteBytes: 5000, ReadCount: 100, WriteCount: 100},
+			"nda1": {Name: "nda1", ReadBytes: 1000, WriteBytes: 1000, ReadCount: 50, WriteCount: 50},
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, "nda0", mostActiveIoDevice(ioCounters))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("uses deterministic tie-breaker", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ioCounters := map[string]disk.IOCountersStat{
+			"sdb": {Name: "sdb", ReadBytes: 1000, WriteBytes: 1000, ReadCount: 10, WriteCount: 10},
+			"sda": {Name: "sda", ReadBytes: 1000, WriteBytes: 1000, ReadCount: 10, WriteCount: 10},
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, "sda", mostActiveIoDevice(ioCounters))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns empty for empty map", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Equal(t, "", mostActiveIoDevice(map[string]disk.IOCountersStat{}))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestIsDockerSpecialMountpoint(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name       string
+		mountpoint string
+		expected   bool
+	}{
+		{name: "hosts", mountpoint: "/etc/hosts", expected: true},
+		{name: "resolv", mountpoint: "/etc/resolv.conf", expected: true},
+		{name: "hostname", mountpoint: "/etc/hostname", expected: true},
+		{name: "root", mountpoint: "/", expected: false},
+		{name: "passwd", mountpoint: "/etc/passwd", expected: false},
+		{name: "extra-filesystem", mountpoint: "/extra-filesystems/sda1", expected: false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expected, isDockerSpecialMountpoint(tc.mountpoint))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInitializeDiskInfoWithCustomNames(t *testing.T) {
+	// Set up environment variables
+	oldEnv := os.Getenv("EXTRA_FILESYSTEMS")
+	defer func() {
+		if oldEnv != "" {
+			os.Setenv("EXTRA_FILESYSTEMS", oldEnv)
+		} else {
+			os.Unsetenv("EXTRA_FILESYSTEMS")
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Test with custom names
+	os.Setenv("EXTRA_FILESYSTEMS", "sda1__my-storage,/dev/sdb1__backup-drive,nvme0n1p2")
+
+	// Mock disk partitions (we'll just test the parsing logic)
+	// Since the actual disk operations are system-dependent, we'll focus on the parsing
+	testCases := []struct {
+		envValue      string
+		expectedFs    []string
+		expectedNames map[string]string
+	}{
+		{
+			envValue:   "sda1__my-storage,sdb1__backup-drive",
+			expectedFs: []string{"sda1", "sdb1"},
+			expectedNames: map[string]string{
+				"sda1": "my-storage",
+				"sdb1": "backup-drive",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			envValue:   "sda1,nvme0n1p2__fast-ssd",
+			expectedFs: []string{"sda1", "nvme0n1p2"},
+			expectedNames: map[string]string{
+				"nvme0n1p2": "fast-ssd",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run("env_"+tc.envValue, func(t *testing.T) {
+			os.Setenv("EXTRA_FILESYSTEMS", tc.envValue)
+
+			// Create mock partitions that would match our test cases
+			partitions := []disk.PartitionStat{}
+			for _, fs := range tc.expectedFs {
+				if strings.HasPrefix(fs, "/dev/") {
+					partitions = append(partitions, disk.PartitionStat{
+						Device:     fs,
+						Mountpoint: fs,
+					})
+				} else {
+					partitions = append(partitions, disk.PartitionStat{
+						Device:     "/dev/" + fs,
+						Mountpoint: "/" + fs,
+					})
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Test the parsing logic by calling the relevant part
+			// We'll create a simplified version to test just the parsing
+			extraFilesystems := tc.envValue
+			for _, fsEntry := range strings.Split(extraFilesystems, ",") {
+				// Parse the entry
+				fsEntry = strings.TrimSpace(fsEntry)
+				var fs, customName string
+				if parts := strings.SplitN(fsEntry, "__", 2); len(parts) == 2 {
+					fs = strings.TrimSpace(parts[0])
+					customName = strings.TrimSpace(parts[1])
+				} else {
+					fs = fsEntry
+				}
+
+				// Verify the device is in our expected list
+				assert.Contains(t, tc.expectedFs, fs, "parsed device should be in expected list")
+
+				// Check if custom name should exist
+				if expectedName, exists := tc.expectedNames[fs]; exists {
+					assert.Equal(t, expectedName, customName, "custom name should match expected")
+				} else {
+					assert.Empty(t, customName, "custom name should be empty when not expected")
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFsStatsWithCustomNames(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that FsStats properly stores custom names
+	fsStats := &system.FsStats{
+		Mountpoint: "/mnt/storage",
+		Name:       "my-custom-storage",
+		DiskTotal:  100.0,
+		DiskUsed:   50.0,
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "my-custom-storage", fsStats.Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "/mnt/storage", fsStats.Mountpoint)
+	assert.Equal(t, 100.0, fsStats.DiskTotal)
+	assert.Equal(t, 50.0, fsStats.DiskUsed)
+}
+
+func TestExtraFsKeyGeneration(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test the logic for generating ExtraFs keys with custom names
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name        string
+		deviceName  string
+		customName  string
+		expectedKey string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "with custom name",
+			deviceName:  "sda1",
+			customName:  "my-storage",
+			expectedKey: "my-storage",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "without custom name",
+			deviceName:  "sda1",
+			customName:  "",
+			expectedKey: "sda1",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "empty custom name falls back to device",
+			deviceName:  "nvme0n1p2",
+			customName:  "",
+			expectedKey: "nvme0n1p2",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Simulate the key generation logic from agent.go
+			key := tc.deviceName
+			if tc.customName != "" {
+				key = tc.customName
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expectedKey, key)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiskUsageCaching(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("caching disabled updates all filesystems", func(t *testing.T) {
+		agent := &Agent{
+			fsStats: map[string]*system.FsStats{
+				"sda": {Root: true, Mountpoint: "/"},
+				"sdb": {Root: false, Mountpoint: "/mnt/storage"},
+			},
+			diskUsageCacheDuration: 0, // caching disabled
+		}
+
+		var stats system.Stats
+		agent.updateDiskUsage(&stats)
+
+		// Both should be updated (non-zero values from disk.Usage)
+		// Root stats should be populated in systemStats
+		assert.True(t, agent.lastDiskUsageUpdate.IsZero() || !agent.lastDiskUsageUpdate.IsZero(),
+			"lastDiskUsageUpdate should be set when caching is disabled")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("caching enabled always updates root filesystem", func(t *testing.T) {
+		agent := &Agent{
+			fsStats: map[string]*system.FsStats{
+				"sda": {Root: true, Mountpoint: "/", DiskTotal: 100, DiskUsed: 50},
+				"sdb": {Root: false, Mountpoint: "/mnt/storage", DiskTotal: 200, DiskUsed: 100},
+			},
+			diskUsageCacheDuration: 1 * time.Hour,
+			lastDiskUsageUpdate:    time.Now(), // cache is fresh
+		}
+
+		// Store original extra fs values
+		originalExtraTotal := agent.fsStats["sdb"].DiskTotal
+		originalExtraUsed := agent.fsStats["sdb"].DiskUsed
+
+		var stats system.Stats
+		agent.updateDiskUsage(&stats)
+
+		// Root should be updated (systemStats populated from disk.Usage call)
+		// We can't easily check if disk.Usage was called, but we verify the flow works
+
+		// Extra filesystem should retain cached values (not reset)
+		assert.Equal(t, originalExtraTotal, agent.fsStats["sdb"].DiskTotal,
+			"extra filesystem DiskTotal should be unchanged when cached")
+		assert.Equal(t, originalExtraUsed, agent.fsStats["sdb"].DiskUsed,
+			"extra filesystem DiskUsed should be unchanged when cached")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("first call always updates all filesystems", func(t *testing.T) {
+		agent := &Agent{
+			fsStats: map[string]*system.FsStats{
+				"sda": {Root: true, Mountpoint: "/"},
+				"sdb": {Root: false, Mountpoint: "/mnt/storage"},
+			},
+			diskUsageCacheDuration: 1 * time.Hour,
+			// lastDiskUsageUpdate is zero (first call)
+		}
+
+		var stats system.Stats
+		agent.updateDiskUsage(&stats)
+
+		// After first call, lastDiskUsageUpdate should be set
+		assert.False(t, agent.lastDiskUsageUpdate.IsZero(),
+			"lastDiskUsageUpdate should be set after first call")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("expired cache updates extra filesystems", func(t *testing.T) {
+		agent := &Agent{
+			fsStats: map[string]*system.FsStats{
+				"sda": {Root: true, Mountpoint: "/"},
+				"sdb": {Root: false, Mountpoint: "/mnt/storage"},
+			},
+			diskUsageCacheDuration: 1 * time.Millisecond,
+			lastDiskUsageUpdate:    time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Second), // cache expired
+		}
+
+		var stats system.Stats
+		agent.updateDiskUsage(&stats)
+
+		// lastDiskUsageUpdate should be refreshed since cache expired
+		assert.True(t, time.Since(agent.lastDiskUsageUpdate) < time.Second,
+			"lastDiskUsageUpdate should be refreshed when cache expires")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestHasSameDiskUsage(t *testing.T) {
+	const toleranceBytes uint64 = 16 * 1024 * 1024
+
+	t.Run("returns true when totals and usage are equal", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := &disk.UsageStat{Total: 100 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024, Used: 42 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024}
+		b := &disk.UsageStat{Total: 100 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024, Used: 42 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024}
+		assert.True(t, hasSameDiskUsage(a, b))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns true within tolerance", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := &disk.UsageStat{Total: 100 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024, Used: 42 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024}
+		b := &disk.UsageStat{
+			Total: a.Total + toleranceBytes - 1,
+			Used:  a.Used - toleranceBytes + 1,
+		}
+		assert.True(t, hasSameDiskUsage(a, b))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns false when total exceeds tolerance", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := &disk.UsageStat{Total: 100 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024, Used: 42 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024}
+		b := &disk.UsageStat{
+			Total: a.Total + toleranceBytes + 1,
+			Used:  a.Used,
+		}
+		assert.False(t, hasSameDiskUsage(a, b))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns false for nil or zero total", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.False(t, hasSameDiskUsage(nil, &disk.UsageStat{Total: 1, Used: 1}))
+		assert.False(t, hasSameDiskUsage(&disk.UsageStat{Total: 1, Used: 1}, nil))
+		assert.False(t, hasSameDiskUsage(&disk.UsageStat{Total: 0, Used: 0}, &disk.UsageStat{Total: 1, Used: 1}))
+	})
+}

agent/docker.go

@@ -0,0 +1,841 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/deltatracker"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/utils"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/container"
+
+	"github.com/blang/semver"
+)
+
+// ansiEscapePattern matches ANSI escape sequences (colors, cursor movement, etc.)
+// This includes CSI sequences like \x1b[...m and simple escapes like \x1b[K
+var ansiEscapePattern = regexp.MustCompile(`\x1b\[[0-9;]*[a-zA-Z]|\x1b\][^\x07]*\x07|\x1b[@-Z\\-_]`)
+var dockerContainerIDPattern = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-fA-F0-9]{12,64}$`)
+
+const (
+	// Docker API timeout in milliseconds
+	dockerTimeoutMs = 2100
+	// Maximum realistic network speed (5 GB/s) to detect bad deltas
+	maxNetworkSpeedBps uint64 = 5e9
+	// Maximum conceivable memory usage of a container (100TB) to detect bad memory stats
+	maxMemoryUsage uint64 = 100 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024
+	// Number of log lines to request when fetching container logs
+	dockerLogsTail = 200
+	// Maximum size of a single log frame (1MB) to prevent memory exhaustion
+	// A single log line larger than 1MB is likely an error or misconfiguration
+	maxLogFrameSize = 1024 * 1024
+	// Maximum total log content size (5MB) to prevent memory exhaustion
+	// This provides a reasonable limit for network transfer and browser rendering
+	maxTotalLogSize = 5 * 1024 * 1024
+)
+
+type dockerManager struct {
+	client              *http.Client                // Client to query Docker API
+	wg                  sync.WaitGroup              // WaitGroup to wait for all goroutines to finish
+	sem                 chan struct{}               // Semaphore to limit concurrent container requests
+	containerStatsMutex sync.RWMutex                // Mutex to prevent concurrent access to containerStatsMap
+	apiContainerList    []*container.ApiInfo        // List of containers from Docker API
+	containerStatsMap   map[string]*container.Stats // Keeps track of container stats
+	validIds            map[string]struct{}         // Map of valid container ids, used to prune invalid containers from containerStatsMap
+	goodDockerVersion   bool                        // Whether docker version is at least 25.0.0 (one-shot works correctly)
+	isWindows           bool                        // Whether the Docker Engine API is running on Windows
+	buf                 *bytes.Buffer               // Buffer to store and read response bodies
+	decoder             *json.Decoder               // Reusable JSON decoder that reads from buf
+	apiStats            *container.ApiStats         // Reusable API stats object
+	excludeContainers   []string                    // Patterns to exclude containers by name
+	usingPodman         bool                        // Whether the Docker Engine API is running on Podman
+
+	// Cache-time-aware tracking for CPU stats (similar to cpu.go)
+	// Maps cache time intervals to container-specific CPU usage tracking
+	lastCpuContainer map[uint16]map[string]uint64    // cacheTimeMs -> containerId -> last cpu container usage
+	lastCpuSystem    map[uint16]map[string]uint64    // cacheTimeMs -> containerId -> last cpu system usage
+	lastCpuReadTime  map[uint16]map[string]time.Time // cacheTimeMs -> containerId -> last read time (Windows)
+
+	// Network delta trackers - one per cache time to avoid interference
+	// cacheTimeMs -> DeltaTracker for network bytes sent/received
+	networkSentTrackers map[uint16]*deltatracker.DeltaTracker[string, uint64]
+	networkRecvTrackers map[uint16]*deltatracker.DeltaTracker[string, uint64]
+	retrySleep          func(time.Duration)
+}
+
+// userAgentRoundTripper is a custom http.RoundTripper that adds a User-Agent header to all requests
+type userAgentRoundTripper struct {
+	rt        http.RoundTripper
+	userAgent string
+}
+
+// RoundTrip implements the http.RoundTripper interface
+func (u *userAgentRoundTripper) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", u.userAgent)
+	return u.rt.RoundTrip(req)
+}
+
+// Add goroutine to the queue
+func (d *dockerManager) queue() {
+	d.wg.Add(1)
+	if d.goodDockerVersion {
+		d.sem <- struct{}{}
+	}
+}
+
+// Remove goroutine from the queue
+func (d *dockerManager) dequeue() {
+	d.wg.Done()
+	if d.goodDockerVersion {
+		<-d.sem
+	}
+}
+
+// shouldExcludeContainer checks if a container name matches any exclusion pattern
+func (dm *dockerManager) shouldExcludeContainer(name string) bool {
+	if len(dm.excludeContainers) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, pattern := range dm.excludeContainers {
+		if match, _ := path.Match(pattern, name); match {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// Returns stats for all running containers with cache-time-aware delta tracking
+func (dm *dockerManager) getDockerStats(cacheTimeMs uint16) ([]*container.Stats, error) {
+	resp, err := dm.client.Get("http://localhost/containers/json")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	dm.apiContainerList = dm.apiContainerList[:0]
+	if err := dm.decode(resp, &dm.apiContainerList); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	dm.isWindows = strings.Contains(resp.Header.Get("Server"), "windows")
+
+	containersLength := len(dm.apiContainerList)
+
+	// store valid ids to clean up old container ids from map
+	if dm.validIds == nil {
+		dm.validIds = make(map[string]struct{}, containersLength)
+	} else {
+		clear(dm.validIds)
+	}
+
+	var failedContainers []*container.ApiInfo
+
+	for _, ctr := range dm.apiContainerList {
+		ctr.IdShort = ctr.Id[:12]
+
+		// Skip this container if it matches the exclusion pattern
+		if dm.shouldExcludeContainer(ctr.Names[0][1:]) {
+			slog.Debug("Excluding container", "name", ctr.Names[0][1:])
+			continue
+		}
+
+		dm.validIds[ctr.IdShort] = struct{}{}
+		// check if container is less than 1 minute old (possible restart)
+		// note: can't use Created field because it's not updated on restart
+		if strings.Contains(ctr.Status, "second") {
+			// if so, remove old container data
+			dm.deleteContainerStatsSync(ctr.IdShort)
+		}
+		dm.queue()
+		go func(ctr *container.ApiInfo) {
+			defer dm.dequeue()
+			err := dm.updateContainerStats(ctr, cacheTimeMs)
+			// if error, delete from map and add to failed list to retry
+			if err != nil {
+				dm.containerStatsMutex.Lock()
+				delete(dm.containerStatsMap, ctr.IdShort)
+				failedContainers = append(failedContainers, ctr)
+				dm.containerStatsMutex.Unlock()
+			}
+		}(ctr)
+	}
+
+	dm.wg.Wait()
+
+	// retry failed containers separately so we can run them in parallel (docker 24 bug)
+	if len(failedContainers) > 0 {
+		slog.Debug("Retrying failed containers", "count", len(failedContainers))
+		for i := range failedContainers {
+			ctr := failedContainers[i]
+			dm.queue()
+			go func(ctr *container.ApiInfo) {
+				defer dm.dequeue()
+				if err2 := dm.updateContainerStats(ctr, cacheTimeMs); err2 != nil {
+					slog.Error("Error getting container stats", "err", err2)
+				}
+			}(ctr)
+		}
+		dm.wg.Wait()
+	}
+
+	// populate final stats and remove old / invalid container stats
+	stats := make([]*container.Stats, 0, containersLength)
+	for id, v := range dm.containerStatsMap {
+		if _, exists := dm.validIds[id]; !exists {
+			delete(dm.containerStatsMap, id)
+		} else {
+			stats = append(stats, v)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// prepare network trackers for next interval for this cache time
+	dm.cycleNetworkDeltasForCacheTime(cacheTimeMs)
+
+	return stats, nil
+}
+
+// initializeCpuTracking initializes CPU tracking maps for a specific cache time interval
+func (dm *dockerManager) initializeCpuTracking(cacheTimeMs uint16) {
+	// Initialize cache time maps if they don't exist
+	if dm.lastCpuContainer[cacheTimeMs] == nil {
+		dm.lastCpuContainer[cacheTimeMs] = make(map[string]uint64)
+	}
+	if dm.lastCpuSystem[cacheTimeMs] == nil {
+		dm.lastCpuSystem[cacheTimeMs] = make(map[string]uint64)
+	}
+	// Ensure the outer map exists before indexing
+	if dm.lastCpuReadTime == nil {
+		dm.lastCpuReadTime = make(map[uint16]map[string]time.Time)
+	}
+	if dm.lastCpuReadTime[cacheTimeMs] == nil {
+		dm.lastCpuReadTime[cacheTimeMs] = make(map[string]time.Time)
+	}
+}
+
+// getCpuPreviousValues returns previous CPU values for a container and cache time interval
+func (dm *dockerManager) getCpuPreviousValues(cacheTimeMs uint16, containerId string) (uint64, uint64) {
+	return dm.lastCpuContainer[cacheTimeMs][containerId], dm.lastCpuSystem[cacheTimeMs][containerId]
+}
+
+// setCpuCurrentValues stores current CPU values for a container and cache time interval
+func (dm *dockerManager) setCpuCurrentValues(cacheTimeMs uint16, containerId string, cpuContainer, cpuSystem uint64) {
+	dm.lastCpuContainer[cacheTimeMs][containerId] = cpuContainer
+	dm.lastCpuSystem[cacheTimeMs][containerId] = cpuSystem
+}
+
+// calculateMemoryUsage calculates memory usage from Docker API stats
+func calculateMemoryUsage(apiStats *container.ApiStats, isWindows bool) (uint64, error) {
+	if isWindows {
+		return apiStats.MemoryStats.PrivateWorkingSet, nil
+	}
+
+	memCache := apiStats.MemoryStats.Stats.InactiveFile
+	if memCache == 0 {
+		memCache = apiStats.MemoryStats.Stats.Cache
+	}
+
+	usedDelta := apiStats.MemoryStats.Usage - memCache
+	if usedDelta <= 0 || usedDelta > maxMemoryUsage {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("bad memory stats")
+	}
+
+	return usedDelta, nil
+}
+
+// getNetworkTracker returns the DeltaTracker for a specific cache time, creating it if needed
+func (dm *dockerManager) getNetworkTracker(cacheTimeMs uint16, isSent bool) *deltatracker.DeltaTracker[string, uint64] {
+	var trackers map[uint16]*deltatracker.DeltaTracker[string, uint64]
+	if isSent {
+		trackers = dm.networkSentTrackers
+	} else {
+		trackers = dm.networkRecvTrackers
+	}
+
+	if trackers[cacheTimeMs] == nil {
+		trackers[cacheTimeMs] = deltatracker.NewDeltaTracker[string, uint64]()
+	}
+
+	return trackers[cacheTimeMs]
+}
+
+// cycleNetworkDeltasForCacheTime cycles the network delta trackers for a specific cache time
+func (dm *dockerManager) cycleNetworkDeltasForCacheTime(cacheTimeMs uint16) {
+	if dm.networkSentTrackers[cacheTimeMs] != nil {
+		dm.networkSentTrackers[cacheTimeMs].Cycle()
+	}
+	if dm.networkRecvTrackers[cacheTimeMs] != nil {
+		dm.networkRecvTrackers[cacheTimeMs].Cycle()
+	}
+}
+
+// calculateNetworkStats calculates network sent/receive deltas using DeltaTracker
+func (dm *dockerManager) calculateNetworkStats(ctr *container.ApiInfo, apiStats *container.ApiStats, stats *container.Stats, initialized bool, name string, cacheTimeMs uint16) (uint64, uint64) {
+	var total_sent, total_recv uint64
+	for _, v := range apiStats.Networks {
+		total_sent += v.TxBytes
+		total_recv += v.RxBytes
+	}
+
+	// Get the DeltaTracker for this specific cache time
+	sentTracker := dm.getNetworkTracker(cacheTimeMs, true)
+	recvTracker := dm.getNetworkTracker(cacheTimeMs, false)
+
+	// Set current values in the cache-time-specific DeltaTracker
+	sentTracker.Set(ctr.IdShort, total_sent)
+	recvTracker.Set(ctr.IdShort, total_recv)
+
+	// Get deltas (bytes since last measurement)
+	sent_delta_raw := sentTracker.Delta(ctr.IdShort)
+	recv_delta_raw := recvTracker.Delta(ctr.IdShort)
+
+	// Calculate bytes per second independently for Tx and Rx if we have previous data
+	var sent_delta, recv_delta uint64
+	if initialized {
+		millisecondsElapsed := uint64(time.Since(stats.PrevReadTime).Milliseconds())
+		if millisecondsElapsed > 0 {
+			if sent_delta_raw > 0 {
+				sent_delta = sent_delta_raw * 1000 / millisecondsElapsed
+				if sent_delta > maxNetworkSpeedBps {
+					slog.Warn("Bad network delta", "container", name)
+					sent_delta = 0
+				}
+			}
+			if recv_delta_raw > 0 {
+				recv_delta = recv_delta_raw * 1000 / millisecondsElapsed
+				if recv_delta > maxNetworkSpeedBps {
+					slog.Warn("Bad network delta", "container", name)
+					recv_delta = 0
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return sent_delta, recv_delta
+}
+
+// validateCpuPercentage checks if CPU percentage is within valid range
+func validateCpuPercentage(cpuPct float64, containerName string) error {
+	if cpuPct > 100 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s cpu pct greater than 100: %+v", containerName, cpuPct)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// updateContainerStatsValues updates the final stats values
+func updateContainerStatsValues(stats *container.Stats, cpuPct float64, usedMemory uint64, sent_delta, recv_delta uint64, readTime time.Time) {
+	stats.Cpu = utils.TwoDecimals(cpuPct)
+	stats.Mem = utils.BytesToMegabytes(float64(usedMemory))
+	stats.Bandwidth = [2]uint64{sent_delta, recv_delta}
+	// TODO(0.19+): stop populating NetworkSent/NetworkRecv (deprecated in 0.18.3)
+	stats.NetworkSent = utils.BytesToMegabytes(float64(sent_delta))
+	stats.NetworkRecv = utils.BytesToMegabytes(float64(recv_delta))
+	stats.PrevReadTime = readTime
+}
+
+func parseDockerStatus(status string) (string, container.DockerHealth) {
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(status)
+	if trimmed == "" {
+		return "", container.DockerHealthNone
+	}
+
+	// Remove "About " from status
+	trimmed = strings.Replace(trimmed, "About ", "", 1)
+
+	openIdx := strings.LastIndex(trimmed, "(")
+	if openIdx == -1 || !strings.HasSuffix(trimmed, ")") {
+		return trimmed, container.DockerHealthNone
+	}
+
+	statusText := strings.TrimSpace(trimmed[:openIdx])
+	if statusText == "" {
+		statusText = trimmed
+	}
+
+	healthText := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimSuffix(trimmed[openIdx+1:], ")")))
+	// Some Docker statuses include a "health:" prefix inside the parentheses.
+	// Strip it so it maps correctly to the known health states.
+	if colonIdx := strings.IndexRune(healthText, ':'); colonIdx != -1 {
+		prefix := strings.TrimSpace(healthText[:colonIdx])
+		if prefix == "health" || prefix == "health status" {
+			healthText = strings.TrimSpace(healthText[colonIdx+1:])
+		}
+	}
+	if health, ok := container.DockerHealthStrings[healthText]; ok {
+		return statusText, health
+	}
+
+	return trimmed, container.DockerHealthNone
+}
+
+// Updates stats for individual container with cache-time-aware delta tracking
+func (dm *dockerManager) updateContainerStats(ctr *container.ApiInfo, cacheTimeMs uint16) error {
+	name := ctr.Names[0][1:]
+
+	resp, err := dm.client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost/containers/%s/stats?stream=0&one-shot=1", ctr.IdShort))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	dm.containerStatsMutex.Lock()
+	defer dm.containerStatsMutex.Unlock()
+
+	// add empty values if they doesn't exist in map
+	stats, initialized := dm.containerStatsMap[ctr.IdShort]
+	if !initialized {
+		stats = &container.Stats{Name: name, Id: ctr.IdShort, Image: ctr.Image}
+		dm.containerStatsMap[ctr.IdShort] = stats
+	}
+
+	stats.Id = ctr.IdShort
+
+	statusText, health := parseDockerStatus(ctr.Status)
+	stats.Status = statusText
+	stats.Health = health
+
+	// reset current stats
+	stats.Cpu = 0
+	stats.Mem = 0
+	stats.Bandwidth = [2]uint64{0, 0}
+	// TODO(0.19+): stop populating NetworkSent/NetworkRecv (deprecated in 0.18.3)
+	stats.NetworkSent = 0
+	stats.NetworkRecv = 0
+
+	res := dm.apiStats
+	res.Networks = nil
+	if err := dm.decode(resp, res); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Initialize CPU tracking for this cache time interval
+	dm.initializeCpuTracking(cacheTimeMs)
+
+	// Get previous CPU values
+	prevCpuContainer, prevCpuSystem := dm.getCpuPreviousValues(cacheTimeMs, ctr.IdShort)
+
+	// Calculate CPU percentage based on platform
+	var cpuPct float64
+	if dm.isWindows {
+		prevRead := dm.lastCpuReadTime[cacheTimeMs][ctr.IdShort]
+		cpuPct = res.CalculateCpuPercentWindows(prevCpuContainer, prevRead)
+	} else {
+		cpuPct = res.CalculateCpuPercentLinux(prevCpuContainer, prevCpuSystem)
+	}
+
+	// Calculate memory usage
+	usedMemory, err := calculateMemoryUsage(res, dm.isWindows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s - %w - see https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/issues/144", name, err)
+	}
+
+	// Store current CPU stats for next calculation
+	currentCpuContainer := res.CPUStats.CPUUsage.TotalUsage
+	currentCpuSystem := res.CPUStats.SystemUsage
+	dm.setCpuCurrentValues(cacheTimeMs, ctr.IdShort, currentCpuContainer, currentCpuSystem)
+
+	// Validate CPU percentage
+	if err := validateCpuPercentage(cpuPct, name); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Calculate network stats using DeltaTracker
+	sent_delta, recv_delta := dm.calculateNetworkStats(ctr, res, stats, initialized, name, cacheTimeMs)
+
+	// Store current network values for legacy compatibility
+	var total_sent, total_recv uint64
+	for _, v := range res.Networks {
+		total_sent += v.TxBytes
+		total_recv += v.RxBytes
+	}
+	stats.PrevNet.Sent, stats.PrevNet.Recv = total_sent, total_recv
+
+	// Update final stats values
+	updateContainerStatsValues(stats, cpuPct, usedMemory, sent_delta, recv_delta, res.Read)
+	// store per-cache-time read time for Windows CPU percent calc
+	dm.lastCpuReadTime[cacheTimeMs][ctr.IdShort] = res.Read
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Delete container stats from map using mutex
+func (dm *dockerManager) deleteContainerStatsSync(id string) {
+	dm.containerStatsMutex.Lock()
+	defer dm.containerStatsMutex.Unlock()
+	delete(dm.containerStatsMap, id)
+	for ct := range dm.lastCpuContainer {
+		delete(dm.lastCpuContainer[ct], id)
+	}
+	for ct := range dm.lastCpuSystem {
+		delete(dm.lastCpuSystem[ct], id)
+	}
+	for ct := range dm.lastCpuReadTime {
+		delete(dm.lastCpuReadTime[ct], id)
+	}
+}
+
+// Creates a new http client for Docker or Podman API
+func newDockerManager() *dockerManager {
+	dockerHost, exists := utils.GetEnv("DOCKER_HOST")
+	if exists {
+		// return nil if set to empty string
+		if dockerHost == "" {
+			return nil
+		}
+	} else {
+		dockerHost = getDockerHost()
+	}
+
+	parsedURL, err := url.Parse(dockerHost)
+	if err != nil {
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	transport := &http.Transport{
+		DisableCompression: true,
+		MaxConnsPerHost:    0,
+	}
+
+	switch parsedURL.Scheme {
+	case "unix":
+		transport.DialContext = func(ctx context.Context, proto, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			return (&net.Dialer{}).DialContext(ctx, "unix", parsedURL.Path)
+		}
+	case "tcp", "http", "https":
+		transport.DialContext = func(ctx context.Context, proto, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			return (&net.Dialer{}).DialContext(ctx, "tcp", parsedURL.Host)
+		}
+	default:
+		slog.Error("Invalid DOCKER_HOST", "scheme", parsedURL.Scheme)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	// configurable timeout
+	timeout := time.Millisecond * time.Duration(dockerTimeoutMs)
+	if t, set := utils.GetEnv("DOCKER_TIMEOUT"); set {
+		timeout, err = time.ParseDuration(t)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Error(err.Error())
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+		slog.Info("DOCKER_TIMEOUT", "timeout", timeout)
+	}
+
+	// Custom user-agent to avoid docker bug: https://github.com/docker/for-mac/issues/7575
+	userAgentTransport := &userAgentRoundTripper{
+		rt:        transport,
+		userAgent: "Docker-Client/",
+	}
+
+	// Read container exclusion patterns from environment variable
+	var excludeContainers []string
+	if excludeStr, set := utils.GetEnv("EXCLUDE_CONTAINERS"); set && excludeStr != "" {
+		parts := strings.SplitSeq(excludeStr, ",")
+		for part := range parts {
+			trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(part)
+			if trimmed != "" {
+				excludeContainers = append(excludeContainers, trimmed)
+			}
+		}
+		slog.Info("EXCLUDE_CONTAINERS", "patterns", excludeContainers)
+	}
+
+	manager := &dockerManager{
+		client: &http.Client{
+			Timeout:   timeout,
+			Transport: userAgentTransport,
+		},
+		containerStatsMap: make(map[string]*container.Stats),
+		sem:               make(chan struct{}, 5),
+		apiContainerList:  []*container.ApiInfo{},
+		apiStats:          &container.ApiStats{},
+		excludeContainers: excludeContainers,
+
+		// Initialize cache-time-aware tracking structures
+		lastCpuContainer:    make(map[uint16]map[string]uint64),
+		lastCpuSystem:       make(map[uint16]map[string]uint64),
+		lastCpuReadTime:     make(map[uint16]map[string]time.Time),
+		networkSentTrackers: make(map[uint16]*deltatracker.DeltaTracker[string, uint64]),
+		networkRecvTrackers: make(map[uint16]*deltatracker.DeltaTracker[string, uint64]),
+		retrySleep:          time.Sleep,
+	}
+
+	// If using podman, return client
+	if strings.Contains(dockerHost, "podman") {
+		manager.usingPodman = true
+		manager.goodDockerVersion = true
+		return manager
+	}
+
+	// run version check in goroutine to avoid blocking (server may not be ready and requires retries)
+	go manager.checkDockerVersion()
+
+	// give version check a chance to complete before returning
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	return manager
+}
+
+// checkDockerVersion checks Docker version and sets goodDockerVersion if at least 25.0.0.
+// Versions before 25.0.0 have a bug with one-shot which requires all requests to be made in one batch.
+func (dm *dockerManager) checkDockerVersion() {
+	var err error
+	var resp *http.Response
+	var versionInfo struct {
+		Version string `json:"Version"`
+	}
+	const versionMaxTries = 2
+	for i := 1; i <= versionMaxTries; i++ {
+		resp, err = dm.client.Get("http://localhost/version")
+		if err == nil && resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK {
+			break
+		}
+		if resp != nil {
+			resp.Body.Close()
+		}
+		if i < versionMaxTries {
+			slog.Debug("Failed to get Docker version; retrying", "attempt", i, "err", err, "response", resp)
+			dm.retrySleep(5 * time.Second)
+		}
+	}
+	if err != nil || resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := dm.decode(resp, &versionInfo); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	// if version > 24, one-shot works correctly and we can limit concurrent operations
+	if dockerVersion, err := semver.Parse(versionInfo.Version); err == nil && dockerVersion.Major > 24 {
+		dm.goodDockerVersion = true
+	} else {
+		slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("Docker %s is outdated. Upgrade if possible. See https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/issues/58", versionInfo.Version))
+	}
+}
+
+// Decodes Docker API JSON response using a reusable buffer and decoder. Not thread safe.
+func (dm *dockerManager) decode(resp *http.Response, d any) error {
+	if dm.buf == nil {
+		// initialize buffer with 256kb starting size
+		dm.buf = bytes.NewBuffer(make([]byte, 0, 1024*256))
+		dm.decoder = json.NewDecoder(dm.buf)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	defer dm.buf.Reset()
+	_, err := dm.buf.ReadFrom(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return dm.decoder.Decode(d)
+}
+
+// Test docker / podman sockets and return if one exists
+func getDockerHost() string {
+	scheme := "unix://"
+	socks := []string{"/var/run/docker.sock", fmt.Sprintf("/run/user/%v/podman/podman.sock", os.Getuid())}
+	for _, sock := range socks {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(sock); err == nil {
+			return scheme + sock
+		}
+	}
+	return scheme + socks[0]
+}
+
+func validateContainerID(containerID string) error {
+	if !dockerContainerIDPattern.MatchString(containerID) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid container id")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func buildDockerContainerEndpoint(containerID, action string, query url.Values) (string, error) {
+	if err := validateContainerID(containerID); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	u := &url.URL{
+		Scheme: "http",
+		Host:   "localhost",
+		Path:   fmt.Sprintf("/containers/%s/%s", url.PathEscape(containerID), action),
+	}
+	if len(query) > 0 {
+		u.RawQuery = query.Encode()
+	}
+	return u.String(), nil
+}
+
+// getContainerInfo fetches the inspection data for a container
+func (dm *dockerManager) getContainerInfo(ctx context.Context, containerID string) ([]byte, error) {
+	endpoint, err := buildDockerContainerEndpoint(containerID, "json", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, endpoint, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	resp, err := dm.client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1024))
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("container info request failed: %s: %s", resp.Status, strings.TrimSpace(string(body)))
+	}
+
+	// Remove sensitive environment variables from Config.Env
+	var containerInfo map[string]any
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&containerInfo); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if config, ok := containerInfo["Config"].(map[string]any); ok {
+		delete(config, "Env")
+	}
+
+	return json.Marshal(containerInfo)
+}
+
+// getLogs fetches the logs for a container
+func (dm *dockerManager) getLogs(ctx context.Context, containerID string) (string, error) {
+	query := url.Values{
+		"stdout": []string{"1"},
+		"stderr": []string{"1"},
+		"tail":   []string{fmt.Sprintf("%d", dockerLogsTail)},
+	}
+	endpoint, err := buildDockerContainerEndpoint(containerID, "logs", query)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, endpoint, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	resp, err := dm.client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1024))
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("logs request failed: %s: %s", resp.Status, strings.TrimSpace(string(body)))
+	}
+
+	var builder strings.Builder
+	contentType := resp.Header.Get("Content-Type")
+	multiplexed := strings.HasSuffix(contentType, "multiplexed-stream")
+	logReader := io.Reader(resp.Body)
+	if !multiplexed {
+		// Podman may return multiplexed logs without Content-Type. Sniff the first frame header
+		// with a small buffered reader only when the header check fails.
+		bufferedReader := bufio.NewReaderSize(resp.Body, 8)
+		multiplexed = detectDockerMultiplexedStream(bufferedReader)
+		logReader = bufferedReader
+	}
+	if err := decodeDockerLogStream(logReader, &builder, multiplexed); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	// Strip ANSI escape sequences from logs for clean display in web UI
+	logs := builder.String()
+	if strings.Contains(logs, "\x1b") {
+		logs = ansiEscapePattern.ReplaceAllString(logs, "")
+	}
+	return logs, nil
+}
+
+func detectDockerMultiplexedStream(reader *bufio.Reader) bool {
+	const headerSize = 8
+	header, err := reader.Peek(headerSize)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if header[0] != 0x01 && header[0] != 0x02 {
+		return false
+	}
+	// Docker's stream framing header reserves bytes 1-3 as zero.
+	if header[1] != 0 || header[2] != 0 || header[3] != 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	frameLen := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(header[4:])
+	return frameLen <= maxLogFrameSize
+}
+
+func decodeDockerLogStream(reader io.Reader, builder *strings.Builder, multiplexed bool) error {
+	if !multiplexed {
+		_, err := io.Copy(builder, io.LimitReader(reader, maxTotalLogSize))
+		return err
+	}
+	const headerSize = 8
+	var header [headerSize]byte
+	totalBytesRead := 0
+
+	for {
+		if _, err := io.ReadFull(reader, header[:]); err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) || errors.Is(err, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF) {
+				return nil
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+
+		frameLen := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(header[4:])
+		if frameLen == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Prevent memory exhaustion from excessively large frames
+		if frameLen > maxLogFrameSize {
+			return fmt.Errorf("log frame size (%d) exceeds maximum (%d)", frameLen, maxLogFrameSize)
+		}
+
+		// Check if reading this frame would exceed total log size limit
+		if totalBytesRead+int(frameLen) > maxTotalLogSize {
+			// Read and discard remaining data to avoid blocking
+			_, _ = io.CopyN(io.Discard, reader, int64(frameLen))
+			slog.Debug("Truncating logs: limit reached", "read", totalBytesRead, "limit", maxTotalLogSize)
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		n, err := io.CopyN(builder, reader, int64(frameLen))
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) || errors.Is(err, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF) {
+				return nil
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+		totalBytesRead += int(n)
+	}
+}
+
+// GetHostInfo fetches the system info from Docker
+func (dm *dockerManager) GetHostInfo() (info container.HostInfo, err error) {
+	resp, err := dm.client.Get("http://localhost/info")
+	if err != nil {
+		return info, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&info); err != nil {
+		return info, err
+	}
+
+	return info, nil
+}
+
+func (dm *dockerManager) IsPodman() bool {
+	return dm.usingPodman
+}

agent/emmc_common.go

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func isEmmcBlockName(name string) bool {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(name, "mmcblk") {
+		return false
+	}
+	suffix := strings.TrimPrefix(name, "mmcblk")
+	if suffix == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, c := range suffix {
+		if c < '0' || c > '9' {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func parseHexOrDecByte(s string) (uint8, bool) {
+	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
+	if s == "" {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	base := 10
+	if strings.HasPrefix(s, "0x") || strings.HasPrefix(s, "0X") {
+		base = 16
+		s = s[2:]
+	}
+	parsed, err := strconv.ParseUint(s, base, 8)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	return uint8(parsed), true
+}
+
+func parseHexBytePair(s string) (uint8, uint8, bool) {
+	fields := strings.Fields(s)
+	if len(fields) < 2 {
+		return 0, 0, false
+	}
+	a, okA := parseHexOrDecByte(fields[0])
+	b, okB := parseHexOrDecByte(fields[1])
+	if !okA && !okB {
+		return 0, 0, false
+	}
+	return a, b, true
+}
+
+func emmcSmartStatus(preEOL uint8) string {
+	switch preEOL {
+	case 0x01:
+		return "PASSED"
+	case 0x02:
+		return "WARNING"
+	case 0x03:
+		return "FAILED"
+	default:
+		return "UNKNOWN"
+	}
+}
+
+func emmcPreEOLString(preEOL uint8) string {
+	switch preEOL {
+	case 0x01:
+		return "0x01 (normal)"
+	case 0x02:
+		return "0x02 (warning)"
+	case 0x03:
+		return "0x03 (urgent)"
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("0x%02x", preEOL)
+	}
+}
+
+func emmcLifeTimeString(v uint8) string {
+	// JEDEC eMMC: 0x01..0x0A => 0-100% used in 10% steps, 0x0B => exceeded.
+	switch {
+	case v == 0:
+		return "0x00 (not reported)"
+	case v >= 0x01 && v <= 0x0A:
+		low := int(v-1) * 10
+		high := int(v) * 10
+		return fmt.Sprintf("0x%02x (%d-%d%% used)", v, low, high)
+	case v == 0x0B:
+		return "0x0b (>100% used)"
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("0x%02x", v)
+	}
+}

agent/emmc_common_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package agent
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestParseHexOrDecByte(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		in   string
+		want uint8
+		ok   bool
+	}{
+		{"0x01", 1, true},
+		{"0X0b", 11, true},
+		{"01", 1, true},
+		{" 3 ", 3, true},
+		{"", 0, false},
+		{"0x", 0, false},
+		{"nope", 0, false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		got, ok := parseHexOrDecByte(tt.in)
+		if ok != tt.ok || got != tt.want {
+			t.Fatalf("parseHexOrDecByte(%q) = (%d,%v), want (%d,%v)", tt.in, got, ok, tt.want, tt.ok)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseHexBytePair(t *testing.T) {
+	a, b, ok := parseHexBytePair("0x01 0x02\n")
+	if !ok || a != 1 || b != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("parseHexBytePair hex = (%d,%d,%v), want (1,2,true)", a, b, ok)
+	}
+
+	a, b, ok = parseHexBytePair("01 02")
+	if !ok || a != 1 || b != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("parseHexBytePair dec = (%d,%d,%v), want (1,2,true)", a, b, ok)
+	}
+
+	_, _, ok = parseHexBytePair("0x01")
+	if ok {
+		t.Fatalf("parseHexBytePair short input ok=true, want false")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEmmcSmartStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := emmcSmartStatus(0x01); got != "PASSED" {
+		t.Fatalf("emmcSmartStatus(0x01) = %q, want PASSED", got)
+	}
+	if got := emmcSmartStatus(0x02); got != "WARNING" {
+		t.Fatalf("emmcSmartStatus(0x02) = %q, want WARNING", got)
+	}
+	if got := emmcSmartStatus(0x03); got != "FAILED" {
+		t.Fatalf("emmcSmartStatus(0x03) = %q, want FAILED", got)
+	}
+	if got := emmcSmartStatus(0x00); got != "UNKNOWN" {
+		t.Fatalf("emmcSmartStatus(0x00) = %q, want UNKNOWN", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsEmmcBlockName(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		ok   bool
+	}{
+		{"mmcblk0", true},
+		{"mmcblk1", true},
+		{"mmcblk10", true},
+		{"mmcblk0p1", false},
+		{"sda", false},
+		{"mmcblk", false},
+		{"mmcblkA", false},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		if got := isEmmcBlockName(c.name); got != c.ok {
+			t.Fatalf("isEmmcBlockName(%q) = %v, want %v", c.name, got, c.ok)
+		}
+	}
+}

agent/emmc_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/utils"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/smart"
+)
+
+// emmcSysfsRoot is a test hook; production value is "/sys".
+var emmcSysfsRoot = "/sys"
+
+type emmcHealth struct {
+	model    string
+	serial   string
+	revision string
+	capacity uint64
+	preEOL   uint8
+	lifeA    uint8
+	lifeB    uint8
+}
+
+func scanEmmcDevices() []*DeviceInfo {
+	blockDir := filepath.Join(emmcSysfsRoot, "class", "block")
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(blockDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	devices := make([]*DeviceInfo, 0, 2)
+	for _, ent := range entries {
+		name := ent.Name()
+		if !isEmmcBlockName(name) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		deviceDir := filepath.Join(blockDir, name, "device")
+		if !hasEmmcHealthFiles(deviceDir) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		devPath := filepath.Join("/dev", name)
+		devices = append(devices, &DeviceInfo{
+			Name:     devPath,
+			Type:     "emmc",
+			InfoName: devPath + " [eMMC]",
+			Protocol: "MMC",
+		})
+	}
+
+	return devices
+}
+
+func (sm *SmartManager) collectEmmcHealth(deviceInfo *DeviceInfo) (bool, error) {
+	if deviceInfo == nil || deviceInfo.Name == "" {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	base := filepath.Base(deviceInfo.Name)
+	if !isEmmcBlockName(base) && !strings.EqualFold(deviceInfo.Type, "emmc") && !strings.EqualFold(deviceInfo.Type, "mmc") {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	health, ok := readEmmcHealth(base)
+	if !ok {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	// Normalize the device type to keep pruning logic stable across refreshes.
+	deviceInfo.Type = "emmc"
+
+	key := health.serial
+	if key == "" {
+		key = filepath.Join("/dev", base)
+	}
+
+	status := emmcSmartStatus(health.preEOL)
+
+	attrs := []*smart.SmartAttribute{
+		{
+			Name:      "PreEOLInfo",
+			RawValue:  uint64(health.preEOL),
+			RawString: emmcPreEOLString(health.preEOL),
+		},
+		{
+			Name:      "DeviceLifeTimeEstA",
+			RawValue:  uint64(health.lifeA),
+			RawString: emmcLifeTimeString(health.lifeA),
+		},
+		{
+			Name:      "DeviceLifeTimeEstB",
+			RawValue:  uint64(health.lifeB),
+			RawString: emmcLifeTimeString(health.lifeB),
+		},
+	}
+
+	sm.Lock()
+	defer sm.Unlock()
+
+	if _, exists := sm.SmartDataMap[key]; !exists {
+		sm.SmartDataMap[key] = &smart.SmartData{}
+	}
+
+	data := sm.SmartDataMap[key]
+	data.ModelName = health.model
+	data.SerialNumber = health.serial
+	data.FirmwareVersion = health.revision
+	data.Capacity = health.capacity
+	data.Temperature = 0
+	data.SmartStatus = status
+	data.DiskName = filepath.Join("/dev", base)
+	data.DiskType = "emmc"
+	data.Attributes = attrs
+
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func readEmmcHealth(blockName string) (emmcHealth, bool) {
+	var out emmcHealth
+
+	if !isEmmcBlockName(blockName) {
+		return out, false
+	}
+
+	deviceDir := filepath.Join(emmcSysfsRoot, "class", "block", blockName, "device")
+	preEOL, okPre := readHexByteFile(filepath.Join(deviceDir, "pre_eol_info"))
+
+	// Some kernels expose EXT_CSD lifetime via "life_time" (two bytes), others as
+	// separate files. Support both.
+	lifeA, lifeB, okLife := readLifeTime(deviceDir)
+
+	if !okPre && !okLife {
+		return out, false
+	}
+
+	out.preEOL = preEOL
+	out.lifeA = lifeA
+	out.lifeB = lifeB
+
+	out.model = utils.ReadStringFile(filepath.Join(deviceDir, "name"))
+	out.serial = utils.ReadStringFile(filepath.Join(deviceDir, "serial"))
+	out.revision = utils.ReadStringFile(filepath.Join(deviceDir, "prv"))
+
+	if capBytes, ok := readBlockCapacityBytes(blockName); ok {
+		out.capacity = capBytes
+	}
+
+	return out, true
+}
+
+func readLifeTime(deviceDir string) (uint8, uint8, bool) {
+	if content, ok := utils.ReadStringFileOK(filepath.Join(deviceDir, "life_time")); ok {
+		a, b, ok := parseHexBytePair(content)
+		return a, b, ok
+	}
+
+	a, okA := readHexByteFile(filepath.Join(deviceDir, "device_life_time_est_typ_a"))
+	b, okB := readHexByteFile(filepath.Join(deviceDir, "device_life_time_est_typ_b"))
+	if okA || okB {
+		return a, b, true
+	}
+	return 0, 0, false
+}
+
+func readBlockCapacityBytes(blockName string) (uint64, bool) {
+	sizePath := filepath.Join(emmcSysfsRoot, "class", "block", blockName, "size")
+	lbsPath := filepath.Join(emmcSysfsRoot, "class", "block", blockName, "queue", "logical_block_size")
+
+	sizeStr, ok := utils.ReadStringFileOK(sizePath)
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	sectors, err := strconv.ParseUint(sizeStr, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil || sectors == 0 {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+
+	lbsStr, ok := utils.ReadStringFileOK(lbsPath)
+	logicalBlockSize := uint64(512)
+	if ok {
+		if parsed, err := strconv.ParseUint(lbsStr, 10, 64); err == nil && parsed > 0 {
+			logicalBlockSize = parsed
+		}
+	}
+
+	return sectors * logicalBlockSize, true
+}
+
+func readHexByteFile(path string) (uint8, bool) {
+	content, ok := utils.ReadStringFileOK(path)
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	b, ok := parseHexOrDecByte(content)
+	return b, ok
+}
+
+func hasEmmcHealthFiles(deviceDir string) bool {
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(deviceDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, ent := range entries {
+		switch ent.Name() {
+		case "pre_eol_info", "life_time", "device_life_time_est_typ_a", "device_life_time_est_typ_b":
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

agent/emmc_linux_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/smart"
+)
+
+func TestEmmcMockSysfsScanAndCollect(t *testing.T) {
+	tmp := t.TempDir()
+	prev := emmcSysfsRoot
+	emmcSysfsRoot = tmp
+	t.Cleanup(func() { emmcSysfsRoot = prev })
+
+	// Fake: /sys/class/block/mmcblk0
+	mmcDeviceDir := filepath.Join(tmp, "class", "block", "mmcblk0", "device")
+	mmcQueueDir := filepath.Join(tmp, "class", "block", "mmcblk0", "queue")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(mmcDeviceDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(mmcQueueDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	write := func(path, content string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(content), 0o644); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	write(filepath.Join(mmcDeviceDir, "pre_eol_info"), "0x02\n")
+	write(filepath.Join(mmcDeviceDir, "life_time"), "0x04 0x05\n")
+	write(filepath.Join(mmcDeviceDir, "name"), "H26M52103FMR\n")
+	write(filepath.Join(mmcDeviceDir, "serial"), "01234567\n")
+	write(filepath.Join(mmcDeviceDir, "prv"), "0x08\n")
+	write(filepath.Join(mmcQueueDir, "logical_block_size"), "512\n")
+	write(filepath.Join(tmp, "class", "block", "mmcblk0", "size"), "1024\n") // sectors
+
+	devs := scanEmmcDevices()
+	if len(devs) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("scanEmmcDevices() = %d devices, want 1", len(devs))
+	}
+	if devs[0].Name != "/dev/mmcblk0" || devs[0].Type != "emmc" {
+		t.Fatalf("scanEmmcDevices()[0] = %+v, want Name=/dev/mmcblk0 Type=emmc", devs[0])
+	}
+
+	sm := &SmartManager{SmartDataMap: map[string]*smart.SmartData{}}
+	ok, err := sm.collectEmmcHealth(devs[0])
+	if err != nil || !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("collectEmmcHealth() = (ok=%v, err=%v), want (true,nil)", ok, err)
+	}
+	if len(sm.SmartDataMap) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("SmartDataMap len=%d, want 1", len(sm.SmartDataMap))
+	}
+	var got *smart.SmartData
+	for _, v := range sm.SmartDataMap {
+		got = v
+		break
+	}
+	if got == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SmartDataMap value nil")
+	}
+	if got.DiskType != "emmc" || got.DiskName != "/dev/mmcblk0" {
+		t.Fatalf("disk fields = (type=%q name=%q), want (emmc,/dev/mmcblk0)", got.DiskType, got.DiskName)
+	}
+	if got.SmartStatus != "WARNING" {
+		t.Fatalf("SmartStatus=%q, want WARNING", got.SmartStatus)
+	}
+	if got.SerialNumber != "01234567" || got.ModelName == "" || got.Capacity == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("identity fields = (model=%q serial=%q cap=%d), want non-empty model, serial 01234567, cap>0", got.ModelName, got.SerialNumber, got.Capacity)
+	}
+	if len(got.Attributes) < 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("attributes len=%d, want >= 3", len(got.Attributes))
+	}
+}

agent/emmc_stub.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package agent
+
+// Non-Linux builds: eMMC health via sysfs is not available.
+
+func scanEmmcDevices() []*DeviceInfo {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (sm *SmartManager) collectEmmcHealth(deviceInfo *DeviceInfo) (bool, error) {
+	return false, nil
+}
+

agent/fingerprint.go

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4/cpu"
+	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4/host"
+)
+
+const fingerprintFileName = "fingerprint"
+
+// knownBadUUID is a commonly known "product_uuid" that is not unique across systems.
+const knownBadUUID = "03000200-0400-0500-0006-000700080009"
+
+// GetFingerprint returns the agent fingerprint. It first tries to read a saved
+// fingerprint from the data directory. If not found (or dataDir is empty), it
+// generates one from system properties. The hostname and cpuModel parameters are
+// used as fallback material if host.HostID() fails. If either is empty, they
+// are fetched from the system automatically.
+//
+// If a new fingerprint is generated and a dataDir is provided, it is saved.
+func GetFingerprint(dataDir, hostname, cpuModel string) string {
+	if dataDir != "" {
+		if fp, err := readFingerprint(dataDir); err == nil {
+			return fp
+		}
+	}
+	fp := generateFingerprint(hostname, cpuModel)
+	if dataDir != "" {
+		_ = SaveFingerprint(dataDir, fp)
+	}
+	return fp
+}
+
+// generateFingerprint creates a fingerprint from system properties.
+// It tries host.HostID() first, falling back to hostname + cpuModel.
+// If hostname or cpuModel are empty, they are fetched from the system.
+func generateFingerprint(hostname, cpuModel string) string {
+	fingerprint, err := host.HostID()
+	if err != nil || fingerprint == "" || fingerprint == knownBadUUID {
+		if hostname == "" {
+			hostname, _ = os.Hostname()
+		}
+		if cpuModel == "" {
+			if info, err := cpu.Info(); err == nil && len(info) > 0 {
+				cpuModel = info[0].ModelName
+			}
+		}
+		fingerprint = hostname + cpuModel
+	}
+
+	sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(fingerprint))
+	return hex.EncodeToString(sum[:24])
+}
+
+// readFingerprint reads the saved fingerprint from the data directory.
+func readFingerprint(dataDir string) (string, error) {
+	fp, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dataDir, fingerprintFileName))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	s := strings.TrimSpace(string(fp))
+	if s == "" {
+		return "", errors.New("fingerprint file is empty")
+	}
+	return s, nil
+}
+
+// SaveFingerprint writes the fingerprint to the data directory.
+func SaveFingerprint(dataDir, fingerprint string) error {
+	return os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dataDir, fingerprintFileName), []byte(fingerprint), 0o644)
+}
+
+// DeleteFingerprint removes the saved fingerprint file from the data directory.
+// Returns nil if the file does not exist (idempotent).
+func DeleteFingerprint(dataDir string) error {
+	err := os.Remove(filepath.Join(dataDir, fingerprintFileName))
+	if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return err
+}

agent/fingerprint_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+//go:build testing
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestGetFingerprint(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("reads existing fingerprint from file", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		expected := "abc123def456"
+		err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, fingerprintFileName), []byte(expected), 0644)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		fp := GetFingerprint(dir, "", "")
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, fp)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("trims whitespace from file", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, fingerprintFileName), []byte("  abc123  \n"), 0644)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		fp := GetFingerprint(dir, "", "")
+		assert.Equal(t, "abc123", fp)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("generates fingerprint when file does not exist", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		fp := GetFingerprint(dir, "", "")
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, fp)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("generates fingerprint when dataDir is empty", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fp := GetFingerprint("", "", "")
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, fp)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("generates consistent fingerprint for same inputs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fp1 := GetFingerprint("", "myhost", "mycpu")
+		fp2 := GetFingerprint("", "myhost", "mycpu")
+		assert.Equal(t, fp1, fp2)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("prefers saved fingerprint over generated", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		require.NoError(t, SaveFingerprint(dir, "saved-fp"))
+
+		fp := GetFingerprint(dir, "anyhost", "anycpu")
+		assert.Equal(t, "saved-fp", fp)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSaveFingerprint(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("saves fingerprint to file", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		err := SaveFingerprint(dir, "abc123")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		content, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, fingerprintFileName))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "abc123", string(content))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("overwrites existing fingerprint", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		require.NoError(t, SaveFingerprint(dir, "old"))
+		require.NoError(t, SaveFingerprint(dir, "new"))
+
+		content, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, fingerprintFileName))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "new", string(content))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDeleteFingerprint(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("deletes existing fingerprint", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		fp := filepath.Join(dir, fingerprintFileName)
+		err := os.WriteFile(fp, []byte("abc123"), 0644)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		err = DeleteFingerprint(dir)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Verify file is gone
+		_, err = os.Stat(fp)
+		assert.True(t, os.IsNotExist(err))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no error when file does not exist", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		err := DeleteFingerprint(dir)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+}

agent/gpu.go

@@ -0,0 +1,763 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"maps"
+	"os/exec"
+	"regexp"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/utils"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Commands
+	nvidiaSmiCmd    string = "nvidia-smi"
+	rocmSmiCmd      string = "rocm-smi"
+	tegraStatsCmd   string = "tegrastats"
+	nvtopCmd        string = "nvtop"
+	powermetricsCmd string = "powermetrics"
+	macmonCmd       string = "macmon"
+	noGPUFoundMsg   string = "no GPU found - see https://beszel.dev/guide/gpu"
+
+	// Command retry and timeout constants
+	retryWaitTime     time.Duration = 5 * time.Second
+	maxFailureRetries int           = 5
+
+	// Unit Conversions
+	mebibytesInAMegabyte float64 = 1.024  // nvidia-smi reports memory in MiB
+	milliwattsInAWatt    float64 = 1000.0 // tegrastats reports power in mW
+)
+
+// GPUManager manages data collection for GPUs (either Nvidia or AMD)
+type GPUManager struct {
+	sync.Mutex
+	GpuDataMap map[string]*system.GPUData
+	// lastAvgData stores the last calculated averages for each GPU
+	// Used when a collection happens before new data arrives (Count == 0)
+	lastAvgData map[string]system.GPUData
+	// Per-cache-key tracking for delta calculations
+	// cacheKey -> gpuId -> snapshot of last count/usage/power values
+	lastSnapshots map[uint16]map[string]*gpuSnapshot
+}
+
+// gpuSnapshot stores the last observed incremental values for delta tracking
+type gpuSnapshot struct {
+	count    uint32
+	usage    float64
+	power    float64
+	powerPkg float64
+	engines  map[string]float64
+}
+
+// RocmSmiJson represents the JSON structure of rocm-smi output
+type RocmSmiJson struct {
+	ID           string `json:"GUID"`
+	Name         string `json:"Card series"`
+	Temperature  string `json:"Temperature (Sensor edge) (C)"`
+	MemoryUsed   string `json:"VRAM Total Used Memory (B)"`
+	MemoryTotal  string `json:"VRAM Total Memory (B)"`
+	Usage        string `json:"GPU use (%)"`
+	PowerPackage string `json:"Average Graphics Package Power (W)"`
+	PowerSocket  string `json:"Current Socket Graphics Package Power (W)"`
+}
+
+// gpuCollector defines a collector for a specific GPU management utility (nvidia-smi or rocm-smi)
+type gpuCollector struct {
+	name    string
+	cmdArgs []string
+	parse   func([]byte) bool // returns true if valid data was found
+	buf     []byte
+	bufSize uint16
+}
+
+var errNoValidData = fmt.Errorf("no valid GPU data found") // Error for missing data
+
+// collectorSource identifies a selectable GPU collector in GPU_COLLECTOR.
+type collectorSource string
+
+const (
+	collectorSourceNVTop        collectorSource = collectorSource(nvtopCmd)
+	collectorSourceNVML         collectorSource = "nvml"
+	collectorSourceNvidiaSMI    collectorSource = collectorSource(nvidiaSmiCmd)
+	collectorSourceIntelGpuTop  collectorSource = collectorSource(intelGpuStatsCmd)
+	collectorSourceAmdSysfs     collectorSource = "amd_sysfs"
+	collectorSourceRocmSMI      collectorSource = collectorSource(rocmSmiCmd)
+	collectorSourceMacmon       collectorSource = collectorSource(macmonCmd)
+	collectorSourcePowermetrics collectorSource = collectorSource(powermetricsCmd)
+	collectorGroupNvidia        string          = "nvidia"
+	collectorGroupIntel         string          = "intel"
+	collectorGroupAmd           string          = "amd"
+	collectorGroupApple         string          = "apple"
+)
+
+func isValidCollectorSource(source collectorSource) bool {
+	switch source {
+	case collectorSourceNVTop,
+		collectorSourceNVML,
+		collectorSourceNvidiaSMI,
+		collectorSourceIntelGpuTop,
+		collectorSourceAmdSysfs,
+		collectorSourceRocmSMI,
+		collectorSourceMacmon,
+		collectorSourcePowermetrics:
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// gpuCapabilities describes detected GPU tooling and sysfs support on the host.
+type gpuCapabilities struct {
+	hasNvidiaSmi    bool
+	hasRocmSmi      bool
+	hasAmdSysfs     bool
+	hasTegrastats   bool
+	hasIntelGpuTop  bool
+	hasNvtop        bool
+	hasMacmon       bool
+	hasPowermetrics bool
+}
+
+type collectorDefinition struct {
+	group              string
+	available          bool
+	start              func(onFailure func()) bool
+	deprecationWarning string
+}
+
+// starts and manages the ongoing collection of GPU data for the specified GPU management utility
+func (c *gpuCollector) start() {
+	for {
+		err := c.collect()
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == errNoValidData {
+				slog.Warn(c.name + " found no valid GPU data, stopping")
+				break
+			}
+			slog.Warn(c.name+" failed, restarting", "err", err)
+			time.Sleep(retryWaitTime)
+			continue
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// collect executes the command, parses output with the assigned parser function
+func (c *gpuCollector) collect() error {
+	cmd := exec.Command(c.name, c.cmdArgs...)
+	stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(stdout)
+	if c.buf == nil {
+		c.buf = make([]byte, 0, c.bufSize)
+	}
+	scanner.Buffer(c.buf, bufio.MaxScanTokenSize)
+
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		hasValidData := c.parse(scanner.Bytes())
+		if !hasValidData {
+			return errNoValidData
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("scanner error: %w", err)
+	}
+	return cmd.Wait()
+}
+
+// getJetsonParser returns a function to parse the output of tegrastats and update the GPUData map
+func (gm *GPUManager) getJetsonParser() func(output []byte) bool {
+	// use closure to avoid recompiling the regex
+	ramPattern := regexp.MustCompile(`RAM (\d+)/(\d+)MB`)
+	gr3dPattern := regexp.MustCompile(`GR3D_FREQ (\d+)%`)
+	tempPattern := regexp.MustCompile(`(?:tj|GPU)@(\d+\.?\d*)C`)
+	// Orin Nano / NX do not have GPU specific power monitor
+	// TODO: Maybe use VDD_IN for Nano / NX and add a total system power chart
+	powerPattern := regexp.MustCompile(`(GPU_SOC|CPU_GPU_CV)\s+(\d+)mW|VDD_SYS_GPU\s+(\d+)/\d+`)
+
+	// jetson devices have only one gpu so we'll just initialize here
+	gpuData := &system.GPUData{Name: "GPU"}
+	gm.GpuDataMap["0"] = gpuData
+
+	return func(output []byte) bool {
+		gm.Lock()
+		defer gm.Unlock()
+		// Parse RAM usage
+		ramMatches := ramPattern.FindSubmatch(output)
+		if ramMatches != nil {
+			gpuData.MemoryUsed, _ = strconv.ParseFloat(string(ramMatches[1]), 64)
+			gpuData.MemoryTotal, _ = strconv.ParseFloat(string(ramMatches[2]), 64)
+		}
+		// Parse GR3D (GPU) usage
+		gr3dMatches := gr3dPattern.FindSubmatch(output)
+		if gr3dMatches != nil {
+			gr3dUsage, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(string(gr3dMatches[1]), 64)
+			gpuData.Usage += gr3dUsage
+		}
+		// Parse temperature
+		tempMatches := tempPattern.FindSubmatch(output)
+		if tempMatches != nil {
+			gpuData.Temperature, _ = strconv.ParseFloat(string(tempMatches[1]), 64)
+		}
+		// Parse power usage
+		powerMatches := powerPattern.FindSubmatch(output)
+		if powerMatches != nil {
+			// powerMatches[2] is the "(GPU_SOC|CPU_GPU_CV) <N>mW" capture
+			// powerMatches[3] is the "VDD_SYS_GPU <N>/<N>" capture
+			powerStr := string(powerMatches[2])
+			if powerStr == "" {
+				powerStr = string(powerMatches[3])
+			}
+			power, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(powerStr, 64)
+			gpuData.Power += power / milliwattsInAWatt
+		}
+		gpuData.Count++
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
+// parseNvidiaData parses the output of nvidia-smi and updates the GPUData map
+func (gm *GPUManager) parseNvidiaData(output []byte) bool {
+	gm.Lock()
+	defer gm.Unlock()
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(bytes.NewReader(output))
+	var valid bool
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := scanner.Text() // Or use scanner.Bytes() for []byte
+		fields := strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(line), ", ")
+		if len(fields) < 7 {
+			continue
+		}
+		valid = true
+		id := fields[0]
+		temp, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(fields[2], 64)
+		memoryUsage, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(fields[3], 64)
+		totalMemory, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(fields[4], 64)
+		usage, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(fields[5], 64)
+		power, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(fields[6], 64)
+		// add gpu if not exists
+		if _, ok := gm.GpuDataMap[id]; !ok {
+			name := strings.TrimPrefix(fields[1], "NVIDIA ")
+			gm.GpuDataMap[id] = &system.GPUData{Name: strings.TrimSuffix(name, " Laptop GPU")}
+		}
+		// update gpu data
+		gpu := gm.GpuDataMap[id]
+		gpu.Temperature = temp
+		gpu.MemoryUsed = memoryUsage / mebibytesInAMegabyte
+		gpu.MemoryTotal = totalMemory / mebibytesInAMegabyte
+		gpu.Usage += usage
+		gpu.Power += power
+		gpu.Count++
+	}
+	return valid
+}
+
+// parseAmdData parses the output of rocm-smi and updates the GPUData map
+func (gm *GPUManager) parseAmdData(output []byte) bool {
+	var rocmSmiInfo map[string]RocmSmiJson
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(output, &rocmSmiInfo); err != nil || len(rocmSmiInfo) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	gm.Lock()
+	defer gm.Unlock()
+	for _, v := range rocmSmiInfo {
+		var power float64
+		if v.PowerPackage != "" {
+			power, _ = strconv.ParseFloat(v.PowerPackage, 64)
+		} else {
+			power, _ = strconv.ParseFloat(v.PowerSocket, 64)
+		}
+		memoryUsage, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(v.MemoryUsed, 64)
+		totalMemory, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(v.MemoryTotal, 64)
+		usage, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(v.Usage, 64)
+
+		id := v.ID
+		if _, ok := gm.GpuDataMap[id]; !ok {
+			gm.GpuDataMap[id] = &system.GPUData{Name: v.Name}
+		}
+		gpu := gm.GpuDataMap[id]
+		gpu.Temperature, _ = strconv.ParseFloat(v.Temperature, 64)
+		gpu.MemoryUsed = utils.BytesToMegabytes(memoryUsage)
+		gpu.MemoryTotal = utils.BytesToMegabytes(totalMemory)
+		gpu.Usage += usage
+		gpu.Power += power
+		gpu.Count++
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// GetCurrentData returns GPU utilization data averaged since the last call with this cacheKey
+func (gm *GPUManager) GetCurrentData(cacheKey uint16) map[string]system.GPUData {
+	gm.Lock()
+	defer gm.Unlock()
+
+	gm.initializeSnapshots(cacheKey)
+	nameCounts := gm.countGPUNames()
+
+	gpuData := make(map[string]system.GPUData, len(gm.GpuDataMap))
+	for id, gpu := range gm.GpuDataMap {
+		gpuAvg := gm.calculateGPUAverage(id, gpu, cacheKey)
+		gm.updateInstantaneousValues(&gpuAvg, gpu)
+		gm.storeSnapshot(id, gpu, cacheKey)
+
+		// Append id to name if there are multiple GPUs with the same name
+		if nameCounts[gpu.Name] > 1 {
+			gpuAvg.Name = fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", gpu.Name, id)
+		}
+		gpuData[id] = gpuAvg
+	}
+	slog.Debug("GPU", "data", gpuData)
+	return gpuData
+}
+
+// initializeSnapshots ensures snapshot maps are initialized for the given cache key
+func (gm *GPUManager) initializeSnapshots(cacheKey uint16) {
+	if gm.lastAvgData == nil {
+		gm.lastAvgData = make(map[string]system.GPUData)
+	}
+	if gm.lastSnapshots == nil {
+		gm.lastSnapshots = make(map[uint16]map[string]*gpuSnapshot)
+	}
+	if gm.lastSnapshots[cacheKey] == nil {
+		gm.lastSnapshots[cacheKey] = make(map[string]*gpuSnapshot)
+	}
+}
+
+// countGPUNames returns a map of GPU names to their occurrence count
+func (gm *GPUManager) countGPUNames() map[string]int {
+	nameCounts := make(map[string]int)
+	for _, gpu := range gm.GpuDataMap {
+		nameCounts[gpu.Name]++
+	}
+	return nameCounts
+}
+
+// calculateGPUAverage computes the average GPU metrics since the last snapshot for this cache key
+func (gm *GPUManager) calculateGPUAverage(id string, gpu *system.GPUData, cacheKey uint16) system.GPUData {
+	lastSnapshot := gm.lastSnapshots[cacheKey][id]
+	currentCount := uint32(gpu.Count)
+	deltaCount := gm.calculateDeltaCount(currentCount, lastSnapshot)
+
+	// If no new data arrived
+	if deltaCount == 0 {
+		// If GPU appears suspended (instantaneous values are 0), return zero values
+		// Otherwise return last known average for temporary collection gaps
+		if gpu.Temperature == 0 && gpu.MemoryUsed == 0 {
+			return system.GPUData{Name: gpu.Name}
+		}
+		return gm.lastAvgData[id] // zero value if not found
+	}
+
+	// Calculate new average
+	gpuAvg := *gpu
+	deltaUsage, deltaPower, deltaPowerPkg := gm.calculateDeltas(gpu, lastSnapshot)
+
+	gpuAvg.Power = utils.TwoDecimals(deltaPower / float64(deltaCount))
+
+	if gpu.Engines != nil {
+		// make fresh map for averaged engine metrics to avoid mutating
+		// the accumulator map stored in gm.GpuDataMap
+		gpuAvg.Engines = make(map[string]float64, len(gpu.Engines))
+		gpuAvg.Usage = gm.calculateIntelGPUUsage(&gpuAvg, gpu, lastSnapshot, deltaCount)
+		gpuAvg.PowerPkg = utils.TwoDecimals(deltaPowerPkg / float64(deltaCount))
+	} else {
+		gpuAvg.Usage = utils.TwoDecimals(deltaUsage / float64(deltaCount))
+	}
+
+	gm.lastAvgData[id] = gpuAvg
+	return gpuAvg
+}
+
+// calculateDeltaCount returns the change in count since the last snapshot
+func (gm *GPUManager) calculateDeltaCount(currentCount uint32, lastSnapshot *gpuSnapshot) uint32 {
+	if lastSnapshot != nil {
+		return currentCount - lastSnapshot.count
+	}
+	return currentCount
+}
+
+// calculateDeltas computes the change in usage, power, and powerPkg since the last snapshot
+func (gm *GPUManager) calculateDeltas(gpu *system.GPUData, lastSnapshot *gpuSnapshot) (deltaUsage, deltaPower, deltaPowerPkg float64) {
+	if lastSnapshot != nil {
+		return gpu.Usage - lastSnapshot.usage,
+			gpu.Power - lastSnapshot.power,
+			gpu.PowerPkg - lastSnapshot.powerPkg
+	}
+	return gpu.Usage, gpu.Power, gpu.PowerPkg
+}
+
+// calculateIntelGPUUsage computes Intel GPU usage from engine metrics and returns max engine usage
+func (gm *GPUManager) calculateIntelGPUUsage(gpuAvg, gpu *system.GPUData, lastSnapshot *gpuSnapshot, deltaCount uint32) float64 {
+	maxEngineUsage := 0.0
+	for name, engine := range gpu.Engines {
+		var deltaEngine float64
+		if lastSnapshot != nil && lastSnapshot.engines != nil {
+			deltaEngine = engine - lastSnapshot.engines[name]
+		} else {
+			deltaEngine = engine
+		}
+		gpuAvg.Engines[name] = utils.TwoDecimals(deltaEngine / float64(deltaCount))
+		maxEngineUsage = max(maxEngineUsage, deltaEngine/float64(deltaCount))
+	}
+	return utils.TwoDecimals(maxEngineUsage)
+}
+
+// updateInstantaneousValues updates values that should reflect current state, not averages
+func (gm *GPUManager) updateInstantaneousValues(gpuAvg *system.GPUData, gpu *system.GPUData) {
+	gpuAvg.Temperature = utils.TwoDecimals(gpu.Temperature)
+	gpuAvg.MemoryUsed = utils.TwoDecimals(gpu.MemoryUsed)
+	gpuAvg.MemoryTotal = utils.TwoDecimals(gpu.MemoryTotal)
+}
+
+// storeSnapshot saves the current GPU state for this cache key
+func (gm *GPUManager) storeSnapshot(id string, gpu *system.GPUData, cacheKey uint16) {
+	snapshot := &gpuSnapshot{
+		count:    uint32(gpu.Count),
+		usage:    gpu.Usage,
+		power:    gpu.Power,
+		powerPkg: gpu.PowerPkg,
+	}
+	if gpu.Engines != nil {
+		snapshot.engines = make(map[string]float64, len(gpu.Engines))
+		maps.Copy(snapshot.engines, gpu.Engines)
+	}
+	gm.lastSnapshots[cacheKey][id] = snapshot
+}
+
+// discoverGpuCapabilities checks for available GPU tooling and sysfs support.
+// It only reports capability presence and does not apply policy decisions.
+func (gm *GPUManager) discoverGpuCapabilities() gpuCapabilities {
+	caps := gpuCapabilities{
+		hasAmdSysfs: gm.hasAmdSysfs(),
+	}
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath(nvidiaSmiCmd); err == nil {
+		caps.hasNvidiaSmi = true
+	}
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath(rocmSmiCmd); err == nil {
+		caps.hasRocmSmi = true
+	}
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath(tegraStatsCmd); err == nil {
+		caps.hasTegrastats = true
+	}
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath(intelGpuStatsCmd); err == nil {
+		caps.hasIntelGpuTop = true
+	}
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath(nvtopCmd); err == nil {
+		caps.hasNvtop = true
+	}
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		if _, err := exec.LookPath(macmonCmd); err == nil {
+			caps.hasMacmon = true
+		}
+		if _, err := exec.LookPath(powermetricsCmd); err == nil {
+			caps.hasPowermetrics = true
+		}
+	}
+	return caps
+}
+
+func hasAnyGpuCollector(caps gpuCapabilities) bool {
+	return caps.hasNvidiaSmi || caps.hasRocmSmi || caps.hasAmdSysfs || caps.hasTegrastats || caps.hasIntelGpuTop || caps.hasNvtop || caps.hasMacmon || caps.hasPowermetrics
+}
+
+func (gm *GPUManager) startIntelCollector() {
+	go func() {
+		failures := 0
+		for {
+			if err := gm.collectIntelStats(); err != nil {
+				failures++
+				if failures > maxFailureRetries {
+					break
+				}
+				slog.Warn("Error collecting Intel GPU data; see https://beszel.dev/guide/gpu", "err", err)
+				time.Sleep(retryWaitTime)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func (gm *GPUManager) startNvidiaSmiCollector(intervalSeconds string) {
+	collector := gpuCollector{
+		name:    nvidiaSmiCmd,
+		bufSize: 10 * 1024,
+		cmdArgs: []string{
+			"-l", intervalSeconds,
+			"--query-gpu=index,name,temperature.gpu,memory.used,memory.total,utilization.gpu,power.draw",
+			"--format=csv,noheader,nounits",
+		},
+		parse: gm.parseNvidiaData,
+	}
+	go collector.start()
+}
+
+func (gm *GPUManager) startTegraStatsCollector(intervalMilliseconds string) {
+	collector := gpuCollector{
+		name:    tegraStatsCmd,
+		bufSize: 10 * 1024,
+		cmdArgs: []string{"--interval", intervalMilliseconds},
+		parse:   gm.getJetsonParser(),
+	}
+	go collector.start()
+}
+
+func (gm *GPUManager) startRocmSmiCollector(pollInterval time.Duration) {
+	collector := gpuCollector{
+		name:    rocmSmiCmd,
+		bufSize: 10 * 1024,
+		cmdArgs: []string{"--showid", "--showtemp", "--showuse", "--showpower", "--showproductname", "--showmeminfo", "vram", "--json"},
+		parse:   gm.parseAmdData,
+	}
+	go func() {
+		failures := 0
+		for {
+			if err := collector.collect(); err != nil {
+				failures++
+				if failures > maxFailureRetries {
+					break
+				}
+				slog.Warn("Error collecting AMD GPU data via rocm-smi", "err", err)
+			}
+			time.Sleep(pollInterval)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func (gm *GPUManager) collectorDefinitions(caps gpuCapabilities) map[collectorSource]collectorDefinition {
+	return map[collectorSource]collectorDefinition{
+		collectorSourceNVML: {
+			group:     collectorGroupNvidia,
+			available: caps.hasNvidiaSmi,
+			start: func(_ func()) bool {
+				return gm.startNvmlCollector()
+			},
+		},
+		collectorSourceNvidiaSMI: {
+			group:     collectorGroupNvidia,
+			available: caps.hasNvidiaSmi,
+			start: func(_ func()) bool {
+				gm.startNvidiaSmiCollector("4") // seconds
+				return true
+			},
+		},
+		collectorSourceIntelGpuTop: {
+			group:     collectorGroupIntel,
+			available: caps.hasIntelGpuTop,
+			start: func(_ func()) bool {
+				gm.startIntelCollector()
+				return true
+			},
+		},
+		collectorSourceAmdSysfs: {
+			group:     collectorGroupAmd,
+			available: caps.hasAmdSysfs,
+			start: func(_ func()) bool {
+				return gm.startAmdSysfsCollector()
+			},
+		},
+		collectorSourceRocmSMI: {
+			group:              collectorGroupAmd,
+			available:          caps.hasRocmSmi,
+			deprecationWarning: "rocm-smi is deprecated and may be removed in a future release",
+			start: func(_ func()) bool {
+				gm.startRocmSmiCollector(4300 * time.Millisecond)
+				return true
+			},
+		},
+		collectorSourceNVTop: {
+			available: caps.hasNvtop,
+			start: func(onFailure func()) bool {
+				gm.startNvtopCollector("30", onFailure) // tens of milliseconds
+				return true
+			},
+		},
+		collectorSourceMacmon: {
+			group:     collectorGroupApple,
+			available: caps.hasMacmon,
+			start: func(_ func()) bool {
+				gm.startMacmonCollector()
+				return true
+			},
+		},
+		collectorSourcePowermetrics: {
+			group:     collectorGroupApple,
+			available: caps.hasPowermetrics,
+			start: func(_ func()) bool {
+				gm.startPowermetricsCollector()
+				return true
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// parseCollectorPriority parses GPU_COLLECTOR and returns valid ordered entries.
+func parseCollectorPriority(value string) []collectorSource {
+	parts := strings.Split(value, ",")
+	priorities := make([]collectorSource, 0, len(parts))
+	for _, raw := range parts {
+		name := collectorSource(strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(raw)))
+		if !isValidCollectorSource(name) {
+			if name != "" {
+				slog.Warn("Ignoring unknown GPU collector", "collector", name)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		priorities = append(priorities, name)
+	}
+	return priorities
+}
+
+// startNvmlCollector initializes NVML and starts its polling loop.
+func (gm *GPUManager) startNvmlCollector() bool {
+	collector := &nvmlCollector{gm: gm}
+	if err := collector.init(); err != nil {
+		slog.Warn("Failed to initialize NVML", "err", err)
+		return false
+	}
+	go collector.start()
+	return true
+}
+
+// startAmdSysfsCollector starts AMD GPU collection via sysfs.
+func (gm *GPUManager) startAmdSysfsCollector() bool {
+	go func() {
+		if err := gm.collectAmdStats(); err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("Error collecting AMD GPU data via sysfs", "err", err)
+		}
+	}()
+	return true
+}
+
+// startCollectorsByPriority starts collectors in order with one source per vendor group.
+func (gm *GPUManager) startCollectorsByPriority(priorities []collectorSource, caps gpuCapabilities) int {
+	definitions := gm.collectorDefinitions(caps)
+	selectedGroups := make(map[string]bool, 3)
+	started := 0
+	for i, source := range priorities {
+		definition, ok := definitions[source]
+		if !ok || !definition.available {
+			continue
+		}
+		// nvtop is not a vendor-specific collector, so should only be used if no other collectors are selected or it is first in GPU_COLLECTOR.
+		if source == collectorSourceNVTop {
+			if len(selectedGroups) > 0 {
+				slog.Warn("Skipping nvtop because other collectors are selected")
+				continue
+			}
+			// if nvtop fails, fall back to remaining collectors.
+			remaining := append([]collectorSource(nil), priorities[i+1:]...)
+			if definition.start(func() {
+				gm.startCollectorsByPriority(remaining, caps)
+			}) {
+				started++
+				return started
+			}
+		}
+		group := definition.group
+		if group == "" || selectedGroups[group] {
+			continue
+		}
+		if definition.deprecationWarning != "" {
+			slog.Warn(definition.deprecationWarning)
+		}
+		if definition.start(nil) {
+			selectedGroups[group] = true
+			started++
+		}
+	}
+	return started
+}
+
+// resolveLegacyCollectorPriority builds the default collector order when GPU_COLLECTOR is unset.
+func (gm *GPUManager) resolveLegacyCollectorPriority(caps gpuCapabilities) []collectorSource {
+	priorities := make([]collectorSource, 0, 4)
+
+	if caps.hasNvidiaSmi && !caps.hasTegrastats {
+		if nvml, _ := utils.GetEnv("NVML"); nvml == "true" {
+			priorities = append(priorities, collectorSourceNVML, collectorSourceNvidiaSMI)
+		} else {
+			priorities = append(priorities, collectorSourceNvidiaSMI)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if caps.hasRocmSmi {
+		if val, _ := utils.GetEnv("AMD_SYSFS"); val == "true" {
+			priorities = append(priorities, collectorSourceAmdSysfs)
+		} else {
+			priorities = append(priorities, collectorSourceRocmSMI)
+		}
+	} else if caps.hasAmdSysfs {
+		priorities = append(priorities, collectorSourceAmdSysfs)
+	}
+
+	if caps.hasIntelGpuTop {
+		priorities = append(priorities, collectorSourceIntelGpuTop)
+	}
+
+	// Apple collectors are currently opt-in only for testing.
+	// Enable them with GPU_COLLECTOR=macmon or GPU_COLLECTOR=powermetrics.
+	// TODO: uncomment below when Apple collectors are confirmed to be working.
+	//
+	// Prefer macmon on macOS (no sudo). Fall back to powermetrics if present.
+	// if caps.hasMacmon {
+	// 	priorities = append(priorities, collectorSourceMacmon)
+	// } else if caps.hasPowermetrics {
+	// 	priorities = append(priorities, collectorSourcePowermetrics)
+	// }
+
+	// Keep nvtop as a last resort only when no vendor collector exists.
+	if len(priorities) == 0 && caps.hasNvtop {
+		priorities = append(priorities, collectorSourceNVTop)
+	}
+	return priorities
+}
+
+// NewGPUManager creates and initializes a new GPUManager
+func NewGPUManager() (*GPUManager, error) {
+	if skipGPU, _ := utils.GetEnv("SKIP_GPU"); skipGPU == "true" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	var gm GPUManager
+	caps := gm.discoverGpuCapabilities()
+	if !hasAnyGpuCollector(caps) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(noGPUFoundMsg)
+	}
+	gm.GpuDataMap = make(map[string]*system.GPUData)
+
+	// Jetson devices should always use tegrastats (ignore GPU_COLLECTOR).
+	if caps.hasTegrastats {
+		gm.startTegraStatsCollector("3700")
+		return &gm, nil
+	}
+
+	// if GPU_COLLECTOR is set, start user-defined collectors.
+	if collectorConfig, ok := utils.GetEnv("GPU_COLLECTOR"); ok && strings.TrimSpace(collectorConfig) != "" {
+		priorities := parseCollectorPriority(collectorConfig)
+		if gm.startCollectorsByPriority(priorities, caps) == 0 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("no configured GPU collectors are available")
+		}
+		return &gm, nil
+	}
+
+	// auto-detect and start collectors when GPU_COLLECTOR is unset.
+	if gm.startCollectorsByPriority(gm.resolveLegacyCollectorPriority(caps), caps) == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(noGPUFoundMsg)
+	}
+
+	return &gm, nil
+}

agent/gpu_amd_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/utils"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+)
+
+var amdgpuNameCache = struct {
+	sync.RWMutex
+	hits   map[string]string
+	misses map[string]struct{}
+}{
+	hits:   make(map[string]string),
+	misses: make(map[string]struct{}),
+}
+
+// hasAmdSysfs returns true if any AMD GPU sysfs nodes are found
+func (gm *GPUManager) hasAmdSysfs() bool {
+	cards, err := filepath.Glob("/sys/class/drm/card*/device/vendor")
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, vendorPath := range cards {
+		vendor, err := os.ReadFile(vendorPath)
+		if err == nil && strings.TrimSpace(string(vendor)) == "0x1002" {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// collectAmdStats collects AMD GPU metrics directly from sysfs to avoid the overhead of rocm-smi
+func (gm *GPUManager) collectAmdStats() error {
+	sysfsPollInterval := 3000 * time.Millisecond
+	cards, err := filepath.Glob("/sys/class/drm/card*")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var amdGpuPaths []string
+	for _, card := range cards {
+		// Ignore symbolic links and non-main card directories
+		if strings.Contains(filepath.Base(card), "-") || !isAmdGpu(card) {
+			continue
+		}
+		amdGpuPaths = append(amdGpuPaths, card)
+	}
+
+	if len(amdGpuPaths) == 0 {
+		return errNoValidData
+	}
+
+	slog.Debug("Using sysfs for AMD GPU data collection")
+
+	failures := 0
+	for {
+		hasData := false
+		for _, cardPath := range amdGpuPaths {
+			if gm.updateAmdGpuData(cardPath) {
+				hasData = true
+			}
+		}
+		if !hasData {
+			failures++
+			if failures > maxFailureRetries {
+				return errNoValidData
+			}
+			slog.Warn("No AMD GPU data from sysfs", "failures", failures)
+			time.Sleep(retryWaitTime)
+			continue
+		}
+		failures = 0
+		time.Sleep(sysfsPollInterval)
+	}
+}
+
+// isAmdGpu checks whether a DRM card path belongs to AMD vendor ID 0x1002.
+func isAmdGpu(cardPath string) bool {
+	vendorPath := filepath.Join(cardPath, "device/vendor")
+	vendor, err := os.ReadFile(vendorPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(string(vendor)) == "0x1002"
+}
+
+// updateAmdGpuData reads GPU metrics from sysfs and updates the GPU data map.
+// Returns true if at least some data was successfully read.
+func (gm *GPUManager) updateAmdGpuData(cardPath string) bool {
+	devicePath := filepath.Join(cardPath, "device")
+	id := filepath.Base(cardPath)
+
+	// Read all sysfs values first (no lock needed - these can be slow)
+	usage, usageErr := readSysfsFloat(filepath.Join(devicePath, "gpu_busy_percent"))
+	memUsed, memUsedErr := readSysfsFloat(filepath.Join(devicePath, "mem_info_vram_used"))
+	memTotal, _ := readSysfsFloat(filepath.Join(devicePath, "mem_info_vram_total"))
+	// if gtt is present, add it to the memory used and total (https://github.com/henrygd/beszel/issues/1569#issuecomment-3837640484)
+	if gttUsed, err := readSysfsFloat(filepath.Join(devicePath, "mem_info_gtt_used")); err == nil && gttUsed > 0 {
+		if gttTotal, err := readSysfsFloat(filepath.Join(devicePath, "mem_info_gtt_total")); err == nil {
+			memUsed += gttUsed
+			memTotal += gttTotal
+		}
+	}
+
+	var temp, power float64
+	hwmons, _ := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(devicePath, "hwmon/hwmon*"))
+	for _, hwmonDir := range hwmons {
+		if t, err := readSysfsFloat(filepath.Join(hwmonDir, "temp1_input")); err == nil {
+			temp = t / 1000.0
+		}
+		if p, err := readSysfsFloat(filepath.Join(hwmonDir, "power1_average")); err == nil {
+			power += p / 1000000.0
+		} else if p, err := readSysfsFloat(filepath.Join(hwmonDir, "power1_input")); err == nil {
+			power += p / 1000000.0
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check if we got any meaningful data
+	if usageErr != nil && memUsedErr != nil && temp == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Single lock to update all values atomically
+	gm.Lock()
+	defer gm.Unlock()
+
+	gpu, ok := gm.GpuDataMap[id]
+	if !ok {
+		gpu = &system.GPUData{Name: getAmdGpuName(devicePath)}
+		gm.GpuDataMap[id] = gpu
+	}
+
+	if usageErr == nil {
+		gpu.Usage += usage
+	}
+	gpu.MemoryUsed = utils.BytesToMegabytes(memUsed)
+	gpu.MemoryTotal = utils.BytesToMegabytes(memTotal)
+	gpu.Temperature = temp
+	gpu.Power += power
+	gpu.Count++
+	return true
+}
+
+// readSysfsFloat reads and parses a numeric value from a sysfs file.
+func readSysfsFloat(path string) (float64, error) {
+	val, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return strconv.ParseFloat(strings.TrimSpace(string(val)), 64)
+}
+
+// normalizeHexID normalizes hex IDs by trimming spaces, lowercasing, and dropping 0x.
+func normalizeHexID(id string) string {
+	return strings.TrimPrefix(strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(id)), "0x")
+}
+
+// cacheKeyForAmdgpu builds the cache key for a device and optional revision.
+func cacheKeyForAmdgpu(deviceID, revisionID string) string {
+	if revisionID != "" {
+		return deviceID + ":" + revisionID
+	}
+	return deviceID
+}
+
+// lookupAmdgpuNameInFile resolves an AMDGPU name from amdgpu.ids by device/revision.
+func lookupAmdgpuNameInFile(deviceID, revisionID, filePath string) (name string, exact bool, found bool) {
+	file, err := os.Open(filePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", false, false
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	var byDevice string
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())
+		if line == "" || strings.HasPrefix(line, "#") {
+			continue
+		}
+		parts := strings.SplitN(line, ",", 3)
+		if len(parts) != 3 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		dev := normalizeHexID(parts[0])
+		rev := normalizeHexID(parts[1])
+		productName := strings.TrimSpace(parts[2])
+		if dev == "" || productName == "" || dev != deviceID {
+			continue
+		}
+		if byDevice == "" {
+			byDevice = productName
+		}
+		if revisionID != "" && rev == revisionID {
+			return productName, true, true
+		}
+	}
+	if byDevice != "" {
+		return byDevice, false, true
+	}
+	return "", false, false
+}
+
+// getCachedAmdgpuName returns cached hit/miss status for the given device/revision.
+func getCachedAmdgpuName(deviceID, revisionID string) (name string, found bool, done bool) {
+	// Build the list of cache keys to check. We always look up the exact device+revision key.
+	// When revisionID is set, we also look up deviceID alone, since the cache may store a
+	// device-only fallback when we couldn't resolve the exact revision.
+	keys := []string{cacheKeyForAmdgpu(deviceID, revisionID)}
+	if revisionID != "" {
+		keys = append(keys, deviceID)
+	}
+
+	knownMisses := 0
+	amdgpuNameCache.RLock()
+	defer amdgpuNameCache.RUnlock()
+	for _, key := range keys {
+		if name, ok := amdgpuNameCache.hits[key]; ok {
+			return name, true, true
+		}
+		if _, ok := amdgpuNameCache.misses[key]; ok {
+			knownMisses++
+		}
+	}
+	// done=true means "don't bother doing slow lookup": we either found a name (above) or
+	// every key we checked was already a known miss, so we've tried before and failed.
+	return "", false, knownMisses == len(keys)
+}
+
+// normalizeAmdgpuName trims standard suffixes from AMDGPU product names.
+func normalizeAmdgpuName(name string) string {
+	for _, suffix := range []string{" Graphics", " Series"} {
+		name = strings.TrimSuffix(name, suffix)
+	}
+	return name
+}
+
+// cacheAmdgpuName stores a resolved AMDGPU name in the lookup cache.
+func cacheAmdgpuName(deviceID, revisionID, name string, exact bool) {
+	name = normalizeAmdgpuName(name)
+	amdgpuNameCache.Lock()
+	defer amdgpuNameCache.Unlock()
+	if exact && revisionID != "" {
+		amdgpuNameCache.hits[cacheKeyForAmdgpu(deviceID, revisionID)] = name
+	}
+	amdgpuNameCache.hits[deviceID] = name
+}
+
+// cacheMissingAmdgpuName records unresolved device/revision lookups.
+func cacheMissingAmdgpuName(deviceID, revisionID string) {
+	amdgpuNameCache.Lock()
+	defer amdgpuNameCache.Unlock()
+	amdgpuNameCache.misses[deviceID] = struct{}{}
+	if revisionID != "" {
+		amdgpuNameCache.misses[cacheKeyForAmdgpu(deviceID, revisionID)] = struct{}{}
+	}
+}
+
+// getAmdGpuName attempts to get a descriptive GPU name.
+// First tries product_name (rarely available), then looks up the PCI device ID.
+// Falls back to showing the raw device ID if not found in the lookup table.
+func getAmdGpuName(devicePath string) string {
+	// Try product_name first (works for some enterprise GPUs)
+	if prod, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(devicePath, "product_name")); err == nil {
+		return strings.TrimSpace(string(prod))
+	}
+
+	// Read PCI device ID and look it up
+	if deviceID, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(devicePath, "device")); err == nil {
+		id := normalizeHexID(string(deviceID))
+		revision := ""
+		if revBytes, revErr := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(devicePath, "revision")); revErr == nil {
+			revision = normalizeHexID(string(revBytes))
+		}
+
+		if name, found, done := getCachedAmdgpuName(id, revision); found {
+			return name
+		} else if !done {
+			if name, exact, ok := lookupAmdgpuNameInFile(id, revision, "/usr/share/libdrm/amdgpu.ids"); ok {
+				cacheAmdgpuName(id, revision, name, exact)
+				return normalizeAmdgpuName(name)
+			}
+			cacheMissingAmdgpuName(id, revision)
+		}
+
+		return fmt.Sprintf("AMD GPU (%s)", id)
+	}
+
+	return "AMD GPU"
+}

agent/gpu_amd_linux_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/utils"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestNormalizeHexID(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		in   string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"0x1002", "1002"},
+		{"C2", "c2"},
+		{"  15BF  ", "15bf"},
+		{"0x15bf", "15bf"},
+		{"", ""},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		subName := tt.in
+		if subName == "" {
+			subName = "empty_string"
+		}
+		t.Run(subName, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := normalizeHexID(tt.in)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCacheKeyForAmdgpu(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		deviceID   string
+		revisionID string
+		want       string
+	}{
+		{"1114", "c2", "1114:c2"},
+		{"15bf", "", "15bf"},
+		{"1506", "c1", "1506:c1"},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		got := cacheKeyForAmdgpu(tt.deviceID, tt.revisionID)
+		assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadSysfsFloat(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+
+	validPath := filepath.Join(dir, "val")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(validPath, []byte("  42.5  \n"), 0o644))
+	got, err := readSysfsFloat(validPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 42.5, got)
+
+	// Integer and scientific
+	sciPath := filepath.Join(dir, "sci")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(sciPath, []byte("1e2"), 0o644))
+	got, err = readSysfsFloat(sciPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 100.0, got)
+
+	// Missing file
+	_, err = readSysfsFloat(filepath.Join(dir, "missing"))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+
+	// Invalid content
+	badPath := filepath.Join(dir, "bad")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(badPath, []byte("not a number"), 0o644))
+	_, err = readSysfsFloat(badPath)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestIsAmdGpu(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	deviceDir := filepath.Join(dir, "device")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(deviceDir, 0o755))
+
+	// AMD vendor 0x1002 -> true
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(deviceDir, "vendor"), []byte("0x1002\n"), 0o644))
+	assert.True(t, isAmdGpu(dir), "vendor 0x1002 should be AMD")
+
+	// Non-AMD vendor -> false
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(deviceDir, "vendor"), []byte("0x10de\n"), 0o644))
+	assert.False(t, isAmdGpu(dir), "vendor 0x10de should not be AMD")
+
+	// Missing vendor file -> false
+	require.NoError(t, os.Remove(filepath.Join(deviceDir, "vendor")))
+	assert.False(t, isAmdGpu(dir), "missing vendor file should be false")
+}
+
+func TestAmdgpuNameCacheRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	// Cache a name and retrieve it (unique key to avoid affecting other tests)
+	deviceID, revisionID := "cachedev99", "00"
+	cacheAmdgpuName(deviceID, revisionID, "AMD Test GPU 99 Graphics", true)
+
+	name, found, done := getCachedAmdgpuName(deviceID, revisionID)
+	assert.True(t, found)
+	assert.True(t, done)
+	assert.Equal(t, "AMD Test GPU 99", name)
+
+	// Device-only key also stored
+	name2, found2, _ := getCachedAmdgpuName(deviceID, "")
+	assert.True(t, found2)
+	assert.Equal(t, "AMD Test GPU 99", name2)
+
+	// Cache a miss
+	cacheMissingAmdgpuName("missedev99", "ab")
+	_, found3, done3 := getCachedAmdgpuName("missedev99", "ab")
+	assert.False(t, found3)
+	assert.True(t, done3, "done should be true so caller skips file lookup")
+}
+
+func TestUpdateAmdGpuDataWithFakeSysfs(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name            string
+		writeGTT        bool
+		wantMemoryUsed  float64
+		wantMemoryTotal float64
+	}{
+		{
+			name:            "sums vram and gtt when gtt is present",
+			writeGTT:        true,
+			wantMemoryUsed:  utils.BytesToMegabytes(1073741824 + 536870912),
+			wantMemoryTotal: utils.BytesToMegabytes(2147483648 + 4294967296),
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "falls back to vram when gtt is missing",
+			writeGTT:        false,
+			wantMemoryUsed:  utils.BytesToMegabytes(1073741824),
+			wantMemoryTotal: utils.BytesToMegabytes(2147483648),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			dir := t.TempDir()
+			cardPath := filepath.Join(dir, "card0")
+			devicePath := filepath.Join(cardPath, "device")
+			hwmonPath := filepath.Join(devicePath, "hwmon", "hwmon0")
+			require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(hwmonPath, 0o755))
+
+			write := func(name, content string) {
+				require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(devicePath, name), []byte(content), 0o644))
+			}
+			write("vendor", "0x1002")
+			write("device", "0x1506")
+			write("revision", "0xc1")
+			write("gpu_busy_percent", "25")
+			write("mem_info_vram_used", "1073741824")
+			write("mem_info_vram_total", "2147483648")
+			if tt.writeGTT {
+				write("mem_info_gtt_used", "536870912")
+				write("mem_info_gtt_total", "4294967296")
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(hwmonPath, "temp1_input"), []byte("45000"), 0o644))
+			require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(hwmonPath, "power1_input"), []byte("20000000"), 0o644))
+
+			// Pre-cache name so getAmdGpuName returns a known value (it uses system amdgpu.ids path)
+			cacheAmdgpuName("1506", "c1", "AMD Radeon 610M Graphics", true)
+
+			gm := &GPUManager{GpuDataMap: make(map[string]*system.GPUData)}
+			ok := gm.updateAmdGpuData(cardPath)
+			require.True(t, ok)
+
+			gpu, ok := gm.GpuDataMap["card0"]
+			require.True(t, ok)
+			assert.Equal(t, "AMD Radeon 610M", gpu.Name)
+			assert.Equal(t, 25.0, gpu.Usage)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantMemoryUsed, gpu.MemoryUsed)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantMemoryTotal, gpu.MemoryTotal)
+			assert.Equal(t, 45.0, gpu.Temperature)
+			assert.Equal(t, 20.0, gpu.Power)
+			assert.Equal(t, 1.0, gpu.Count)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLookupAmdgpuNameInFile(t *testing.T) {
+	idsPath := filepath.Join("test-data", "amdgpu.ids")
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		deviceID   string
+		revisionID string
+		wantName   string
+		wantExact  bool
+		wantFound  bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "exact device and revision match",
+			deviceID:   "1114",
+			revisionID: "c2",
+			wantName:   "AMD Radeon 860M Graphics",
+			wantExact:  true,
+			wantFound:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "exact match 15BF revision 01 returns 760M",
+			deviceID:   "15bf",
+			revisionID: "01",
+			wantName:   "AMD Radeon 760M Graphics",
+			wantExact:  true,
+			wantFound:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "exact match 15BF revision 00 returns 780M",
+			deviceID:   "15bf",
+			revisionID: "00",
+			wantName:   "AMD Radeon 780M Graphics",
+			wantExact:  true,
+			wantFound:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "device-only match returns first entry for device",
+			deviceID:   "1506",
+			revisionID: "",
+			wantName:   "AMD Radeon 610M",
+			wantExact:  false,
+			wantFound:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "unknown device not found",
+			deviceID:   "dead",
+			revisionID: "00",
+			wantName:   "",
+			wantExact:  false,
+			wantFound:  false,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			gotName, gotExact, gotFound := lookupAmdgpuNameInFile(tt.deviceID, tt.revisionID, idsPath)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantName, gotName, "name")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantExact, gotExact, "exact")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantFound, gotFound, "found")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetAmdGpuNameFromIdsFile(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that getAmdGpuName resolves a name when we can't inject the ids path.
+	// We only verify behavior when product_name is missing and device/revision
+	// would be read from sysfs; the actual lookup uses /usr/share/libdrm/amdgpu.ids.
+	// So this test focuses on normalizeAmdgpuName and that lookupAmdgpuNameInFile
+	// returns the expected name for our test-data file.
+	idsPath := filepath.Join("test-data", "amdgpu.ids")
+	name, exact, found := lookupAmdgpuNameInFile("1435", "ae", idsPath)
+	require.True(t, found)
+	require.True(t, exact)
+	assert.Equal(t, "AMD Custom GPU 0932", name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "AMD Custom GPU 0932", normalizeAmdgpuName(name))
+
+	// " Graphics" suffix is trimmed by normalizeAmdgpuName
+	name2 := "AMD Radeon 860M Graphics"
+	assert.Equal(t, "AMD Radeon 860M", normalizeAmdgpuName(name2))
+}

agent/gpu_amd_unsupported.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+)
+
+func (gm *GPUManager) hasAmdSysfs() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func (gm *GPUManager) collectAmdStats() error {
+	return errors.ErrUnsupported
+}

agent/gpu_darwin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+//go:build darwin
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+)
+
+const (
+	// powermetricsSampleIntervalMs is the sampling interval passed to powermetrics (-i).
+	powermetricsSampleIntervalMs = 500
+	// powermetricsPollInterval is how often we run powermetrics to collect a new sample.
+	powermetricsPollInterval = 2 * time.Second
+	// macmonIntervalMs is the sampling interval passed to macmon pipe (-i), in milliseconds.
+	macmonIntervalMs = 2500
+)
+
+const appleGPUID = "0"
+
+// startPowermetricsCollector runs powermetrics --samplers gpu_power in a loop and updates
+// GPU usage and power. Requires root (sudo) on macOS. A single logical GPU is reported as id "0".
+func (gm *GPUManager) startPowermetricsCollector() {
+	// Ensure single GPU entry for Apple GPU
+	if _, ok := gm.GpuDataMap[appleGPUID]; !ok {
+		gm.GpuDataMap[appleGPUID] = &system.GPUData{Name: "Apple GPU"}
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		failures := 0
+		for {
+			if err := gm.collectPowermetrics(); err != nil {
+				failures++
+				if failures > maxFailureRetries {
+					slog.Warn("powermetrics GPU collector failed repeatedly, stopping", "err", err)
+					break
+				}
+				slog.Warn("Error collecting macOS GPU data via powermetrics (may require sudo)", "err", err)
+				time.Sleep(retryWaitTime)
+				continue
+			}
+			failures = 0
+			time.Sleep(powermetricsPollInterval)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// collectPowermetrics runs powermetrics once and parses GPU usage and power from its output.
+func (gm *GPUManager) collectPowermetrics() error {
+	interval := strconv.Itoa(powermetricsSampleIntervalMs)
+	cmd := exec.Command(powermetricsCmd, "--samplers", "gpu_power", "-i", interval, "-n", "1")
+	cmd.Stderr = nil
+	out, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !gm.parsePowermetricsData(out) {
+		return errNoValidData
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// parsePowermetricsData parses powermetrics gpu_power output and updates GpuDataMap["0"].
+// Example output:
+//
+//	**** GPU usage ****
+//	GPU HW active frequency: 444 MHz
+//	GPU HW active residency:   0.97% (444 MHz: .97% ...
+//	GPU idle residency:  99.03%
+//	GPU Power: 4 mW
+func (gm *GPUManager) parsePowermetricsData(output []byte) bool {
+	var idleResidency, powerMW float64
+	var gotIdle, gotPower bool
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(bytes.NewReader(output))
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "GPU idle residency:") {
+			// "GPU idle residency:  99.03%"
+			fields := strings.Fields(strings.TrimPrefix(line, "GPU idle residency:"))
+			if len(fields) >= 1 {
+				pct := strings.TrimSuffix(fields[0], "%")
+				if v, err := strconv.ParseFloat(pct, 64); err == nil {
+					idleResidency = v
+					gotIdle = true
+				}
+			}
+		} else if strings.HasPrefix(line, "GPU Power:") {
+			// "GPU Power: 4 mW"
+			fields := strings.Fields(strings.TrimPrefix(line, "GPU Power:"))
+			if len(fields) >= 1 {
+				if v, err := strconv.ParseFloat(fields[0], 64); err == nil {
+					powerMW = v
+					gotPower = true
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !gotIdle && !gotPower {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	gm.Lock()
+	defer gm.Unlock()
+
+	if _, ok := gm.GpuDataMap[appleGPUID]; !ok {
+		gm.GpuDataMap[appleGPUID] = &system.GPUData{Name: "Apple GPU"}
+	}
+	gpu := gm.GpuDataMap[appleGPUID]
+
+	if gotIdle {
+		// Usage = 100 - idle residency (e.g. 100 - 99.03 = 0.97%)
+		gpu.Usage += 100 - idleResidency
+	}
+	if gotPower {
+		// mW -> W
+		gpu.Power += powerMW / milliwattsInAWatt
+	}
+	gpu.Count++
+	return true
+}
+
+// startMacmonCollector runs `macmon pipe` in a loop and parses one JSON object per line.
+// This collector does not require sudo. A single logical GPU is reported as id "0".
+func (gm *GPUManager) startMacmonCollector() {
+	if _, ok := gm.GpuDataMap[appleGPUID]; !ok {
+		gm.GpuDataMap[appleGPUID] = &system.GPUData{Name: "Apple GPU"}
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		failures := 0
+		for {
+			if err := gm.collectMacmonPipe(); err != nil {
+				failures++
+				if failures > maxFailureRetries {
+					slog.Warn("macmon GPU collector failed repeatedly, stopping", "err", err)
+					break
+				}
+				slog.Warn("Error collecting macOS GPU data via macmon", "err", err)
+				time.Sleep(retryWaitTime)
+				continue
+			}
+			failures = 0
+			// `macmon pipe` is long-running; if it returns, wait a bit before restarting.
+			time.Sleep(retryWaitTime)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+type macmonTemp struct {
+	GPUTempAvg float64 `json:"gpu_temp_avg"`
+}
+
+type macmonSample struct {
+	GPUPower    float64    `json:"gpu_power"`     // watts (macmon reports fractional values)
+	GPURAMPower float64    `json:"gpu_ram_power"` // watts
+	GPUUsage    []float64  `json:"gpu_usage"`     // [freq_mhz, usage] where usage is typically 0..1
+	Temp        macmonTemp `json:"temp"`
+}
+
+func (gm *GPUManager) collectMacmonPipe() (err error) {
+	cmd := exec.Command(macmonCmd, "pipe", "-i", strconv.Itoa(macmonIntervalMs))
+	// Avoid blocking if macmon writes to stderr.
+	cmd.Stderr = io.Discard
+	stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Ensure we always reap the child to avoid zombies on any return path and
+	// propagate a non-zero exit code if no other error was set.
+	defer func() {
+		_ = stdout.Close()
+		if cmd.ProcessState == nil || !cmd.ProcessState.Exited() {
+			_ = cmd.Process.Kill()
+		}
+		if waitErr := cmd.Wait(); err == nil && waitErr != nil {
+			err = waitErr
+		}
+	}()
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(stdout)
+	var hadSample bool
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := bytes.TrimSpace(scanner.Bytes())
+		if len(line) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if gm.parseMacmonLine(line) {
+			hadSample = true
+		}
+	}
+	if scanErr := scanner.Err(); scanErr != nil {
+		return scanErr
+	}
+	if !hadSample {
+		return errNoValidData
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// parseMacmonLine parses a single macmon JSON line and updates Apple GPU metrics.
+func (gm *GPUManager) parseMacmonLine(line []byte) bool {
+	var sample macmonSample
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(line, &sample); err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	usage := 0.0
+	if len(sample.GPUUsage) >= 2 {
+		usage = sample.GPUUsage[1]
+		// Heuristic: macmon typically reports 0..1; convert to percentage.
+		if usage <= 1.0 {
+			usage *= 100
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Consider the line valid if it contains at least one GPU metric.
+	if usage == 0 && sample.GPUPower == 0 && sample.Temp.GPUTempAvg == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	gm.Lock()
+	defer gm.Unlock()
+
+	gpu, ok := gm.GpuDataMap[appleGPUID]
+	if !ok {
+		gpu = &system.GPUData{Name: "Apple GPU"}
+		gm.GpuDataMap[appleGPUID] = gpu
+	}
+	gpu.Temperature = sample.Temp.GPUTempAvg
+	gpu.Usage += usage
+	// macmon reports power in watts; include VRAM power if present.
+	gpu.Power += sample.GPUPower + sample.GPURAMPower
+	gpu.Count++
+	return true
+}

agent/gpu_darwin_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+//go:build darwin
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestParsePowermetricsData(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `
+Machine model: Mac14,10
+OS version: 25D125
+
+*** Sampled system activity (Sat Feb 14 00:42:06 2026 -0500) (503.05ms elapsed) ***
+
+**** GPU usage ****
+
+GPU HW active frequency: 444 MHz
+GPU HW active residency:   0.97% (444 MHz: .97% 612 MHz:   0% 808 MHz:   0% 968 MHz:   0% 1110 MHz:   0% 1236 MHz:   0% 1338 MHz:   0% 1398 MHz:   0%)
+GPU SW requested state: (P1 : 100% P2 :   0% P3 :   0% P4 :   0% P5 :   0% P6 :   0% P7 :   0% P8 :   0%)
+GPU idle residency:  99.03%
+GPU Power: 4 mW
+`
+	gm := &GPUManager{
+		GpuDataMap: make(map[string]*system.GPUData),
+	}
+	valid := gm.parsePowermetricsData([]byte(input))
+	require.True(t, valid)
+
+	g0, ok := gm.GpuDataMap["0"]
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Apple GPU", g0.Name)
+	// Usage = 100 - 99.03 = 0.97
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.97, g0.Usage, 0.01)
+	// 4 mW -> 0.004 W
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.004, g0.Power, 0.0001)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1.0, g0.Count)
+}
+
+func TestParsePowermetricsDataPartial(t *testing.T) {
+	// Only power line (e.g. older macOS or different sampler output)
+	input := `
+**** GPU usage ****
+GPU Power: 120 mW
+`
+	gm := &GPUManager{
+		GpuDataMap: make(map[string]*system.GPUData),
+	}
+	valid := gm.parsePowermetricsData([]byte(input))
+	require.True(t, valid)
+
+	g0, ok := gm.GpuDataMap["0"]
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Apple GPU", g0.Name)
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.12, g0.Power, 0.001)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1.0, g0.Count)
+}
+
+func TestParseMacmonLine(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `{"all_power":0.6468324661254883,"ane_power":0.0,"cpu_power":0.6359732151031494,"ecpu_usage":[2061,0.1726151406764984],"gpu_power":0.010859241709113121,"gpu_ram_power":0.000965250947047025,"gpu_usage":[503,0.013633215799927711],"memory":{"ram_total":17179869184,"ram_usage":12322914304,"swap_total":0,"swap_usage":0},"pcpu_usage":[1248,0.11792058497667313],"ram_power":0.14885640144348145,"sys_power":10.4955415725708,"temp":{"cpu_temp_avg":23.041261672973633,"gpu_temp_avg":29.44516944885254},"timestamp":"2026-02-17T19:34:27.942556+00:00"}`
+
+	gm := &GPUManager{
+		GpuDataMap: make(map[string]*system.GPUData),
+	}
+	valid := gm.parseMacmonLine([]byte(input))
+	require.True(t, valid)
+
+	g0, ok := gm.GpuDataMap["0"]
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Apple GPU", g0.Name)
+	// macmon reports usage fraction 0..1; expect percent conversion.
+	assert.InDelta(t, 1.3633, g0.Usage, 0.05)
+	// power includes gpu_power + gpu_ram_power
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.011824, g0.Power, 0.0005)
+	assert.InDelta(t, 29.445, g0.Temperature, 0.01)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1.0, g0.Count)
+}

agent/gpu_darwin_unsupported.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build !darwin
+
+package agent
+
+// startPowermetricsCollector is a no-op on non-darwin platforms; the real implementation is in gpu_darwin.go.
+func (gm *GPUManager) startPowermetricsCollector() {}
+
+// startMacmonCollector is a no-op on non-darwin platforms; the real implementation is in gpu_darwin.go.
+func (gm *GPUManager) startMacmonCollector() {}

agent/gpu_intel.go

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"io"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/utils"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+)
+
+const (
+	intelGpuStatsCmd      string = "intel_gpu_top"
+	intelGpuStatsInterval string = "3300" // in milliseconds
+)
+
+type intelGpuStats struct {
+	PowerGPU float64
+	PowerPkg float64
+	Engines  map[string]float64
+}
+
+// updateIntelFromStats updates aggregated GPU data from a single intelGpuStats sample
+func (gm *GPUManager) updateIntelFromStats(sample *intelGpuStats) bool {
+	gm.Lock()
+	defer gm.Unlock()
+
+	// only one gpu for now - cmd doesn't provide all by default
+	id := "i0" // prefix with i to avoid conflicts with nvidia card ids
+	gpuData, ok := gm.GpuDataMap[id]
+	if !ok {
+		gpuData = &system.GPUData{Name: "GPU", Engines: make(map[string]float64)}
+		gm.GpuDataMap[id] = gpuData
+	}
+
+	gpuData.Power += sample.PowerGPU
+	gpuData.PowerPkg += sample.PowerPkg
+
+	if gpuData.Engines == nil {
+		gpuData.Engines = make(map[string]float64, len(sample.Engines))
+	}
+	for name, engine := range sample.Engines {
+		gpuData.Engines[name] += engine
+	}
+
+	gpuData.Count++
+	return true
+}
+
+// collectIntelStats executes intel_gpu_top in text mode (-l) and parses the output
+func (gm *GPUManager) collectIntelStats() (err error) {
+	// Build command arguments, optionally selecting a device via -d
+	args := []string{"-s", intelGpuStatsInterval, "-l"}
+	if dev, ok := utils.GetEnv("INTEL_GPU_DEVICE"); ok && dev != "" {
+		args = append(args, "-d", dev)
+	}
+	cmd := exec.Command(intelGpuStatsCmd, args...)
+	// Avoid blocking if intel_gpu_top writes to stderr
+	cmd.Stderr = io.Discard
+	stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Ensure we always reap the child to avoid zombies on any return path and
+	// propagate a non-zero exit code if no other error was set.
+	defer func() {
+		// Best-effort close of the pipe (unblock the child if it writes)
+		_ = stdout.Close()
+		if cmd.ProcessState == nil || !cmd.ProcessState.Exited() {
+			_ = cmd.Process.Kill()
+		}
+		if waitErr := cmd.Wait(); err == nil && waitErr != nil {
+			err = waitErr
+		}
+	}()
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(stdout)
+	var header1 string
+	var engineNames []string
+	var friendlyNames []string
+	var preEngineCols int
+	var powerIndex int
+	var hadDataRow bool
+	// skip first data row because it sometimes has erroneous data
+	var skippedFirstDataRow bool
+
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())
+		if line == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// first header line
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "Freq") {
+			header1 = line
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// second header line
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "req") {
+			engineNames, friendlyNames, powerIndex, preEngineCols = gm.parseIntelHeaders(header1, line)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Data row
+		if !skippedFirstDataRow {
+			skippedFirstDataRow = true
+			continue
+		}
+		sample, err := gm.parseIntelData(line, engineNames, friendlyNames, powerIndex, preEngineCols)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		hadDataRow = true
+		gm.updateIntelFromStats(&sample)
+	}
+	if scanErr := scanner.Err(); scanErr != nil {
+		return scanErr
+	}
+	if !hadDataRow {
+		return errNoValidData
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (gm *GPUManager) parseIntelHeaders(header1 string, header2 string) (engineNames []string, friendlyNames []string, powerIndex int, preEngineCols int) {
+	// Build indexes
+	h1 := strings.Fields(header1)
+	h2 := strings.Fields(header2)
+	powerIndex = -1 // Initialize to -1, will be set to actual index if found
+	// Collect engine names from header1
+	for _, col := range h1 {
+		key := strings.TrimRightFunc(col, func(r rune) bool {
+			return (r >= '0' && r <= '9') || r == '/'
+		})
+		var friendly string
+		switch key {
+		case "RCS":
+			friendly = "Render/3D"
+		case "BCS":
+			friendly = "Blitter"
+		case "VCS":
+			friendly = "Video"
+		case "VECS":
+			friendly = "VideoEnhance"
+		case "CCS":
+			friendly = "Compute"
+		default:
+			continue
+		}
+		engineNames = append(engineNames, key)
+		friendlyNames = append(friendlyNames, friendly)
+	}
+	// find power gpu index among pre-engine columns
+	if n := len(engineNames); n > 0 {
+		preEngineCols = max(len(h2)-3*n, 0)
+		limit := min(len(h2), preEngineCols)
+		for i := range limit {
+			if strings.EqualFold(h2[i], "gpu") {
+				powerIndex = i
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return engineNames, friendlyNames, powerIndex, preEngineCols
+}
+
+func (gm *GPUManager) parseIntelData(line string, engineNames []string, friendlyNames []string, powerIndex int, preEngineCols int) (sample intelGpuStats, err error) {
+	fields := strings.Fields(line)
+	if len(fields) == 0 {
+		return sample, errNoValidData
+	}
+	// Make sure row has enough columns for engines
+	if need := preEngineCols + 3*len(engineNames); len(fields) < need {
+		return sample, errNoValidData
+	}
+	if powerIndex >= 0 && powerIndex < len(fields) {
+		if v, perr := strconv.ParseFloat(fields[powerIndex], 64); perr == nil {
+			sample.PowerGPU = v
+		}
+		if v, perr := strconv.ParseFloat(fields[powerIndex+1], 64); perr == nil {
+			sample.PowerPkg = v
+		}
+	}
+	if len(engineNames) > 0 {
+		sample.Engines = make(map[string]float64, len(engineNames))
+		for k := range engineNames {
+			base := preEngineCols + 3*k
+			if base < len(fields) {
+				busy := 0.0
+				if v, e := strconv.ParseFloat(fields[base], 64); e == nil {
+					busy = v
+				}
+				cur := sample.Engines[friendlyNames[k]]
+				sample.Engines[friendlyNames[k]] = cur + busy
+			} else {
+				sample.Engines[friendlyNames[k]] = 0
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return sample, nil
+}

agent/gpu_nvml.go

@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+//go:build amd64 && (windows || (linux && glibc))
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/ebitengine/purego"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+)
+
+// NVML constants and types
+const (
+	nvmlSuccess int = 0
+)
+
+type nvmlDevice uintptr
+
+type nvmlReturn int
+
+type nvmlMemoryV1 struct {
+	Total uint64
+	Free  uint64
+	Used  uint64
+}
+
+type nvmlMemoryV2 struct {
+	Version  uint32
+	Total    uint64
+	Reserved uint64
+	Free     uint64
+	Used     uint64
+}
+
+type nvmlUtilization struct {
+	Gpu    uint32
+	Memory uint32
+}
+
+type nvmlPciInfo struct {
+	BusId          [16]byte
+	Domain         uint32
+	Bus            uint32
+	Device         uint32
+	PciDeviceId    uint32
+	PciSubSystemId uint32
+}
+
+// NVML function signatures
+var (
+	nvmlInit                      func() nvmlReturn
+	nvmlShutdown                  func() nvmlReturn
+	nvmlDeviceGetCount            func(count *uint32) nvmlReturn
+	nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex    func(index uint32, device *nvmlDevice) nvmlReturn
+	nvmlDeviceGetName             func(device nvmlDevice, name *byte, length uint32) nvmlReturn
+	nvmlDeviceGetMemoryInfo       func(device nvmlDevice, memory uintptr) nvmlReturn
+	nvmlDeviceGetUtilizationRates func(device nvmlDevice, utilization *nvmlUtilization) nvmlReturn
+	nvmlDeviceGetTemperature      func(device nvmlDevice, sensorType int, temp *uint32) nvmlReturn
+	nvmlDeviceGetPowerUsage       func(device nvmlDevice, power *uint32) nvmlReturn
+	nvmlDeviceGetPciInfo          func(device nvmlDevice, pci *nvmlPciInfo) nvmlReturn
+	nvmlErrorString               func(result nvmlReturn) string
+)
+
+type nvmlCollector struct {
+	gm      *GPUManager
+	lib     uintptr
+	devices []nvmlDevice
+	bdfs    []string
+	isV2    bool
+}
+
+func (c *nvmlCollector) init() error {
+	slog.Debug("NVML: Initializing")
+	libPath := getNVMLPath()
+
+	lib, err := openLibrary(libPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load %s: %w", libPath, err)
+	}
+	c.lib = lib
+
+	purego.RegisterLibFunc(&nvmlInit, lib, "nvmlInit")
+	purego.RegisterLibFunc(&nvmlShutdown, lib, "nvmlShutdown")
+	purego.RegisterLibFunc(&nvmlDeviceGetCount, lib, "nvmlDeviceGetCount")
+	purego.RegisterLibFunc(&nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex, lib, "nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex")
+	purego.RegisterLibFunc(&nvmlDeviceGetName, lib, "nvmlDeviceGetName")
+	// Try to get v2 memory info, fallback to v1 if not available
+	if hasSymbol(lib, "nvmlDeviceGetMemoryInfo_v2") {
+		c.isV2 = true
+		purego.RegisterLibFunc(&nvmlDeviceGetMemoryInfo, lib, "nvmlDeviceGetMemoryInfo_v2")
+	} else {
+		purego.RegisterLibFunc(&nvmlDeviceGetMemoryInfo, lib, "nvmlDeviceGetMemoryInfo")
+	}
+	purego.RegisterLibFunc(&nvmlDeviceGetUtilizationRates, lib, "nvmlDeviceGetUtilizationRates")
+	purego.RegisterLibFunc(&nvmlDeviceGetTemperature, lib, "nvmlDeviceGetTemperature")
+	purego.RegisterLibFunc(&nvmlDeviceGetPowerUsage, lib, "nvmlDeviceGetPowerUsage")
+	purego.RegisterLibFunc(&nvmlDeviceGetPciInfo, lib, "nvmlDeviceGetPciInfo")
+	purego.RegisterLibFunc(&nvmlErrorString, lib, "nvmlErrorString")
+
+	if ret := nvmlInit(); ret != nvmlReturn(nvmlSuccess) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("nvmlInit failed: %v", ret)
+	}
+
+	var count uint32
+	if ret := nvmlDeviceGetCount(&count); ret != nvmlReturn(nvmlSuccess) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("nvmlDeviceGetCount failed: %v", ret)
+	}
+
+	for i := uint32(0); i < count; i++ {
+		var device nvmlDevice
+		if ret := nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex(i, &device); ret == nvmlReturn(nvmlSuccess) {
+			c.devices = append(c.devices, device)
+			// Get BDF for power state check
+			var pci nvmlPciInfo
+			if ret := nvmlDeviceGetPciInfo(device, &pci); ret == nvmlReturn(nvmlSuccess) {
+				busID := string(pci.BusId[:])
+				if idx := strings.Index(busID, "\x00"); idx != -1 {
+					busID = busID[:idx]
+				}
+				c.bdfs = append(c.bdfs, strings.ToLower(busID))
+			} else {
+				c.bdfs = append(c.bdfs, "")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *nvmlCollector) start() {
+	defer nvmlShutdown()
+	ticker := time.Tick(3 * time.Second)
+
+	for range ticker {
+		c.collect()
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *nvmlCollector) collect() {
+	c.gm.Lock()
+	defer c.gm.Unlock()
+
+	for i, device := range c.devices {
+		id := fmt.Sprintf("%d", i)
+		bdf := c.bdfs[i]
+
+		// Update GPUDataMap
+		if _, ok := c.gm.GpuDataMap[id]; !ok {
+			var nameBuf [64]byte
+			if ret := nvmlDeviceGetName(device, &nameBuf[0], 64); ret != nvmlReturn(nvmlSuccess) {
+				continue
+			}
+			name := string(nameBuf[:strings.Index(string(nameBuf[:]), "\x00")])
+			name = strings.TrimPrefix(name, "NVIDIA ")
+			c.gm.GpuDataMap[id] = &system.GPUData{Name: strings.TrimSuffix(name, " Laptop GPU")}
+		}
+		gpu := c.gm.GpuDataMap[id]
+
+		if bdf != "" && !c.isGPUActive(bdf) {
+			slog.Debug("NVML: GPU is suspended, skipping", "bdf", bdf)
+			gpu.Temperature = 0
+			gpu.MemoryUsed = 0
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Utilization
+		var utilization nvmlUtilization
+		if ret := nvmlDeviceGetUtilizationRates(device, &utilization); ret != nvmlReturn(nvmlSuccess) {
+			slog.Debug("NVML: Utilization failed (GPU likely suspended)", "bdf", bdf, "ret", ret)
+			gpu.Temperature = 0
+			gpu.MemoryUsed = 0
+			continue
+		}
+
+		slog.Debug("NVML: Collecting data for GPU", "bdf", bdf)
+
+		// Temperature
+		var temp uint32
+		nvmlDeviceGetTemperature(device, 0, &temp) // 0 is NVML_TEMPERATURE_GPU
+
+		// Memory: only poll if GPU is active to avoid leaving D3cold state (#1522)
+		if utilization.Gpu > 0 {
+			var usedMem, totalMem uint64
+			if c.isV2 {
+				var memory nvmlMemoryV2
+				memory.Version = 0x02000028 // (2 << 24) | 40 bytes
+				if ret := nvmlDeviceGetMemoryInfo(device, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&memory))); ret != nvmlReturn(nvmlSuccess) {
+					slog.Debug("NVML: MemoryInfo_v2 failed", "bdf", bdf, "ret", ret)
+				} else {
+					usedMem = memory.Used
+					totalMem = memory.Total
+				}
+			} else {
+				var memory nvmlMemoryV1
+				if ret := nvmlDeviceGetMemoryInfo(device, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&memory))); ret != nvmlReturn(nvmlSuccess) {
+					slog.Debug("NVML: MemoryInfo failed", "bdf", bdf, "ret", ret)
+				} else {
+					usedMem = memory.Used
+					totalMem = memory.Total
+				}
+			}
+			if totalMem > 0 {
+				gpu.MemoryUsed = float64(usedMem) / 1024 / 1024 / mebibytesInAMegabyte
+				gpu.MemoryTotal = float64(totalMem) / 1024 / 1024 / mebibytesInAMegabyte
+			}
+		} else {
+			slog.Debug("NVML: Skipping memory info (utilization=0)", "bdf", bdf)
+		}
+
+		// Power
+		var power uint32
+		nvmlDeviceGetPowerUsage(device, &power)
+
+		gpu.Temperature = float64(temp)
+		gpu.Usage += float64(utilization.Gpu)
+		gpu.Power += float64(power) / 1000.0
+		gpu.Count++
+		slog.Debug("NVML: Collected data", "gpu", gpu)
+	}
+}

agent/gpu_nvml_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//go:build glibc && linux && amd64
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ebitengine/purego"
+)
+
+func openLibrary(name string) (uintptr, error) {
+	return purego.Dlopen(name, purego.RTLD_NOW|purego.RTLD_GLOBAL)
+}
+
+func getNVMLPath() string {
+	return "libnvidia-ml.so.1"
+}
+
+func hasSymbol(lib uintptr, symbol string) bool {
+	_, err := purego.Dlsym(lib, symbol)
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+func (c *nvmlCollector) isGPUActive(bdf string) bool {
+	// runtime_status
+	statusPath := filepath.Join("/sys/bus/pci/devices", bdf, "power/runtime_status")
+	status, err := os.ReadFile(statusPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Debug("NVML: Can't read runtime_status", "bdf", bdf, "err", err)
+		return true // Assume active if we can't read status
+	}
+	statusStr := strings.TrimSpace(string(status))
+	if statusStr != "active" && statusStr != "resuming" {
+		slog.Debug("NVML: GPU not active", "bdf", bdf, "status", statusStr)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// power_state (D0 check)
+	// Find any drm card device power_state
+	pstatePathPattern := filepath.Join("/sys/bus/pci/devices", bdf, "drm/card*/device/power_state")
+	matches, _ := filepath.Glob(pstatePathPattern)
+	if len(matches) > 0 {
+		pstate, err := os.ReadFile(matches[0])
+		if err == nil {
+			pstateStr := strings.TrimSpace(string(pstate))
+			if pstateStr != "D0" {
+				slog.Debug("NVML: GPU not in D0 state", "bdf", bdf, "pstate", pstateStr)
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true
+}

agent/gpu_nvml_unsupported.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build (!linux && !windows) || !amd64 || (linux && !glibc)
+
+package agent
+
+import "fmt"
+
+type nvmlCollector struct {
+	gm *GPUManager
+}
+
+func (c *nvmlCollector) init() error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("nvml not supported on this platform")
+}
+
+func (c *nvmlCollector) start() {}

agent/gpu_nvml_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//go:build windows && amd64
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+func openLibrary(name string) (uintptr, error) {
+	handle, err := windows.LoadLibrary(name)
+	return uintptr(handle), err
+}
+
+func getNVMLPath() string {
+	return "nvml.dll"
+}
+
+func hasSymbol(lib uintptr, symbol string) bool {
+	_, err := windows.GetProcAddress(windows.Handle(lib), symbol)
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+func (c *nvmlCollector) isGPUActive(bdf string) bool {
+	return true
+}

agent/gpu_nvtop.go

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/utils"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+)
+
+type nvtopSnapshot struct {
+	DeviceName string  `json:"device_name"`
+	Temp       *string `json:"temp"`
+	PowerDraw  *string `json:"power_draw"`
+	GpuUtil    *string `json:"gpu_util"`
+	MemTotal   *string `json:"mem_total"`
+	MemUsed    *string `json:"mem_used"`
+}
+
+// parseNvtopNumber parses nvtop numeric strings with units (C/W/%).
+func parseNvtopNumber(raw string) float64 {
+	cleaned := strings.TrimSpace(raw)
+	cleaned = strings.TrimSuffix(cleaned, "C")
+	cleaned = strings.TrimSuffix(cleaned, "W")
+	cleaned = strings.TrimSuffix(cleaned, "%")
+	val, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(cleaned, 64)
+	return val
+}
+
+// parseNvtopData parses a single nvtop JSON snapshot payload.
+func (gm *GPUManager) parseNvtopData(output []byte) bool {
+	var snapshots []nvtopSnapshot
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(output, &snapshots); err != nil || len(snapshots) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	return gm.updateNvtopSnapshots(snapshots)
+}
+
+// updateNvtopSnapshots applies one decoded nvtop snapshot batch to GPU accumulators.
+func (gm *GPUManager) updateNvtopSnapshots(snapshots []nvtopSnapshot) bool {
+	gm.Lock()
+	defer gm.Unlock()
+
+	valid := false
+	usedIDs := make(map[string]struct{}, len(snapshots))
+	for i, sample := range snapshots {
+		if sample.DeviceName == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		indexID := "n" + strconv.Itoa(i)
+		id := indexID
+
+		// nvtop ordering can change, so prefer reusing an existing slot with matching device name.
+		if existingByIndex, ok := gm.GpuDataMap[indexID]; ok && existingByIndex.Name != "" && existingByIndex.Name != sample.DeviceName {
+			for existingID, gpu := range gm.GpuDataMap {
+				if !strings.HasPrefix(existingID, "n") {
+					continue
+				}
+				if _, taken := usedIDs[existingID]; taken {
+					continue
+				}
+				if gpu.Name == sample.DeviceName {
+					id = existingID
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if _, ok := gm.GpuDataMap[id]; !ok {
+			gm.GpuDataMap[id] = &system.GPUData{Name: sample.DeviceName}
+		}
+		gpu := gm.GpuDataMap[id]
+		gpu.Name = sample.DeviceName
+
+		if sample.Temp != nil {
+			gpu.Temperature = parseNvtopNumber(*sample.Temp)
+		}
+		if sample.MemUsed != nil {
+			gpu.MemoryUsed = utils.BytesToMegabytes(parseNvtopNumber(*sample.MemUsed))
+		}
+		if sample.MemTotal != nil {
+			gpu.MemoryTotal = utils.BytesToMegabytes(parseNvtopNumber(*sample.MemTotal))
+		}
+		if sample.GpuUtil != nil {
+			gpu.Usage += parseNvtopNumber(*sample.GpuUtil)
+		}
+		if sample.PowerDraw != nil {
+			gpu.Power += parseNvtopNumber(*sample.PowerDraw)
+		}
+		gpu.Count++
+		usedIDs[id] = struct{}{}
+		valid = true
+	}
+	return valid
+}
+
+// collectNvtopStats runs nvtop loop mode and continuously decodes JSON snapshots.
+func (gm *GPUManager) collectNvtopStats(interval string) error {
+	cmd := exec.Command(nvtopCmd, "-lP", "-d", interval)
+	stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		_ = stdout.Close()
+		if cmd.ProcessState == nil || !cmd.ProcessState.Exited() {
+			_ = cmd.Process.Kill()
+		}
+		_ = cmd.Wait()
+	}()
+
+	decoder := json.NewDecoder(stdout)
+	foundValid := false
+	for {
+		var snapshots []nvtopSnapshot
+		if err := decoder.Decode(&snapshots); err != nil {
+			if err == io.EOF {
+				if foundValid {
+					return nil
+				}
+				return errNoValidData
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+		if gm.updateNvtopSnapshots(snapshots) {
+			foundValid = true
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// startNvtopCollector starts nvtop collection with retry or fallback callback handling.
+func (gm *GPUManager) startNvtopCollector(interval string, onFailure func()) {
+	go func() {
+		failures := 0
+		for {
+			if err := gm.collectNvtopStats(interval); err != nil {
+				if onFailure != nil {
+					slog.Warn("Error collecting GPU data via nvtop", "err", err)
+					onFailure()
+					return
+				}
+				failures++
+				if failures > maxFailureRetries {
+					break
+				}
+				slog.Warn("Error collecting GPU data via nvtop", "err", err)
+				time.Sleep(retryWaitTime)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}

agent/handlers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/common"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/smart"
+
+	"log/slog"
+)
+
+// HandlerContext provides context for request handlers
+type HandlerContext struct {
+	Client      *WebSocketClient
+	Agent       *Agent
+	Request     *common.HubRequest[cbor.RawMessage]
+	RequestID   *uint32
+	HubVerified bool
+	// SendResponse abstracts how a handler sends responses (WS or SSH)
+	SendResponse func(data any, requestID *uint32) error
+}
+
+// RequestHandler defines the interface for handling specific websocket request types
+type RequestHandler interface {
+	// Handle processes the request and returns an error if unsuccessful
+	Handle(hctx *HandlerContext) error
+}
+
+// Responder sends handler responses back to the hub (over WS or SSH)
+type Responder interface {
+	SendResponse(data any, requestID *uint32) error
+}
+
+// HandlerRegistry manages the mapping between actions and their handlers
+type HandlerRegistry struct {
+	handlers map[common.WebSocketAction]RequestHandler
+}
+
+// NewHandlerRegistry creates a new handler registry with default handlers
+func NewHandlerRegistry() *HandlerRegistry {
+	registry := &HandlerRegistry{
+		handlers: make(map[common.WebSocketAction]RequestHandler),
+	}
+
+	registry.Register(common.GetData, &GetDataHandler{})
+	registry.Register(common.CheckFingerprint, &CheckFingerprintHandler{})
+	registry.Register(common.GetContainerLogs, &GetContainerLogsHandler{})
+	registry.Register(common.GetContainerInfo, &GetContainerInfoHandler{})
+	registry.Register(common.GetSmartData, &GetSmartDataHandler{})
+	registry.Register(common.GetSystemdInfo, &GetSystemdInfoHandler{})
+
+	return registry
+}
+
+// Register registers a handler for a specific action type
+func (hr *HandlerRegistry) Register(action common.WebSocketAction, handler RequestHandler) {
+	hr.handlers[action] = handler
+}
+
+// Handle routes the request to the appropriate handler
+func (hr *HandlerRegistry) Handle(hctx *HandlerContext) error {
+	handler, exists := hr.handlers[hctx.Request.Action]
+	if !exists {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown action: %d", hctx.Request.Action)
+	}
+
+	// Check verification requirement - default to requiring verification
+	if hctx.Request.Action != common.CheckFingerprint && !hctx.HubVerified {
+		return errors.New("hub not verified")
+	}
+
+	// Log handler execution for debugging
+	// slog.Debug("Executing handler", "action", hctx.Request.Action)
+
+	return handler.Handle(hctx)
+}
+
+// GetHandler returns the handler for a specific action
+func (hr *HandlerRegistry) GetHandler(action common.WebSocketAction) (RequestHandler, bool) {
+	handler, exists := hr.handlers[action]
+	return handler, exists
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// GetDataHandler handles system data requests
+type GetDataHandler struct{}
+
+func (h *GetDataHandler) Handle(hctx *HandlerContext) error {
+	var options common.DataRequestOptions
+	_ = cbor.Unmarshal(hctx.Request.Data, &options)
+
+	sysStats := hctx.Agent.gatherStats(options)
+	return hctx.SendResponse(sysStats, hctx.RequestID)
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// CheckFingerprintHandler handles authentication challenges
+type CheckFingerprintHandler struct{}
+
+func (h *CheckFingerprintHandler) Handle(hctx *HandlerContext) error {
+	return hctx.Client.handleAuthChallenge(hctx.Request, hctx.RequestID)
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// GetContainerLogsHandler handles container log requests
+type GetContainerLogsHandler struct{}
+
+func (h *GetContainerLogsHandler) Handle(hctx *HandlerContext) error {
+	if hctx.Agent.dockerManager == nil {
+		return hctx.SendResponse("", hctx.RequestID)
+	}
+
+	var req common.ContainerLogsRequest
+	if err := cbor.Unmarshal(hctx.Request.Data, &req); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	logContent, err := hctx.Agent.dockerManager.getLogs(ctx, req.ContainerID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return hctx.SendResponse(logContent, hctx.RequestID)
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// GetContainerInfoHandler handles container info requests
+type GetContainerInfoHandler struct{}
+
+func (h *GetContainerInfoHandler) Handle(hctx *HandlerContext) error {
+	if hctx.Agent.dockerManager == nil {
+		return hctx.SendResponse("", hctx.RequestID)
+	}
+
+	var req common.ContainerInfoRequest
+	if err := cbor.Unmarshal(hctx.Request.Data, &req); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	info, err := hctx.Agent.dockerManager.getContainerInfo(ctx, req.ContainerID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return hctx.SendResponse(string(info), hctx.RequestID)
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// GetSmartDataHandler handles SMART data requests
+type GetSmartDataHandler struct{}
+
+func (h *GetSmartDataHandler) Handle(hctx *HandlerContext) error {
+	if hctx.Agent.smartManager == nil {
+		// return empty map to indicate no data
+		return hctx.SendResponse(map[string]smart.SmartData{}, hctx.RequestID)
+	}
+	if err := hctx.Agent.smartManager.Refresh(false); err != nil {
+		slog.Debug("smart refresh failed", "err", err)
+	}
+	data := hctx.Agent.smartManager.GetCurrentData()
+	return hctx.SendResponse(data, hctx.RequestID)
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// GetSystemdInfoHandler handles detailed systemd service info requests
+type GetSystemdInfoHandler struct{}
+
+func (h *GetSystemdInfoHandler) Handle(hctx *HandlerContext) error {
+	if hctx.Agent.systemdManager == nil {
+		return errors.ErrUnsupported
+	}
+
+	var req common.SystemdInfoRequest
+	if err := cbor.Unmarshal(hctx.Request.Data, &req); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if req.ServiceName == "" {
+		return errors.New("service name is required")
+	}
+
+	details, err := hctx.Agent.systemdManager.getServiceDetails(req.ServiceName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return hctx.SendResponse(details, hctx.RequestID)
+}

agent/handlers_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+//go:build testing
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/common"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+// MockHandler for testing
+type MockHandler struct {
+	requiresVerification bool
+	description          string
+	handleFunc           func(ctx *HandlerContext) error
+}
+
+func (m *MockHandler) Handle(ctx *HandlerContext) error {
+	if m.handleFunc != nil {
+		return m.handleFunc(ctx)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *MockHandler) RequiresVerification() bool {
+	return m.requiresVerification
+}
+
+// TestHandlerRegistry tests the handler registry functionality
+func TestHandlerRegistry(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("default registration", func(t *testing.T) {
+		registry := NewHandlerRegistry()
+
+		// Check default handlers are registered
+		getDataHandler, exists := registry.GetHandler(common.GetData)
+		assert.True(t, exists)
+		assert.IsType(t, &GetDataHandler{}, getDataHandler)
+
+		fingerprintHandler, exists := registry.GetHandler(common.CheckFingerprint)
+		assert.True(t, exists)
+		assert.IsType(t, &CheckFingerprintHandler{}, fingerprintHandler)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("custom handler registration", func(t *testing.T) {
+		registry := NewHandlerRegistry()
+		mockHandler := &MockHandler{
+			requiresVerification: true,
+			description:          "Test handler",
+		}
+
+		// Register a custom handler for a mock action
+		const mockAction common.WebSocketAction = 99
+		registry.Register(mockAction, mockHandler)
+
+		// Verify registration
+		handler, exists := registry.GetHandler(mockAction)
+		assert.True(t, exists)
+		assert.Equal(t, mockHandler, handler)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unknown action", func(t *testing.T) {
+		registry := NewHandlerRegistry()
+		ctx := &HandlerContext{
+			Request: &common.HubRequest[cbor.RawMessage]{
+				Action: common.WebSocketAction(255), // Unknown action
+			},
+			HubVerified: true,
+		}
+
+		err := registry.Handle(ctx)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "unknown action: 255")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("verification required", func(t *testing.T) {
+		registry := NewHandlerRegistry()
+		ctx := &HandlerContext{
+			Request: &common.HubRequest[cbor.RawMessage]{
+				Action: common.GetData, // Requires verification
+			},
+			HubVerified: false, // Not verified
+		}
+
+		err := registry.Handle(ctx)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "hub not verified")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestCheckFingerprintHandler tests the CheckFingerprint handler
+func TestCheckFingerprintHandler(t *testing.T) {
+	handler := &CheckFingerprintHandler{}
+
+	t.Run("handle with invalid data", func(t *testing.T) {
+		client := &WebSocketClient{}
+		ctx := &HandlerContext{
+			Client:      client,
+			HubVerified: false,
+			Request: &common.HubRequest[cbor.RawMessage]{
+				Action: common.CheckFingerprint,
+				Data:   cbor.RawMessage{}, // Empty/invalid data
+			},
+		}
+
+		// Should fail to decode the fingerprint request
+		err := handler.Handle(ctx)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}

agent/health/health.go

@@ -9,11 +9,31 @@ import (
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
 	"time"
 )
 
 // healthFile is the path to the health file
-var healthFile = filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "beszel_health")
+var healthFile = getHealthFilePath()
+
+func getHealthFilePath() string {
+	filename := "beszel_health"
+	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
+		fullPath := filepath.Join("/dev/shm", filename)
+		if err := updateHealthFile(fullPath); err == nil {
+			return fullPath
+		}
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), filename)
+}
+
+func updateHealthFile(path string) error {
+	file, err := os.Create(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return file.Close()
+}
 
 // Check checks if the agent is connected by checking the modification time of the health file
 func Check() error {
@@ -30,11 +50,7 @@ func Check() error {
 
 // Update updates the modification time of the health file
 func Update() error {
-	file, err := os.Create(healthFile)
+	return updateHealthFile(healthFile)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return file.Close()
 }
 
 // CleanUp removes the health file

agent/health/health_test.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build testing
-// +build testing
 
 package health
 
@@ -37,7 +36,6 @@ func TestHealth(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	// This test uses synctest to simulate time passing.
-	// NOTE: This test requires GOEXPERIMENT=synctest to run.
 	t.Run("check with simulated time", func(t *testing.T) {
 		synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 			// Update the file to set the initial timestamp.

agent/lhm/beszel_lhm.cs

@@ -52,7 +52,12 @@ class Program
     foreach (var sensor in hardware.Sensors)
     {
       var validTemp = sensor.SensorType == SensorType.Temperature && sensor.Value.HasValue;
-      if (!validTemp || sensor.Name.Contains("Distance"))
+      if (!validTemp ||
+          sensor.Name.IndexOf("Distance", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) >= 0 ||
+          sensor.Name.IndexOf("Limit", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) >= 0 ||
+          sensor.Name.IndexOf("Critical", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) >= 0 ||
+          sensor.Name.IndexOf("Warning", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) >= 0 ||
+          sensor.Name.IndexOf("Resolution", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) >= 0)
       {
         continue;
       }

agent/lhm/beszel_lhm.csproj

@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <TargetFramework>net48</TargetFramework>
     <Platforms>x64</Platforms>
+    <RuntimeIdentifier>win-x64</RuntimeIdentifier>
+    <AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>false</AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="LibreHardwareMonitorLib" Version="0.9.4" />
+    <PackageReference Include="LibreHardwareMonitorLib" Version="0.9.5" />
   </ItemGroup>
 </Project>

agent/mdraid_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/utils"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/smart"
+)
+
+// mdraidSysfsRoot is a test hook; production value is "/sys".
+var mdraidSysfsRoot = "/sys"
+
+type mdraidHealth struct {
+	level         string
+	arrayState    string
+	degraded      uint64
+	raidDisks     uint64
+	syncAction    string
+	syncCompleted string
+	syncSpeed     string
+	mismatchCnt   uint64
+	capacity      uint64
+}
+
+// scanMdraidDevices discovers Linux md arrays exposed in sysfs.
+func scanMdraidDevices() []*DeviceInfo {
+	blockDir := filepath.Join(mdraidSysfsRoot, "block")
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(blockDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	devices := make([]*DeviceInfo, 0, 2)
+	for _, ent := range entries {
+		name := ent.Name()
+		if !isMdraidBlockName(name) {
+			continue
+		}
+		mdDir := filepath.Join(blockDir, name, "md")
+		if !utils.FileExists(filepath.Join(mdDir, "array_state")) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		devPath := filepath.Join("/dev", name)
+		devices = append(devices, &DeviceInfo{
+			Name:     devPath,
+			Type:     "mdraid",
+			InfoName: devPath + " [mdraid]",
+			Protocol: "MD",
+		})
+	}
+
+	return devices
+}
+
+// collectMdraidHealth reads mdraid health and stores it in SmartDataMap.
+func (sm *SmartManager) collectMdraidHealth(deviceInfo *DeviceInfo) (bool, error) {
+	if deviceInfo == nil || deviceInfo.Name == "" {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	base := filepath.Base(deviceInfo.Name)
+	if !isMdraidBlockName(base) && !strings.EqualFold(deviceInfo.Type, "mdraid") {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	health, ok := readMdraidHealth(base)
+	if !ok {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	deviceInfo.Type = "mdraid"
+	key := fmt.Sprintf("mdraid:%s", base)
+	status := mdraidSmartStatus(health)
+
+	attrs := make([]*smart.SmartAttribute, 0, 10)
+	if health.arrayState != "" {
+		attrs = append(attrs, &smart.SmartAttribute{Name: "ArrayState", RawString: health.arrayState})
+	}
+	if health.level != "" {
+		attrs = append(attrs, &smart.SmartAttribute{Name: "RaidLevel", RawString: health.level})
+	}
+	if health.raidDisks > 0 {
+		attrs = append(attrs, &smart.SmartAttribute{Name: "RaidDisks", RawValue: health.raidDisks})
+	}
+	if health.degraded > 0 {
+		attrs = append(attrs, &smart.SmartAttribute{Name: "Degraded", RawValue: health.degraded})
+	}
+	if health.syncAction != "" {
+		attrs = append(attrs, &smart.SmartAttribute{Name: "SyncAction", RawString: health.syncAction})
+	}
+	if health.syncCompleted != "" {
+		attrs = append(attrs, &smart.SmartAttribute{Name: "SyncCompleted", RawString: health.syncCompleted})
+	}
+	if health.syncSpeed != "" {
+		attrs = append(attrs, &smart.SmartAttribute{Name: "SyncSpeed", RawString: health.syncSpeed})
+	}
+	if health.mismatchCnt > 0 {
+		attrs = append(attrs, &smart.SmartAttribute{Name: "MismatchCount", RawValue: health.mismatchCnt})
+	}
+
+	sm.Lock()
+	defer sm.Unlock()
+
+	if _, exists := sm.SmartDataMap[key]; !exists {
+		sm.SmartDataMap[key] = &smart.SmartData{}
+	}
+
+	data := sm.SmartDataMap[key]
+	data.ModelName = "Linux MD RAID"
+	if health.level != "" {
+		data.ModelName = "Linux MD RAID (" + health.level + ")"
+	}
+	data.Capacity = health.capacity
+	data.SmartStatus = status
+	data.DiskName = filepath.Join("/dev", base)
+	data.DiskType = "mdraid"
+	data.Attributes = attrs
+
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+// readMdraidHealth reads md array health fields from sysfs.
+func readMdraidHealth(blockName string) (mdraidHealth, bool) {
+	var out mdraidHealth
+
+	if !isMdraidBlockName(blockName) {
+		return out, false
+	}
+
+	mdDir := filepath.Join(mdraidSysfsRoot, "block", blockName, "md")
+	arrayState, okState := utils.ReadStringFileOK(filepath.Join(mdDir, "array_state"))
+	if !okState {
+		return out, false
+	}
+
+	out.arrayState = arrayState
+	out.level = utils.ReadStringFile(filepath.Join(mdDir, "level"))
+	out.syncAction = utils.ReadStringFile(filepath.Join(mdDir, "sync_action"))
+	out.syncCompleted = utils.ReadStringFile(filepath.Join(mdDir, "sync_completed"))
+	out.syncSpeed = utils.ReadStringFile(filepath.Join(mdDir, "sync_speed"))
+
+	if val, ok := utils.ReadUintFile(filepath.Join(mdDir, "raid_disks")); ok {
+		out.raidDisks = val
+	}
+	if val, ok := utils.ReadUintFile(filepath.Join(mdDir, "degraded")); ok {
+		out.degraded = val
+	}
+	if val, ok := utils.ReadUintFile(filepath.Join(mdDir, "mismatch_cnt")); ok {
+		out.mismatchCnt = val
+	}
+
+	if capBytes, ok := readMdraidBlockCapacityBytes(blockName, mdraidSysfsRoot); ok {
+		out.capacity = capBytes
+	}
+
+	return out, true
+}
+
+// mdraidSmartStatus maps md state/sync signals to a SMART-like status.
+func mdraidSmartStatus(health mdraidHealth) string {
+	state := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(health.arrayState))
+	switch state {
+	case "inactive", "faulty", "broken", "stopped":
+		return "FAILED"
+	}
+	if health.degraded > 0 {
+		return "FAILED"
+	}
+	switch strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(health.syncAction)) {
+	case "resync", "recover", "reshape", "check", "repair":
+		return "WARNING"
+	}
+	switch state {
+	case "clean", "active", "active-idle", "write-pending", "read-auto", "readonly":
+		return "PASSED"
+	}
+	return "UNKNOWN"
+}
+
+// isMdraidBlockName matches /dev/mdN-style block device names.
+func isMdraidBlockName(name string) bool {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(name, "md") {
+		return false
+	}
+	suffix := strings.TrimPrefix(name, "md")
+	if suffix == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, c := range suffix {
+		if c < '0' || c > '9' {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// readMdraidBlockCapacityBytes converts block size metadata into bytes.
+func readMdraidBlockCapacityBytes(blockName, root string) (uint64, bool) {
+	sizePath := filepath.Join(root, "block", blockName, "size")
+	lbsPath := filepath.Join(root, "block", blockName, "queue", "logical_block_size")
+
+	sizeStr, ok := utils.ReadStringFileOK(sizePath)
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	sectors, err := strconv.ParseUint(sizeStr, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil || sectors == 0 {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+
+	logicalBlockSize := uint64(512)
+	if lbsStr, ok := utils.ReadStringFileOK(lbsPath); ok {
+		if parsed, err := strconv.ParseUint(lbsStr, 10, 64); err == nil && parsed > 0 {
+			logicalBlockSize = parsed
+		}
+	}
+
+	return sectors * logicalBlockSize, true
+}

agent/mdraid_linux_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/smart"
+)
+
+func TestMdraidMockSysfsScanAndCollect(t *testing.T) {
+	tmp := t.TempDir()
+	prev := mdraidSysfsRoot
+	mdraidSysfsRoot = tmp
+	t.Cleanup(func() { mdraidSysfsRoot = prev })
+
+	mdDir := filepath.Join(tmp, "block", "md0", "md")
+	queueDir := filepath.Join(tmp, "block", "md0", "queue")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(mdDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(queueDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	write := func(path, content string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(content), 0o644); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	write(filepath.Join(mdDir, "array_state"), "active\n")
+	write(filepath.Join(mdDir, "level"), "raid1\n")
+	write(filepath.Join(mdDir, "raid_disks"), "2\n")
+	write(filepath.Join(mdDir, "degraded"), "0\n")
+	write(filepath.Join(mdDir, "sync_action"), "resync\n")
+	write(filepath.Join(mdDir, "sync_completed"), "10%\n")
+	write(filepath.Join(mdDir, "sync_speed"), "100M\n")
+	write(filepath.Join(mdDir, "mismatch_cnt"), "0\n")
+	write(filepath.Join(queueDir, "logical_block_size"), "512\n")
+	write(filepath.Join(tmp, "block", "md0", "size"), "2048\n")
+
+	devs := scanMdraidDevices()
+	if len(devs) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("scanMdraidDevices() = %d devices, want 1", len(devs))
+	}
+	if devs[0].Name != "/dev/md0" || devs[0].Type != "mdraid" {
+		t.Fatalf("scanMdraidDevices()[0] = %+v, want Name=/dev/md0 Type=mdraid", devs[0])
+	}
+
+	sm := &SmartManager{SmartDataMap: map[string]*smart.SmartData{}}
+	ok, err := sm.collectMdraidHealth(devs[0])
+	if err != nil || !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("collectMdraidHealth() = (ok=%v, err=%v), want (true,nil)", ok, err)
+	}
+	if len(sm.SmartDataMap) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("SmartDataMap len=%d, want 1", len(sm.SmartDataMap))
+	}
+	var got *smart.SmartData
+	for _, v := range sm.SmartDataMap {
+		got = v
+		break
+	}
+	if got == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SmartDataMap value nil")
+	}
+	if got.DiskType != "mdraid" || got.DiskName != "/dev/md0" {
+		t.Fatalf("disk fields = (type=%q name=%q), want (mdraid,/dev/md0)", got.DiskType, got.DiskName)
+	}
+	if got.SmartStatus != "WARNING" {
+		t.Fatalf("SmartStatus=%q, want WARNING", got.SmartStatus)
+	}
+	if got.ModelName == "" || got.Capacity == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("identity fields = (model=%q cap=%d), want non-empty model and cap>0", got.ModelName, got.Capacity)
+	}
+	if len(got.Attributes) < 5 {
+		t.Fatalf("attributes len=%d, want >= 5", len(got.Attributes))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMdraidSmartStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := mdraidSmartStatus(mdraidHealth{arrayState: "inactive"}); got != "FAILED" {
+		t.Fatalf("mdraidSmartStatus(inactive) = %q, want FAILED", got)
+	}
+	if got := mdraidSmartStatus(mdraidHealth{arrayState: "active", degraded: 1}); got != "FAILED" {
+		t.Fatalf("mdraidSmartStatus(degraded) = %q, want FAILED", got)
+	}
+	if got := mdraidSmartStatus(mdraidHealth{arrayState: "active", syncAction: "recover"}); got != "WARNING" {
+		t.Fatalf("mdraidSmartStatus(recover) = %q, want WARNING", got)
+	}
+	if got := mdraidSmartStatus(mdraidHealth{arrayState: "clean"}); got != "PASSED" {
+		t.Fatalf("mdraidSmartStatus(clean) = %q, want PASSED", got)
+	}
+	if got := mdraidSmartStatus(mdraidHealth{arrayState: "unknown"}); got != "UNKNOWN" {
+		t.Fatalf("mdraidSmartStatus(unknown) = %q, want UNKNOWN", got)
+	}
+}

agent/mdraid_stub.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package agent
+
+func scanMdraidDevices() []*DeviceInfo {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (sm *SmartManager) collectMdraidHealth(deviceInfo *DeviceInfo) (bool, error) {
+	return false, nil
+}

agent/network.go

@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/deltatracker"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/utils"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+	psutilNet "github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4/net"
+)
+
+// NicConfig controls inclusion/exclusion of network interfaces via the NICS env var
+//
+// Behavior mirrors SensorConfig's matching logic:
+// - Leading '-' means blacklist mode; otherwise whitelist mode
+// - Supports '*' wildcards using path.Match
+// - In whitelist mode with an empty list, no NICs are selected
+// - In blacklist mode with an empty list, all NICs are selected
+type NicConfig struct {
+	nics         map[string]struct{}
+	isBlacklist  bool
+	hasWildcards bool
+}
+
+func newNicConfig(nicsEnvVal string) *NicConfig {
+	cfg := &NicConfig{
+		nics: make(map[string]struct{}),
+	}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(nicsEnvVal, "-") {
+		cfg.isBlacklist = true
+		nicsEnvVal = nicsEnvVal[1:]
+	}
+	for nic := range strings.SplitSeq(nicsEnvVal, ",") {
+		nic = strings.TrimSpace(nic)
+		if nic != "" {
+			cfg.nics[nic] = struct{}{}
+			if strings.Contains(nic, "*") {
+				cfg.hasWildcards = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return cfg
+}
+
+// isValidNic determines if a NIC should be included based on NicConfig rules
+func isValidNic(nicName string, cfg *NicConfig) bool {
+	// Empty list behavior differs by mode: blacklist: allow all; whitelist: allow none
+	if len(cfg.nics) == 0 {
+		return cfg.isBlacklist
+	}
+
+	// Exact match: return true if whitelist, false if blacklist
+	if _, exactMatch := cfg.nics[nicName]; exactMatch {
+		return !cfg.isBlacklist
+	}
+
+	// If no wildcards, return true if blacklist, false if whitelist
+	if !cfg.hasWildcards {
+		return cfg.isBlacklist
+	}
+
+	// Check for wildcard patterns
+	for pattern := range cfg.nics {
+		if !strings.Contains(pattern, "*") {
+			continue
+		}
+		if match, _ := path.Match(pattern, nicName); match {
+			return !cfg.isBlacklist
+		}
+	}
+
+	return cfg.isBlacklist
+}
+
+func (a *Agent) updateNetworkStats(cacheTimeMs uint16, systemStats *system.Stats) {
+	// network stats
+	a.ensureNetInterfacesInitialized()
+
+	a.ensureNetworkInterfacesMap(systemStats)
+
+	if netIO, err := psutilNet.IOCounters(true); err == nil {
+		nis, msElapsed := a.loadAndTickNetBaseline(cacheTimeMs)
+		totalBytesSent, totalBytesRecv := a.sumAndTrackPerNicDeltas(cacheTimeMs, msElapsed, netIO, systemStats)
+		bytesSentPerSecond, bytesRecvPerSecond := a.computeBytesPerSecond(msElapsed, totalBytesSent, totalBytesRecv, nis)
+		a.applyNetworkTotals(cacheTimeMs, netIO, systemStats, nis, totalBytesSent, totalBytesRecv, bytesSentPerSecond, bytesRecvPerSecond)
+	}
+}
+
+func (a *Agent) initializeNetIoStats() {
+	// reset valid network interfaces
+	a.netInterfaces = make(map[string]struct{}, 0)
+
+	// parse NICS env var for whitelist / blacklist
+	nicsEnvVal, nicsEnvExists := utils.GetEnv("NICS")
+	var nicCfg *NicConfig
+	if nicsEnvExists {
+		nicCfg = newNicConfig(nicsEnvVal)
+	}
+
+	// get current network I/O stats and record valid interfaces
+	if netIO, err := psutilNet.IOCounters(true); err == nil {
+		for _, v := range netIO {
+			if nicsEnvExists && !isValidNic(v.Name, nicCfg) {
+				continue
+			}
+			if a.skipNetworkInterface(v) {
+				continue
+			}
+			slog.Info("Detected network interface", "name", v.Name, "sent", v.BytesSent, "recv", v.BytesRecv)
+			// store as a valid network interface
+			a.netInterfaces[v.Name] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Reset per-cache-time trackers and baselines so they will reinitialize on next use
+	a.netInterfaceDeltaTrackers = make(map[uint16]*deltatracker.DeltaTracker[string, uint64])
+	a.netIoStats = make(map[uint16]system.NetIoStats)
+}
+
+// ensureNetInterfacesInitialized re-initializes NICs if none are currently tracked
+func (a *Agent) ensureNetInterfacesInitialized() {
+	if len(a.netInterfaces) == 0 {
+		// if no network interfaces, initialize again
+		// this is a fix if agent started before network is online (#466)
+		// maybe refactor this in the future to not cache interface names at all so we
+		// don't miss an interface that's been added after agent started in any circumstance
+		a.initializeNetIoStats()
+	}
+}
+
+// ensureNetworkInterfacesMap ensures systemStats.NetworkInterfaces map exists
+func (a *Agent) ensureNetworkInterfacesMap(systemStats *system.Stats) {
+	if systemStats.NetworkInterfaces == nil {
+		systemStats.NetworkInterfaces = make(map[string][4]uint64, 0)
+	}
+}
+
+// loadAndTickNetBaseline returns the NetIoStats baseline and milliseconds elapsed, updating time
+func (a *Agent) loadAndTickNetBaseline(cacheTimeMs uint16) (netIoStat system.NetIoStats, msElapsed uint64) {
+	netIoStat = a.netIoStats[cacheTimeMs]
+	if netIoStat.Time.IsZero() {
+		netIoStat.Time = time.Now()
+		msElapsed = 0
+	} else {
+		msElapsed = uint64(time.Since(netIoStat.Time).Milliseconds())
+		netIoStat.Time = time.Now()
+	}
+	return netIoStat, msElapsed
+}
+
+// sumAndTrackPerNicDeltas accumulates totals and records per-NIC up/down deltas into systemStats
+func (a *Agent) sumAndTrackPerNicDeltas(cacheTimeMs uint16, msElapsed uint64, netIO []psutilNet.IOCountersStat, systemStats *system.Stats) (totalBytesSent, totalBytesRecv uint64) {
+	tracker := a.netInterfaceDeltaTrackers[cacheTimeMs]
+	if tracker == nil {
+		tracker = deltatracker.NewDeltaTracker[string, uint64]()
+		a.netInterfaceDeltaTrackers[cacheTimeMs] = tracker
+	}
+	tracker.Cycle()
+
+	for _, v := range netIO {
+		if _, exists := a.netInterfaces[v.Name]; !exists {
+			continue
+		}
+		totalBytesSent += v.BytesSent
+		totalBytesRecv += v.BytesRecv
+
+		var upDelta, downDelta uint64
+		upKey, downKey := fmt.Sprintf("%sup", v.Name), fmt.Sprintf("%sdown", v.Name)
+		tracker.Set(upKey, v.BytesSent)
+		tracker.Set(downKey, v.BytesRecv)
+		if msElapsed > 0 {
+			if prevVal, ok := tracker.Previous(upKey); ok {
+				var deltaBytes uint64
+				if v.BytesSent >= prevVal {
+					deltaBytes = v.BytesSent - prevVal
+				} else {
+					deltaBytes = v.BytesSent
+				}
+				upDelta = deltaBytes * 1000 / msElapsed
+			}
+			if prevVal, ok := tracker.Previous(downKey); ok {
+				var deltaBytes uint64
+				if v.BytesRecv >= prevVal {
+					deltaBytes = v.BytesRecv - prevVal
+				} else {
+					deltaBytes = v.BytesRecv
+				}
+				downDelta = deltaBytes * 1000 / msElapsed
+			}
+		}
+		systemStats.NetworkInterfaces[v.Name] = [4]uint64{upDelta, downDelta, v.BytesSent, v.BytesRecv}
+	}
+
+	return totalBytesSent, totalBytesRecv
+}
+
+// computeBytesPerSecond calculates per-second totals from elapsed time and totals
+func (a *Agent) computeBytesPerSecond(msElapsed, totalBytesSent, totalBytesRecv uint64, nis system.NetIoStats) (bytesSentPerSecond, bytesRecvPerSecond uint64) {
+	if msElapsed > 0 {
+		bytesSentPerSecond = (totalBytesSent - nis.BytesSent) * 1000 / msElapsed
+		bytesRecvPerSecond = (totalBytesRecv - nis.BytesRecv) * 1000 / msElapsed
+	}
+	return bytesSentPerSecond, bytesRecvPerSecond
+}
+
+// applyNetworkTotals validates and writes computed network stats, or resets on anomaly
+func (a *Agent) applyNetworkTotals(
+	cacheTimeMs uint16,
+	netIO []psutilNet.IOCountersStat,
+	systemStats *system.Stats,
+	nis system.NetIoStats,
+	totalBytesSent, totalBytesRecv uint64,
+	bytesSentPerSecond, bytesRecvPerSecond uint64,
+) {
+	networkSentPs := utils.BytesToMegabytes(float64(bytesSentPerSecond))
+	networkRecvPs := utils.BytesToMegabytes(float64(bytesRecvPerSecond))
+	if networkSentPs > 10_000 || networkRecvPs > 10_000 {
+		slog.Warn("Invalid net stats. Resetting.", "sent", networkSentPs, "recv", networkRecvPs)
+		for _, v := range netIO {
+			if _, exists := a.netInterfaces[v.Name]; !exists {
+				continue
+			}
+			slog.Info(v.Name, "recv", v.BytesRecv, "sent", v.BytesSent)
+		}
+		a.initializeNetIoStats()
+		delete(a.netIoStats, cacheTimeMs)
+		delete(a.netInterfaceDeltaTrackers, cacheTimeMs)
+		systemStats.NetworkSent = 0
+		systemStats.NetworkRecv = 0
+		systemStats.Bandwidth[0], systemStats.Bandwidth[1] = 0, 0
+		return
+	}
+
+	systemStats.NetworkSent = networkSentPs
+	systemStats.NetworkRecv = networkRecvPs
+	systemStats.Bandwidth[0], systemStats.Bandwidth[1] = bytesSentPerSecond, bytesRecvPerSecond
+	nis.BytesSent = totalBytesSent
+	nis.BytesRecv = totalBytesRecv
+	a.netIoStats[cacheTimeMs] = nis
+}
+
+func (a *Agent) skipNetworkInterface(v psutilNet.IOCountersStat) bool {
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasPrefix(v.Name, "lo"),
+		strings.HasPrefix(v.Name, "docker"),
+		strings.HasPrefix(v.Name, "br-"),
+		strings.HasPrefix(v.Name, "veth"),
+		strings.HasPrefix(v.Name, "bond"),
+		strings.HasPrefix(v.Name, "cali"),
+		v.BytesRecv == 0,
+		v.BytesSent == 0:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}

agent/network_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,502 @@
+//go:build testing
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/deltatracker"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+	psutilNet "github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4/net"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestIsValidNic(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		nicName       string
+		config        *NicConfig
+		expectedValid bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "Whitelist - NIC in list",
+			nicName: "eth0",
+			config: &NicConfig{
+				nics:        map[string]struct{}{"eth0": {}},
+				isBlacklist: false,
+			},
+			expectedValid: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Whitelist - NIC not in list",
+			nicName: "wlan0",
+			config: &NicConfig{
+				nics:        map[string]struct{}{"eth0": {}},
+				isBlacklist: false,
+			},
+			expectedValid: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Blacklist - NIC in list",
+			nicName: "eth0",
+			config: &NicConfig{
+				nics:        map[string]struct{}{"eth0": {}},
+				isBlacklist: true,
+			},
+			expectedValid: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Blacklist - NIC not in list",
+			nicName: "wlan0",
+			config: &NicConfig{
+				nics:        map[string]struct{}{"eth0": {}},
+				isBlacklist: true,
+			},
+			expectedValid: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Whitelist with wildcard - matching pattern",
+			nicName: "eth1",
+			config: &NicConfig{
+				nics:         map[string]struct{}{"eth*": {}},
+				isBlacklist:  false,
+				hasWildcards: true,
+			},
+			expectedValid: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Whitelist with wildcard - non-matching pattern",
+			nicName: "wlan0",
+			config: &NicConfig{
+				nics:         map[string]struct{}{"eth*": {}},
+				isBlacklist:  false,
+				hasWildcards: true,
+			},
+			expectedValid: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Blacklist with wildcard - matching pattern",
+			nicName: "eth1",
+			config: &NicConfig{
+				nics:         map[string]struct{}{"eth*": {}},
+				isBlacklist:  true,
+				hasWildcards: true,
+			},
+			expectedValid: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Blacklist with wildcard - non-matching pattern",
+			nicName: "wlan0",
+			config: &NicConfig{
+				nics:         map[string]struct{}{"eth*": {}},
+				isBlacklist:  true,
+				hasWildcards: true,
+			},
+			expectedValid: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Empty whitelist config - no NICs allowed",
+			nicName: "eth0",
+			config: &NicConfig{
+				nics:        map[string]struct{}{},
+				isBlacklist: false,
+			},
+			expectedValid: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Empty blacklist config - all NICs allowed",
+			nicName: "eth0",
+			config: &NicConfig{
+				nics:        map[string]struct{}{},
+				isBlacklist: true,
+			},
+			expectedValid: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Multiple patterns - exact match",
+			nicName: "eth0",
+			config: &NicConfig{
+				nics:        map[string]struct{}{"eth0": {}, "wlan*": {}},
+				isBlacklist: false,
+			},
+			expectedValid: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Multiple patterns - wildcard match",
+			nicName: "wlan1",
+			config: &NicConfig{
+				nics:         map[string]struct{}{"eth0": {}, "wlan*": {}},
+				isBlacklist:  false,
+				hasWildcards: true,
+			},
+			expectedValid: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Multiple patterns - no match",
+			nicName: "bond0",
+			config: &NicConfig{
+				nics:         map[string]struct{}{"eth0": {}, "wlan*": {}},
+				isBlacklist:  false,
+				hasWildcards: true,
+			},
+			expectedValid: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := isValidNic(tt.nicName, tt.config)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedValid, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewNicConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		nicsEnvVal  string
+		expectedCfg *NicConfig
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "Empty string",
+			nicsEnvVal: "",
+			expectedCfg: &NicConfig{
+				nics:         map[string]struct{}{},
+				isBlacklist:  false,
+				hasWildcards: false,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Single NIC whitelist",
+			nicsEnvVal: "eth0",
+			expectedCfg: &NicConfig{
+				nics:         map[string]struct{}{"eth0": {}},
+				isBlacklist:  false,
+				hasWildcards: false,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Multiple NICs whitelist",
+			nicsEnvVal: "eth0,wlan0",
+			expectedCfg: &NicConfig{
+				nics:         map[string]struct{}{"eth0": {}, "wlan0": {}},
+				isBlacklist:  false,
+				hasWildcards: false,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Blacklist mode",
+			nicsEnvVal: "-eth0,wlan0",
+			expectedCfg: &NicConfig{
+				nics:         map[string]struct{}{"eth0": {}, "wlan0": {}},
+				isBlacklist:  true,
+				hasWildcards: false,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "With wildcards",
+			nicsEnvVal: "eth*,wlan0",
+			expectedCfg: &NicConfig{
+				nics:         map[string]struct{}{"eth*": {}, "wlan0": {}},
+				isBlacklist:  false,
+				hasWildcards: true,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Blacklist with wildcards",
+			nicsEnvVal: "-eth*,wlan0",
+			expectedCfg: &NicConfig{
+				nics:         map[string]struct{}{"eth*": {}, "wlan0": {}},
+				isBlacklist:  true,
+				hasWildcards: true,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "With whitespace",
+			nicsEnvVal: "eth0, wlan0 , eth1",
+			expectedCfg: &NicConfig{
+				nics:         map[string]struct{}{"eth0": {}, "wlan0": {}, "eth1": {}},
+				isBlacklist:  false,
+				hasWildcards: false,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Only wildcards",
+			nicsEnvVal: "eth*,wlan*",
+			expectedCfg: &NicConfig{
+				nics:         map[string]struct{}{"eth*": {}, "wlan*": {}},
+				isBlacklist:  false,
+				hasWildcards: true,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Leading dash only",
+			nicsEnvVal: "-",
+			expectedCfg: &NicConfig{
+				nics:         map[string]struct{}{},
+				isBlacklist:  true,
+				hasWildcards: false,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Mixed exact and wildcard",
+			nicsEnvVal: "eth0,br-*",
+			expectedCfg: &NicConfig{
+				nics:         map[string]struct{}{"eth0": {}, "br-*": {}},
+				isBlacklist:  false,
+				hasWildcards: true,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cfg := newNicConfig(tt.nicsEnvVal)
+			require.NotNil(t, cfg)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedCfg.isBlacklist, cfg.isBlacklist)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedCfg.hasWildcards, cfg.hasWildcards)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedCfg.nics, cfg.nics)
+		})
+	}
+}
+func TestEnsureNetworkInterfacesMap(t *testing.T) {
+	var a Agent
+	var stats system.Stats
+
+	// Initially nil
+	assert.Nil(t, stats.NetworkInterfaces)
+	// Ensure map is created
+	a.ensureNetworkInterfacesMap(&stats)
+	assert.NotNil(t, stats.NetworkInterfaces)
+	// Idempotent
+	a.ensureNetworkInterfacesMap(&stats)
+	assert.NotNil(t, stats.NetworkInterfaces)
+}
+
+func TestLoadAndTickNetBaseline(t *testing.T) {
+	a := &Agent{netIoStats: make(map[uint16]system.NetIoStats)}
+
+	// First call initializes time and returns 0 elapsed
+	ni, elapsed := a.loadAndTickNetBaseline(100)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(0), elapsed)
+	assert.False(t, ni.Time.IsZero())
+
+	// Store back what loadAndTick returns to mimic updateNetworkStats behavior
+	a.netIoStats[100] = ni
+
+	time.Sleep(2 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Next call should produce >= 0 elapsed and update time
+	ni2, elapsed2 := a.loadAndTickNetBaseline(100)
+	assert.True(t, elapsed2 > 0)
+	assert.False(t, ni2.Time.IsZero())
+}
+
+func TestComputeBytesPerSecond(t *testing.T) {
+	a := &Agent{}
+
+	// No elapsed -> zero rate
+	bytesUp, bytesDown := a.computeBytesPerSecond(0, 2000, 3000, system.NetIoStats{BytesSent: 1000, BytesRecv: 1000})
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(0), bytesUp)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(0), bytesDown)
+
+	// With elapsed -> per-second calculation
+	bytesUp, bytesDown = a.computeBytesPerSecond(500, 6000, 11000, system.NetIoStats{BytesSent: 1000, BytesRecv: 1000})
+	// (6000-1000)*1000/500 = 10000; (11000-1000)*1000/500 = 20000
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(10000), bytesUp)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(20000), bytesDown)
+}
+
+func TestSumAndTrackPerNicDeltas(t *testing.T) {
+	a := &Agent{
+		netInterfaces:             map[string]struct{}{"eth0": {}, "wlan0": {}},
+		netInterfaceDeltaTrackers: make(map[uint16]*deltatracker.DeltaTracker[string, uint64]),
+	}
+
+	// Two samples for same cache interval to verify delta behavior
+	cache := uint16(42)
+	net1 := []psutilNet.IOCountersStat{{Name: "eth0", BytesSent: 1000, BytesRecv: 2000}}
+	stats1 := &system.Stats{}
+	a.ensureNetworkInterfacesMap(stats1)
+	tx1, rx1 := a.sumAndTrackPerNicDeltas(cache, 0, net1, stats1)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(1000), tx1)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(2000), rx1)
+
+	// Second cycle with elapsed, larger counters -> deltas computed inside
+	net2 := []psutilNet.IOCountersStat{{Name: "eth0", BytesSent: 4000, BytesRecv: 9000}}
+	stats := &system.Stats{}
+	a.ensureNetworkInterfacesMap(stats)
+	tx2, rx2 := a.sumAndTrackPerNicDeltas(cache, 1000, net2, stats)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(4000), tx2)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(9000), rx2)
+	// Up/Down deltas per second should be (4000-1000)/1s = 3000 and (9000-2000)/1s = 7000
+	ni, ok := stats.NetworkInterfaces["eth0"]
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(3000), ni[0])
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(7000), ni[1])
+}
+
+func TestSumAndTrackPerNicDeltasHandlesCounterReset(t *testing.T) {
+	a := &Agent{
+		netInterfaces:             map[string]struct{}{"eth0": {}},
+		netInterfaceDeltaTrackers: make(map[uint16]*deltatracker.DeltaTracker[string, uint64]),
+	}
+
+	cache := uint16(77)
+
+	// First interval establishes baseline values
+	initial := []psutilNet.IOCountersStat{{Name: "eth0", BytesSent: 4_000, BytesRecv: 6_000}}
+	statsInitial := &system.Stats{}
+	a.ensureNetworkInterfacesMap(statsInitial)
+	_, _ = a.sumAndTrackPerNicDeltas(cache, 0, initial, statsInitial)
+
+	// Second interval increments counters normally so previous snapshot gets populated
+	increment := []psutilNet.IOCountersStat{{Name: "eth0", BytesSent: 9_000, BytesRecv: 11_000}}
+	statsIncrement := &system.Stats{}
+	a.ensureNetworkInterfacesMap(statsIncrement)
+	_, _ = a.sumAndTrackPerNicDeltas(cache, 1_000, increment, statsIncrement)
+
+	niIncrement, ok := statsIncrement.NetworkInterfaces["eth0"]
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(5_000), niIncrement[0])
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(5_000), niIncrement[1])
+
+	// Third interval simulates counter reset (values drop below previous totals)
+	reset := []psutilNet.IOCountersStat{{Name: "eth0", BytesSent: 1_200, BytesRecv: 1_500}}
+	statsReset := &system.Stats{}
+	a.ensureNetworkInterfacesMap(statsReset)
+	_, _ = a.sumAndTrackPerNicDeltas(cache, 1_000, reset, statsReset)
+
+	niReset, ok := statsReset.NetworkInterfaces["eth0"]
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(1_200), niReset[0], "upload delta should match new counter value after reset")
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(1_500), niReset[1], "download delta should match new counter value after reset")
+}
+
+func TestApplyNetworkTotals(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name                  string
+		bytesSentPerSecond    uint64
+		bytesRecvPerSecond    uint64
+		totalBytesSent        uint64
+		totalBytesRecv        uint64
+		expectReset           bool
+		expectedNetworkSent   float64
+		expectedNetworkRecv   float64
+		expectedBandwidthSent uint64
+		expectedBandwidthRecv uint64
+	}{
+		{
+			name:                  "Valid network stats - normal values",
+			bytesSentPerSecond:    1000000, // 1 MB/s
+			bytesRecvPerSecond:    2000000, // 2 MB/s
+			totalBytesSent:        10000000,
+			totalBytesRecv:        20000000,
+			expectReset:           false,
+			expectedNetworkSent:   0.95, // ~1 MB/s rounded to 2 decimals
+			expectedNetworkRecv:   1.91, // ~2 MB/s rounded to 2 decimals
+			expectedBandwidthSent: 1000000,
+			expectedBandwidthRecv: 2000000,
+		},
+		{
+			name:               "Invalid network stats - sent exceeds threshold",
+			bytesSentPerSecond: 11000000000, // ~10.5 GB/s > 10 GB/s threshold
+			bytesRecvPerSecond: 1000000,     // 1 MB/s
+			totalBytesSent:     10000000,
+			totalBytesRecv:     20000000,
+			expectReset:        true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:               "Invalid network stats - recv exceeds threshold",
+			bytesSentPerSecond: 1000000,     // 1 MB/s
+			bytesRecvPerSecond: 11000000000, // ~10.5 GB/s > 10 GB/s threshold
+			totalBytesSent:     10000000,
+			totalBytesRecv:     20000000,
+			expectReset:        true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:               "Invalid network stats - both exceed threshold",
+			bytesSentPerSecond: 12000000000, // ~11.4 GB/s
+			bytesRecvPerSecond: 13000000000, // ~12.4 GB/s
+			totalBytesSent:     10000000,
+			totalBytesRecv:     20000000,
+			expectReset:        true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:                  "Valid network stats - at threshold boundary",
+			bytesSentPerSecond:    10485750000, // ~9999.99 MB/s (rounds to 9999.99)
+			bytesRecvPerSecond:    10485750000, // ~9999.99 MB/s (rounds to 9999.99)
+			totalBytesSent:        10000000,
+			totalBytesRecv:        20000000,
+			expectReset:           false,
+			expectedNetworkSent:   9999.99,
+			expectedNetworkRecv:   9999.99,
+			expectedBandwidthSent: 10485750000,
+			expectedBandwidthRecv: 10485750000,
+		},
+		{
+			name:                  "Zero values",
+			bytesSentPerSecond:    0,
+			bytesRecvPerSecond:    0,
+			totalBytesSent:        0,
+			totalBytesRecv:        0,
+			expectReset:           false,
+			expectedNetworkSent:   0.0,
+			expectedNetworkRecv:   0.0,
+			expectedBandwidthSent: 0,
+			expectedBandwidthRecv: 0,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Setup agent with initialized maps
+			a := &Agent{
+				netInterfaces:             make(map[string]struct{}),
+				netIoStats:                make(map[uint16]system.NetIoStats),
+				netInterfaceDeltaTrackers: make(map[uint16]*deltatracker.DeltaTracker[string, uint64]),
+			}
+
+			cacheTimeMs := uint16(100)
+			netIO := []psutilNet.IOCountersStat{
+				{Name: "eth0", BytesSent: 1000, BytesRecv: 2000},
+			}
+			systemStats := &system.Stats{}
+			nis := system.NetIoStats{}
+
+			a.applyNetworkTotals(
+				cacheTimeMs,
+				netIO,
+				systemStats,
+				nis,
+				tt.totalBytesSent,
+				tt.totalBytesRecv,
+				tt.bytesSentPerSecond,
+				tt.bytesRecvPerSecond,
+			)
+
+			if tt.expectReset {
+				// Should have reset network tracking state - maps cleared and stats zeroed
+				assert.NotContains(t, a.netIoStats, cacheTimeMs, "cache entry should be cleared after reset")
+				assert.NotContains(t, a.netInterfaceDeltaTrackers, cacheTimeMs, "tracker should be cleared on reset")
+				assert.Zero(t, systemStats.NetworkSent)
+				assert.Zero(t, systemStats.NetworkRecv)
+				assert.Zero(t, systemStats.Bandwidth[0])
+				assert.Zero(t, systemStats.Bandwidth[1])
+			} else {
+				// Should have applied stats
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedNetworkSent, systemStats.NetworkSent)
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedNetworkRecv, systemStats.NetworkRecv)
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedBandwidthSent, systemStats.Bandwidth[0])
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedBandwidthRecv, systemStats.Bandwidth[1])
+
+				// Should have updated NetIoStats
+				updatedNis := a.netIoStats[cacheTimeMs]
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.totalBytesSent, updatedNis.BytesSent)
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.totalBytesRecv, updatedNis.BytesRecv)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

agent/response.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/common"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/smart"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/systemd"
+)
+
+// newAgentResponse creates an AgentResponse using legacy typed fields.
+// This maintains backward compatibility with <= 0.17 hubs that expect specific fields.
+func newAgentResponse(data any, requestID *uint32) common.AgentResponse {
+	response := common.AgentResponse{Id: requestID}
+	switch v := data.(type) {
+	case *system.CombinedData:
+		response.SystemData = v
+	case *common.FingerprintResponse:
+		response.Fingerprint = v
+	case string:
+		response.String = &v
+	case map[string]smart.SmartData:
+		response.SmartData = v
+	case systemd.ServiceDetails:
+		response.ServiceInfo = v
+	default:
+		// For unknown types, use the generic Data field
+		response.Data, _ = cbor.Marshal(data)
+	}
+	return response
+}

agent/sensors.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package agent
 
 import (
-	"beszel/internal/entities/system"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
@@ -11,6 +10,9 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/utils"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+
 	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4/common"
 	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4/sensors"
 )
@@ -25,9 +27,9 @@ type SensorConfig struct {
 }
 
 func (a *Agent) newSensorConfig() *SensorConfig {
-	primarySensor, _ := GetEnv("PRIMARY_SENSOR")
+	primarySensor, _ := utils.GetEnv("PRIMARY_SENSOR")
-	sysSensors, _ := GetEnv("SYS_SENSORS")
+	sysSensors, _ := utils.GetEnv("SYS_SENSORS")
-	sensorsEnvVal, sensorsSet := GetEnv("SENSORS")
+	sensorsEnvVal, sensorsSet := utils.GetEnv("SENSORS")
 	skipCollection := sensorsSet && sensorsEnvVal == ""
 
 	return a.newSensorConfigWithEnv(primarySensor, sysSensors, sensorsEnvVal, skipCollection)
@@ -134,7 +136,7 @@ func (a *Agent) updateTemperatures(systemStats *system.Stats) {
 		case sensorName:
 			a.systemInfo.DashboardTemp = sensor.Temperature
 		}
-		systemStats.Temperatures[sensorName] = twoDecimals(sensor.Temperature)
+		systemStats.Temperatures[sensorName] = utils.TwoDecimals(sensor.Temperature)
 	}
 }
 

agent/sensors_test.go

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 //go:build testing
-// +build testing
 
 package agent
 
 import (
-	"beszel/internal/entities/system"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+
 	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4/common"
 	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4/sensors"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"

agent/sensors_windows.go

@@ -46,9 +46,10 @@ var lhmFs embed.FS
 var (
 	beszelLhm     *lhmProcess
 	beszelLhmOnce sync.Once
+	useLHM        = os.Getenv("LHM") == "true"
 )
 
-var errNoSensors = errors.New("no sensors found (try running as admin)")
+var errNoSensors = errors.New("no sensors found (try running as admin with LHM=true)")
 
 // newlhmProcess copies the embedded LHM executable to a temporary directory and starts it.
 func newlhmProcess() (*lhmProcess, error) {
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ func (lhm *lhmProcess) cleanupProcess() {
 }
 
 func (lhm *lhmProcess) getTemps(ctx context.Context) (temps []sensors.TemperatureStat, err error) {
-	if lhm.stoppedNoSensors {
+	if !useLHM || lhm.stoppedNoSensors {
 		// Fall back to gopsutil if we can't get sensors from LHM
 		return sensors.TemperaturesWithContext(ctx)
 	}
@@ -222,6 +223,10 @@ func getSensorTemps(ctx context.Context) (temps []sensors.TemperatureStat, err e
 		}
 	}()
 
+	if !useLHM {
+		return sensors.TemperaturesWithContext(ctx)
+	}
+
 	// Initialize process once
 	beszelLhmOnce.Do(func() {
 		beszelLhm, err = newlhmProcess()

agent/server.go

@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 package agent
 
 import (
-	"beszel"
-	"beszel/internal/common"
-	"beszel/internal/entities/system"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -14,6 +11,11 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/utils"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/common"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+
 	"github.com/blang/semver"
 	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
 	"github.com/gliderlabs/ssh"
@@ -35,6 +37,9 @@ var hubVersions map[string]semver.Version
 // and begins listening for connections. Returns an error if the server
 // is already running or if there's an issue starting the server.
 func (a *Agent) StartServer(opts ServerOptions) error {
+	if disableSSH, _ := utils.GetEnv("DISABLE_SSH"); disableSSH == "true" {
+		return errors.New("SSH disabled")
+	}
 	if a.server != nil {
 		return errors.New("server already started")
 	}
@@ -126,15 +131,70 @@ func (a *Agent) handleSession(s ssh.Session) {
 
 	hubVersion := a.getHubVersion(sessionID, sessionCtx)
 
-	stats := a.gatherStats(sessionID)
+	// Legacy one-shot behavior for older hubs
-
+	if hubVersion.LT(beszel.MinVersionAgentResponse) {
-	err := a.writeToSession(s, stats, hubVersion)
+		if err := a.handleLegacyStats(s, hubVersion); err != nil {
-	if err != nil {
+			slog.Error("Error encoding stats", "err", err)
-		slog.Error("Error encoding stats", "err", err, "stats", stats)
+			s.Exit(1)
-		s.Exit(1)
+			return
-	} else {
+		}
-		s.Exit(0)
 	}
+
+	var req common.HubRequest[cbor.RawMessage]
+	if err := cbor.NewDecoder(s).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		// Fallback to legacy one-shot if the first decode fails
+		if err2 := a.handleLegacyStats(s, hubVersion); err2 != nil {
+			slog.Error("Error encoding stats (fallback)", "err", err2)
+			s.Exit(1)
+			return
+		}
+		s.Exit(0)
+		return
+	}
+	if err := a.handleSSHRequest(s, &req); err != nil {
+		slog.Error("SSH request handling failed", "err", err)
+		s.Exit(1)
+		return
+	}
+	s.Exit(0)
+}
+
+// handleSSHRequest builds a handler context and dispatches to the shared registry
+func (a *Agent) handleSSHRequest(w io.Writer, req *common.HubRequest[cbor.RawMessage]) error {
+	// SSH does not support fingerprint auth action
+	if req.Action == common.CheckFingerprint {
+		return cbor.NewEncoder(w).Encode(common.AgentResponse{Error: "unsupported action"})
+	}
+
+	// responder that writes AgentResponse to stdout
+	// Uses legacy typed fields for backward compatibility with <= 0.17
+	sshResponder := func(data any, requestID *uint32) error {
+		response := newAgentResponse(data, requestID)
+		return cbor.NewEncoder(w).Encode(response)
+	}
+
+	ctx := &HandlerContext{
+		Client:       nil,
+		Agent:        a,
+		Request:      req,
+		RequestID:    nil,
+		HubVerified:  true,
+		SendResponse: sshResponder,
+	}
+
+	if handler, ok := a.handlerRegistry.GetHandler(req.Action); ok {
+		if err := handler.Handle(ctx); err != nil {
+			return cbor.NewEncoder(w).Encode(common.AgentResponse{Error: err.Error()})
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	return cbor.NewEncoder(w).Encode(common.AgentResponse{Error: fmt.Sprintf("unknown action: %d", req.Action)})
+}
+
+// handleLegacyStats serves the legacy one-shot stats payload for older hubs
+func (a *Agent) handleLegacyStats(w io.Writer, hubVersion semver.Version) error {
+	stats := a.gatherStats(common.DataRequestOptions{CacheTimeMs: 60_000})
+	return a.writeToSession(w, stats, hubVersion)
 }
 
 // writeToSession encodes and writes system statistics to the session.
@@ -179,11 +239,11 @@ func ParseKeys(input string) ([]gossh.PublicKey, error) {
 // and finally defaults to ":45876".
 func GetAddress(addr string) string {
 	if addr == "" {
-		addr, _ = GetEnv("LISTEN")
+		addr, _ = utils.GetEnv("LISTEN")
 	}
 	if addr == "" {
 		// Legacy PORT environment variable support
-		addr, _ = GetEnv("PORT")
+		addr, _ = utils.GetEnv("PORT")
 	}
 	if addr == "" {
 		return ":45876"
@@ -199,7 +259,7 @@ func GetAddress(addr string) string {
 // It checks the NETWORK environment variable first, then infers from
 // the address format: addresses starting with "/" are "unix", others are "tcp".
 func GetNetwork(addr string) string {
-	if network, ok := GetEnv("NETWORK"); ok && network != "" {
+	if network, ok := utils.GetEnv("NETWORK"); ok && network != "" {
 		return network
 	}
 	if strings.HasPrefix(addr, "/") {

agent/server_test.go

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
+//go:build testing
+
 package agent
 
 import (
-	"beszel/internal/entities/container"
-	"beszel/internal/entities/system"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/ed25519"
 	"encoding/json"
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/container"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+
 	"github.com/blang/semver"
 	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
 	"github.com/gliderlabs/ssh"
@@ -179,6 +182,23 @@ func TestStartServer(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestStartServerDisableSSH(t *testing.T) {
+	os.Setenv("BESZEL_AGENT_DISABLE_SSH", "true")
+	defer os.Unsetenv("BESZEL_AGENT_DISABLE_SSH")
+
+	agent, err := NewAgent("")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	opts := ServerOptions{
+		Network: "tcp",
+		Addr:    ":45990",
+	}
+
+	err = agent.StartServer(opts)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "SSH disabled")
+}
+
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //////////////////// ParseKeys Tests ////////////////////////////
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -512,7 +532,7 @@ func TestWriteToSessionEncoding(t *testing.T) {
 				err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(encodedData), &decodedJson)
 				assert.Error(t, err, "Should not be valid JSON data")
 
-				assert.Equal(t, testData.Info.Hostname, decodedCbor.Info.Hostname)
+				assert.Equal(t, testData.Details.Hostname, decodedCbor.Details.Hostname)
 				assert.Equal(t, testData.Stats.Cpu, decodedCbor.Stats.Cpu)
 			} else {
 				// Should be JSON - try to decode as JSON
@@ -525,7 +545,7 @@ func TestWriteToSessionEncoding(t *testing.T) {
 				assert.Error(t, err, "Should not be valid CBOR data")
 
 				// Verify the decoded JSON data matches our test data
-				assert.Equal(t, testData.Info.Hostname, decodedJson.Info.Hostname)
+				assert.Equal(t, testData.Details.Hostname, decodedJson.Details.Hostname)
 				assert.Equal(t, testData.Stats.Cpu, decodedJson.Stats.Cpu)
 
 				// Verify it looks like JSON (starts with '{' and contains readable field names)
@@ -549,13 +569,12 @@ func createTestCombinedData() *system.CombinedData {
 			DiskUsed:  549755813888,  // 512GB
 			DiskPct:   50.0,
 		},
+		Details: &system.Details{
+			Hostname: "test-host",
+		},
 		Info: system.Info{
-			Hostname:     "test-host",
-			Cores:        8,
-			CpuModel:     "Test CPU Model",
 			Uptime:       3600,
 			AgentVersion: "0.12.0",
-			Os:           system.Linux,
 		},
 		Containers: []*container.Stats{
 			{

agent/smart_nonwindows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package agent
+
+import "errors"
+
+func ensureEmbeddedSmartctl() (string, error) {
+	return "", errors.ErrUnsupported
+}

agent/smart_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	_ "embed"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+//go:embed smartmontools/smartctl.exe
+var embeddedSmartctl []byte
+
+var (
+	smartctlOnce sync.Once
+	smartctlPath string
+	smartctlErr  error
+)
+
+func ensureEmbeddedSmartctl() (string, error) {
+	smartctlOnce.Do(func() {
+		destDir := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "beszel", "smartmontools")
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(destDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+			smartctlErr = fmt.Errorf("failed to create smartctl directory: %w", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		destPath := filepath.Join(destDir, "smartctl.exe")
+		if err := os.WriteFile(destPath, embeddedSmartctl, 0o755); err != nil {
+			smartctlErr = fmt.Errorf("failed to write embedded smartctl: %w", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		smartctlPath = destPath
+	})
+
+	return smartctlPath, smartctlErr
+}

agent/system.go

@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/battery"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/utils"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/zfs"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/container"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/system"
+
+	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4/cpu"
+	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4/host"
+	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4/load"
+	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4/mem"
+)
+
+// prevDisk stores previous per-device disk counters for a given cache interval
+type prevDisk struct {
+	readBytes  uint64
+	writeBytes uint64
+	at         time.Time
+}
+
+// Sets initial / non-changing values about the host system
+func (a *Agent) refreshSystemDetails() {
+	a.systemInfo.AgentVersion = beszel.Version
+
+	// get host info from Docker if available
+	var hostInfo container.HostInfo
+
+	if a.dockerManager != nil {
+		a.systemDetails.Podman = a.dockerManager.IsPodman()
+		hostInfo, _ = a.dockerManager.GetHostInfo()
+	}
+
+	a.systemDetails.Hostname, _ = os.Hostname()
+	if arch, err := host.KernelArch(); err == nil {
+		a.systemDetails.Arch = arch
+	} else {
+		a.systemDetails.Arch = runtime.GOARCH
+	}
+
+	platform, _, version, _ := host.PlatformInformation()
+
+	if platform == "darwin" {
+		a.systemDetails.Os = system.Darwin
+		a.systemDetails.OsName = fmt.Sprintf("macOS %s", version)
+	} else if strings.Contains(platform, "indows") {
+		a.systemDetails.Os = system.Windows
+		a.systemDetails.OsName = strings.Replace(platform, "Microsoft ", "", 1)
+		a.systemDetails.Kernel = version
+	} else if platform == "freebsd" {
+		a.systemDetails.Os = system.Freebsd
+		a.systemDetails.Kernel, _ = host.KernelVersion()
+		if prettyName, err := getOsPrettyName(); err == nil {
+			a.systemDetails.OsName = prettyName
+		} else {
+			a.systemDetails.OsName = "FreeBSD"
+		}
+	} else {
+		a.systemDetails.Os = system.Linux
+		a.systemDetails.OsName = hostInfo.OperatingSystem
+		if a.systemDetails.OsName == "" {
+			if prettyName, err := getOsPrettyName(); err == nil {
+				a.systemDetails.OsName = prettyName
+			} else {
+				a.systemDetails.OsName = platform
+			}
+		}
+		a.systemDetails.Kernel = hostInfo.KernelVersion
+		if a.systemDetails.Kernel == "" {
+			a.systemDetails.Kernel, _ = host.KernelVersion()
+		}
+	}
+
+	// cpu model
+	if info, err := cpu.Info(); err == nil && len(info) > 0 {
+		a.systemDetails.CpuModel = info[0].ModelName
+	}
+	// cores / threads
+	cores, _ := cpu.Counts(false)
+	threads := hostInfo.NCPU
+	if threads == 0 {
+		threads, _ = cpu.Counts(true)
+	}
+	// in lxc, logical cores reflects container limits, so use that as cores if lower
+	if threads > 0 && threads < cores {
+		cores = threads
+	}
+	a.systemDetails.Cores = cores
+	a.systemDetails.Threads = threads
+
+	// total memory
+	a.systemDetails.MemoryTotal = hostInfo.MemTotal
+	if a.systemDetails.MemoryTotal == 0 {
+		if v, err := mem.VirtualMemory(); err == nil {
+			a.systemDetails.MemoryTotal = v.Total
+		}
+	}
+
+	// zfs
+	if _, err := zfs.ARCSize(); err != nil {
+		slog.Debug("Not monitoring ZFS ARC", "err", err)
+	} else {
+		a.zfs = true
+	}
+}
+
+// Returns current info, stats about the host system
+func (a *Agent) getSystemStats(cacheTimeMs uint16) system.Stats {
+	var systemStats system.Stats
+
+	// battery
+	if batteryPercent, batteryState, err := battery.GetBatteryStats(); err == nil {
+		systemStats.Battery[0] = batteryPercent
+		systemStats.Battery[1] = batteryState
+	}
+
+	// cpu metrics
+	cpuMetrics, err := getCpuMetrics(cacheTimeMs)
+	if err == nil {
+		systemStats.Cpu = utils.TwoDecimals(cpuMetrics.Total)
+		systemStats.CpuBreakdown = []float64{
+			utils.TwoDecimals(cpuMetrics.User),
+			utils.TwoDecimals(cpuMetrics.System),
+			utils.TwoDecimals(cpuMetrics.Iowait),
+			utils.TwoDecimals(cpuMetrics.Steal),
+			utils.TwoDecimals(cpuMetrics.Idle),
+		}
+	} else {
+		slog.Error("Error getting cpu metrics", "err", err)
+	}
+
+	// per-core cpu usage
+	if perCoreUsage, err := getPerCoreCpuUsage(cacheTimeMs); err == nil {
+		systemStats.CpuCoresUsage = perCoreUsage
+	}
+
+	// load average
+	if avgstat, err := load.Avg(); err == nil {
+		systemStats.LoadAvg[0] = avgstat.Load1
+		systemStats.LoadAvg[1] = avgstat.Load5
+		systemStats.LoadAvg[2] = avgstat.Load15
+		slog.Debug("Load average", "5m", avgstat.Load5, "15m", avgstat.Load15)
+	} else {
+		slog.Error("Error getting load average", "err", err)
+	}
+
+	// memory
+	if v, err := mem.VirtualMemory(); err == nil {
+		// swap
+		systemStats.Swap = utils.BytesToGigabytes(v.SwapTotal)
+		systemStats.SwapUsed = utils.BytesToGigabytes(v.SwapTotal - v.SwapFree - v.SwapCached)
+		// cache + buffers value for default mem calculation
+		// note: gopsutil automatically adds SReclaimable to v.Cached
+		cacheBuff := v.Cached + v.Buffers - v.Shared
+		if cacheBuff <= 0 {
+			cacheBuff = max(v.Total-v.Free-v.Used, 0)
+		}
+		// htop memory calculation overrides (likely outdated as of mid 2025)
+		if a.memCalc == "htop" {
+			// cacheBuff = v.Cached + v.Buffers - v.Shared
+			v.Used = v.Total - (v.Free + cacheBuff)
+			v.UsedPercent = float64(v.Used) / float64(v.Total) * 100.0
+		}
+		// if a.memCalc == "legacy" {
+		// 	v.Used = v.Total - v.Free - v.Buffers - v.Cached
+		// 	cacheBuff = v.Total - v.Free - v.Used
+		// 	v.UsedPercent = float64(v.Used) / float64(v.Total) * 100.0
+		// }
+		// subtract ZFS ARC size from used memory and add as its own category
+		if a.zfs {
+			if arcSize, _ := zfs.ARCSize(); arcSize > 0 && arcSize < v.Used {
+				v.Used = v.Used - arcSize
+				v.UsedPercent = float64(v.Used) / float64(v.Total) * 100.0
+				systemStats.MemZfsArc = utils.BytesToGigabytes(arcSize)
+			}
+		}
+		systemStats.Mem = utils.BytesToGigabytes(v.Total)
+		systemStats.MemBuffCache = utils.BytesToGigabytes(cacheBuff)
+		systemStats.MemUsed = utils.BytesToGigabytes(v.Used)
+		systemStats.MemPct = utils.TwoDecimals(v.UsedPercent)
+	}
+
+	// disk usage
+	a.updateDiskUsage(&systemStats)
+
+	// disk i/o (cache-aware per interval)
+	a.updateDiskIo(cacheTimeMs, &systemStats)
+
+	// network stats (per cache interval)
+	a.updateNetworkStats(cacheTimeMs, &systemStats)
+
+	// temperatures
+	// TODO: maybe refactor to methods on systemStats
+	a.updateTemperatures(&systemStats)
+
+	// GPU data
+	if a.gpuManager != nil {
+		// reset high gpu percent
+		a.systemInfo.GpuPct = 0
+		// get current GPU data
+		if gpuData := a.gpuManager.GetCurrentData(cacheTimeMs); len(gpuData) > 0 {
+			systemStats.GPUData = gpuData
+
+			// add temperatures
+			if systemStats.Temperatures == nil {
+				systemStats.Temperatures = make(map[string]float64, len(gpuData))
+			}
+			highestTemp := 0.0
+			for _, gpu := range gpuData {
+				if gpu.Temperature > 0 {
+					systemStats.Temperatures[gpu.Name] = gpu.Temperature
+					if a.sensorConfig.primarySensor == gpu.Name {
+						a.systemInfo.DashboardTemp = gpu.Temperature
+					}
+					if gpu.Temperature > highestTemp {
+						highestTemp = gpu.Temperature
+					}
+				}
+				// update high gpu percent for dashboard
+				a.systemInfo.GpuPct = max(a.systemInfo.GpuPct, gpu.Usage)
+			}
+			// use highest temp for dashboard temp if dashboard temp is unset
+			if a.systemInfo.DashboardTemp == 0 {
+				a.systemInfo.DashboardTemp = highestTemp
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// update system info
+	a.systemInfo.ConnectionType = a.connectionManager.ConnectionType
+	a.systemInfo.Cpu = systemStats.Cpu
+	a.systemInfo.LoadAvg = systemStats.LoadAvg
+	a.systemInfo.MemPct = systemStats.MemPct
+	a.systemInfo.DiskPct = systemStats.DiskPct
+	a.systemInfo.Battery = systemStats.Battery
+	a.systemInfo.Uptime, _ = host.Uptime()
+	a.systemInfo.BandwidthBytes = systemStats.Bandwidth[0] + systemStats.Bandwidth[1]
+	a.systemInfo.Threads = a.systemDetails.Threads
+
+	return systemStats
+}
+
+// getOsPrettyName attempts to get the pretty OS name from /etc/os-release on Linux systems
+func getOsPrettyName() (string, error) {
+	file, err := os.Open("/etc/os-release")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := scanner.Text()
+		if after, ok := strings.CutPrefix(line, "PRETTY_NAME="); ok {
+			value := after
+			value = strings.Trim(value, `"`)
+			return value, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "", errors.New("pretty name not found")
+}

agent/systemd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"log/slog"
+	"maps"
+	"math"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22/dbus"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/agent/utils"
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/systemd"
+)
+
+var errNoActiveTime = errors.New("no active time")
+
+// systemdManager manages the collection of systemd service statistics.
+type systemdManager struct {
+	sync.Mutex
+	serviceStatsMap map[string]*systemd.Service
+	isRunning       bool
+	hasFreshStats   bool
+	patterns        []string
+}
+
+// isSystemdAvailable checks if systemd is used on the system to avoid unnecessary connection attempts (#1548)
+func isSystemdAvailable() bool {
+	paths := []string{
+		"/run/systemd/system",
+		"/run/dbus/system_bus_socket",
+		"/var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket",
+	}
+	for _, path := range paths {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(path); err == nil {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	if data, err := os.ReadFile("/proc/1/comm"); err == nil {
+		return strings.TrimSpace(string(data)) == "systemd"
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// newSystemdManager creates a new systemdManager.
+func newSystemdManager() (*systemdManager, error) {
+	if skipSystemd, _ := utils.GetEnv("SKIP_SYSTEMD"); skipSystemd == "true" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	// Check if systemd is available on the system before attempting connection
+	if !isSystemdAvailable() {
+		slog.Debug("Systemd not available")
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	conn, err := dbus.NewSystemConnectionContext(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Debug("Error connecting to systemd", "err", err, "ref", "https://beszel.dev/guide/systemd")
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	manager := &systemdManager{
+		serviceStatsMap: make(map[string]*systemd.Service),
+		patterns:        getServicePatterns(),
+	}
+
+	manager.startWorker(conn)
+
+	return manager, nil
+}
+
+func (sm *systemdManager) startWorker(conn *dbus.Conn) {
+	if sm.isRunning {
+		return
+	}
+	sm.isRunning = true
+	// prime the service stats map with the current services
+	_ = sm.getServiceStats(conn, true)
+	// update the services every 10 minutes
+	go func() {
+		for {
+			time.Sleep(time.Minute * 10)
+			_ = sm.getServiceStats(nil, true)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// getServiceStatsCount returns the number of systemd services.
+func (sm *systemdManager) getServiceStatsCount() int {
+	return len(sm.serviceStatsMap)
+}
+
+// getFailedServiceCount returns the number of systemd services in a failed state.
+func (sm *systemdManager) getFailedServiceCount() uint16 {
+	sm.Lock()
+	defer sm.Unlock()
+	count := uint16(0)
+	for _, service := range sm.serviceStatsMap {
+		if service.State == systemd.StatusFailed {
+			count++
+		}
+	}
+	return count
+}
+
+// getServiceStats collects statistics for all running systemd services.
+func (sm *systemdManager) getServiceStats(conn *dbus.Conn, refresh bool) []*systemd.Service {
+	// start := time.Now()
+	// defer func() {
+	// 	slog.Info("systemdManager.getServiceStats", "duration", time.Since(start))
+	// }()
+
+	var services []*systemd.Service
+	var err error
+
+	if !refresh {
+		// return nil
+		sm.Lock()
+		defer sm.Unlock()
+		for _, service := range sm.serviceStatsMap {
+			services = append(services, service)
+		}
+		sm.hasFreshStats = false
+		return services
+	}
+
+	if conn == nil || !conn.Connected() {
+		conn, err = dbus.NewSystemConnectionContext(context.Background())
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		defer conn.Close()
+	}
+
+	units, err := conn.ListUnitsByPatternsContext(context.Background(), []string{"loaded"}, sm.patterns)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Error("Error listing systemd service units", "err", err)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Track which units are currently present to remove stale entries
+	currentUnits := make(map[string]struct{}, len(units))
+
+	for _, unit := range units {
+		currentUnits[unit.Name] = struct{}{}
+		service, err := sm.updateServiceStats(conn, unit)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		services = append(services, service)
+	}
+
+	// Remove services that no longer exist in systemd
+	sm.Lock()
+	for unitName := range sm.serviceStatsMap {
+		if _, exists := currentUnits[unitName]; !exists {
+			delete(sm.serviceStatsMap, unitName)
+		}
+	}
+	sm.Unlock()
+
+	sm.hasFreshStats = true
+	return services
+}
+
+// updateServiceStats updates the statistics for a single systemd service.
+func (sm *systemdManager) updateServiceStats(conn *dbus.Conn, unit dbus.UnitStatus) (*systemd.Service, error) {
+	sm.Lock()
+	defer sm.Unlock()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// if service has never been active (no active since time), skip it
+	if activeEnterTsProp, err := conn.GetUnitTypePropertyContext(ctx, unit.Name, "Unit", "ActiveEnterTimestamp"); err == nil {
+		if ts, ok := activeEnterTsProp.Value.Value().(uint64); !ok || ts == 0 || ts == math.MaxUint64 {
+			return nil, errNoActiveTime
+		}
+	} else {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	service, serviceExists := sm.serviceStatsMap[unit.Name]
+	if !serviceExists {
+		service = &systemd.Service{Name: unescapeServiceName(strings.TrimSuffix(unit.Name, ".service"))}
+		sm.serviceStatsMap[unit.Name] = service
+	}
+
+	memPeak := service.MemPeak
+	if memPeakProp, err := conn.GetUnitTypePropertyContext(ctx, unit.Name, "Service", "MemoryPeak"); err == nil {
+		// If memPeak is MaxUint64 the api is saying it's not available
+		if v, ok := memPeakProp.Value.Value().(uint64); ok && v != math.MaxUint64 {
+			memPeak = v
+		}
+	}
+
+	var memUsage uint64
+	if memProp, err := conn.GetUnitTypePropertyContext(ctx, unit.Name, "Service", "MemoryCurrent"); err == nil {
+		// If memUsage is MaxUint64 the api is saying it's not available
+		if v, ok := memProp.Value.Value().(uint64); ok && v != math.MaxUint64 {
+			memUsage = v
+		}
+	}
+
+	service.State = systemd.ParseServiceStatus(unit.ActiveState)
+	service.Sub = systemd.ParseServiceSubState(unit.SubState)
+
+	// some systems always return 0 for mem peak, so we should update the peak if the current usage is greater
+	if memUsage > memPeak {
+		memPeak = memUsage
+	}
+
+	var cpuUsage uint64
+	if cpuProp, err := conn.GetUnitTypePropertyContext(ctx, unit.Name, "Service", "CPUUsageNSec"); err == nil {
+		if v, ok := cpuProp.Value.Value().(uint64); ok {
+			cpuUsage = v
+		}
+	}
+
+	service.Mem = memUsage
+	if memPeak > service.MemPeak {
+		service.MemPeak = memPeak
+	}
+	service.UpdateCPUPercent(cpuUsage)
+
+	return service, nil
+}
+
+// getServiceDetails collects extended information for a specific systemd service.
+func (sm *systemdManager) getServiceDetails(serviceName string) (systemd.ServiceDetails, error) {
+	conn, err := dbus.NewSystemConnectionContext(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	unitName := serviceName
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(unitName, ".service") {
+		unitName += ".service"
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	props, err := conn.GetUnitPropertiesContext(ctx, unitName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Start with all unit properties
+	details := make(systemd.ServiceDetails)
+	maps.Copy(details, props)
+
+	// // Add service-specific properties
+	servicePropNames := []string{
+		"MainPID", "ExecMainPID", "TasksCurrent", "TasksMax",
+		"MemoryCurrent", "MemoryPeak", "MemoryLimit", "CPUUsageNSec",
+		"NRestarts", "ExecMainStartTimestampRealtime", "Result",
+	}
+
+	for _, propName := range servicePropNames {
+		if variant, err := conn.GetUnitTypePropertyContext(ctx, unitName, "Service", propName); err == nil {
+			value := variant.Value.Value()
+			// Check if the value is MaxUint64, which indicates unlimited/infinite
+			if uint64Value, ok := value.(uint64); ok && uint64Value == math.MaxUint64 {
+				// Set to nil to indicate unlimited - frontend will handle this appropriately
+				details[propName] = nil
+			} else {
+				details[propName] = value
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return details, nil
+}
+
+// unescapeServiceName unescapes systemd service names that contain C-style escape sequences like \x2d
+func unescapeServiceName(name string) string {
+	if !strings.Contains(name, "\\x") {
+		return name
+	}
+	unescaped, err := strconv.Unquote("\"" + name + "\"")
+	if err != nil {
+		return name
+	}
+	return unescaped
+}
+
+// getServicePatterns returns the list of service patterns to match.
+// It reads from the SERVICE_PATTERNS environment variable if set,
+// otherwise defaults to "*service".
+func getServicePatterns() []string {
+	patterns := []string{}
+	if envPatterns, _ := utils.GetEnv("SERVICE_PATTERNS"); envPatterns != "" {
+		for pattern := range strings.SplitSeq(envPatterns, ",") {
+			pattern = strings.TrimSpace(pattern)
+			if pattern == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			if !strings.HasSuffix(pattern, ".service") {
+				pattern += ".service"
+			}
+			patterns = append(patterns, pattern)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(patterns) == 0 {
+		patterns = []string{"*.service"}
+	}
+	return patterns
+}

agent/systemd_nonlinux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/entities/systemd"
+)
+
+// systemdManager manages the collection of systemd service statistics.
+type systemdManager struct {
+	hasFreshStats bool
+}
+
+// newSystemdManager creates a new systemdManager.
+func newSystemdManager() (*systemdManager, error) {
+	return &systemdManager{}, nil
+}
+
+// getServiceStats returns nil for non-linux systems.
+func (sm *systemdManager) getServiceStats(conn any, refresh bool) []*systemd.Service {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// getServiceStatsCount returns 0 for non-linux systems.
+func (sm *systemdManager) getServiceStatsCount() int {
+	return 0
+}
+
+// getFailedServiceCount returns 0 for non-linux systems.
+func (sm *systemdManager) getFailedServiceCount() uint16 {
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (sm *systemdManager) getServiceDetails(string) (systemd.ServiceDetails, error) {
+	return nil, errors.New("systemd manager unavailable")
+}

agent/systemd_nonlinux_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+//go:build !linux && testing
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestNewSystemdManager(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, err := newSystemdManager()
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, manager)
+}
+
+func TestSystemdManagerGetServiceStats(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, err := newSystemdManager()
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Test with refresh = true
+	result := manager.getServiceStats("any-service", true)
+	assert.Nil(t, result)
+
+	// Test with refresh = false
+	result = manager.getServiceStats("any-service", false)
+	assert.Nil(t, result)
+}
+
+func TestSystemdManagerGetServiceDetails(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, err := newSystemdManager()
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	result, err := manager.getServiceDetails("any-service")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "systemd manager unavailable", err.Error())
+	assert.Nil(t, result)
+
+	// Test with empty service name
+	result, err = manager.getServiceDetails("")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "systemd manager unavailable", err.Error())
+	assert.Nil(t, result)
+}
+
+func TestSystemdManagerFields(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, err := newSystemdManager()
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// The non-linux manager should be a simple struct with no special fields
+	// We can't test private fields directly, but we can test the methods work
+	assert.NotNil(t, manager)
+}

agent/systemd_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+//go:build linux && testing
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestUnescapeServiceName(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		input    string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{"nginx.service", "nginx.service"},                                     // No escaping needed
+		{"test\\x2dwith\\x2ddashes.service", "test-with-dashes.service"},       // \x2d is dash
+		{"service\\x20with\\x20spaces.service", "service with spaces.service"}, // \x20 is space
+		{"mixed\\x2dand\\x2dnormal", "mixed-and-normal"},                       // Mixed escaped and normal
+		{"no-escape-here", "no-escape-here"},                                   // No escape sequences
+		{"", ""},                                                               // Empty string
+		{"\\x2d\\x2d", "--"},                                                   // Multiple escapes
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.input, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := unescapeServiceName(test.input)
+			assert.Equal(t, test.expected, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUnescapeServiceNameInvalid(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test invalid escape sequences - should return original string
+	invalidInputs := []string{
+		"invalid\\x",   // Incomplete escape
+		"invalid\\xZZ", // Invalid hex
+		"invalid\\x2",  // Incomplete hex
+		"invalid\\xyz", // Not a valid escape
+	}
+
+	for _, input := range invalidInputs {
+		t.Run(input, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := unescapeServiceName(input)
+			assert.Equal(t, input, result, "Invalid escape sequences should return original string")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsSystemdAvailable(t *testing.T) {
+	// Note: This test's result will vary based on the actual system running the tests
+	// On systems with systemd, it should return true
+	// On systems without systemd, it should return false
+	result := isSystemdAvailable()
+
+	// Check if either the /run/systemd/system directory exists or PID 1 is systemd
+	runSystemdExists := false
+	if _, err := os.Stat("/run/systemd/system"); err == nil {
+		runSystemdExists = true
+	}
+
+	pid1IsSystemd := false
+	if data, err := os.ReadFile("/proc/1/comm"); err == nil {
+		pid1IsSystemd = strings.TrimSpace(string(data)) == "systemd"
+	}
+
+	expected := runSystemdExists || pid1IsSystemd
+
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, result, "isSystemdAvailable should correctly detect systemd presence")
+
+	// Log the result for informational purposes
+	if result {
+		t.Log("Systemd is available on this system")
+	} else {
+		t.Log("Systemd is not available on this system")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetServicePatterns(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		prefixedEnv    string
+		unprefixedEnv  string
+		expected       []string
+		cleanupEnvVars bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "default when no env var set",
+			prefixedEnv:    "",
+			unprefixedEnv:  "",
+			expected:       []string{"*.service"},
+			cleanupEnvVars: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "single pattern with prefixed env",
+			prefixedEnv:    "nginx",
+			unprefixedEnv:  "",
+			expected:       []string{"nginx.service"},
+			cleanupEnvVars: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "single pattern with unprefixed env",
+			prefixedEnv:    "",
+			unprefixedEnv:  "nginx",
+			expected:       []string{"nginx.service"},
+			cleanupEnvVars: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "prefixed env takes precedence",
+			prefixedEnv:    "nginx",
+			unprefixedEnv:  "apache",
+			expected:       []string{"nginx.service"},
+			cleanupEnvVars: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "multiple patterns",
+			prefixedEnv:    "nginx,apache,postgresql",
+			unprefixedEnv:  "",
+			expected:       []string{"nginx.service", "apache.service", "postgresql.service"},
+			cleanupEnvVars: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "patterns with .service suffix",
+			prefixedEnv:    "nginx.service,apache.service",
+			unprefixedEnv:  "",
+			expected:       []string{"nginx.service", "apache.service"},
+			cleanupEnvVars: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "mixed patterns with and without suffix",
+			prefixedEnv:    "nginx.service,apache,postgresql.service",
+			unprefixedEnv:  "",
+			expected:       []string{"nginx.service", "apache.service", "postgresql.service"},
+			cleanupEnvVars: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "patterns with whitespace",
+			prefixedEnv:    " nginx , apache , postgresql ",
+			unprefixedEnv:  "",
+			expected:       []string{"nginx.service", "apache.service", "postgresql.service"},
+			cleanupEnvVars: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "empty patterns are skipped",
+			prefixedEnv:    "nginx,,apache,  ,postgresql",
+			unprefixedEnv:  "",
+			expected:       []string{"nginx.service", "apache.service", "postgresql.service"},
+			cleanupEnvVars: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "wildcard pattern",
+			prefixedEnv:    "*nginx*,*apache*",
+			unprefixedEnv:  "",
+			expected:       []string{"*nginx*.service", "*apache*.service"},
+			cleanupEnvVars: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Clean up any existing env vars
+			os.Unsetenv("BESZEL_AGENT_SERVICE_PATTERNS")
+			os.Unsetenv("SERVICE_PATTERNS")
+
+			// Set up environment variables
+			if tt.prefixedEnv != "" {
+				os.Setenv("BESZEL_AGENT_SERVICE_PATTERNS", tt.prefixedEnv)
+			}
+			if tt.unprefixedEnv != "" {
+				os.Setenv("SERVICE_PATTERNS", tt.unprefixedEnv)
+			}
+
+			// Run the function
+			result := getServicePatterns()
+
+			// Verify results
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, result, "Patterns should match expected values")
+
+			// Cleanup
+			if tt.cleanupEnvVars {
+				os.Unsetenv("BESZEL_AGENT_SERVICE_PATTERNS")
+				os.Unsetenv("SERVICE_PATTERNS")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

agent/test-data/amdgpu.ids

@@ -0,0 +1,700 @@
+# List of AMDGPU IDs
+#
+# Syntax:
+# device_id,	revision_id,	product_name        <-- single tab after comma
+
+1.0.0
+1114,	C2,	AMD Radeon 860M Graphics
+1114,	C3,	AMD Radeon 840M Graphics
+1114,	D2,	AMD Radeon 860M Graphics
+1114,	D3,	AMD Radeon 840M Graphics
+1309,	00,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+130A,	00,	AMD Radeon R6 Graphics
+130B,	00,	AMD Radeon R4 Graphics
+130C,	00,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+130D,	00,	AMD Radeon R6 Graphics
+130E,	00,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+130F,	00,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+130F,	D4,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+130F,	D5,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+130F,	D6,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+130F,	D7,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+1313,	00,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+1313,	D4,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+1313,	D5,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+1313,	D6,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+1315,	00,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+1315,	D4,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+1315,	D5,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+1315,	D6,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+1315,	D7,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+1316,	00,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+1318,	00,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+131B,	00,	AMD Radeon R4 Graphics
+131C,	00,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+131D,	00,	AMD Radeon R6 Graphics
+1435,	AE,	AMD Custom GPU 0932
+1506,	C1,	AMD Radeon 610M
+1506,	C2,	AMD Radeon 610M
+1506,	C3,	AMD Radeon 610M
+1506,	C4,	AMD Radeon 610M
+150E,	C1,	AMD Radeon 890M Graphics
+150E,	C4,	AMD Radeon 890M Graphics
+150E,	C5,	AMD Radeon 890M Graphics
+150E,	C6,	AMD Radeon 890M Graphics
+150E,	D1,	AMD Radeon 890M Graphics
+150E,	D2,	AMD Radeon 890M Graphics
+150E,	D3,	AMD Radeon 890M Graphics
+1586,	C1,	Radeon 8060S Graphics
+1586,	C2,	Radeon 8050S Graphics
+1586,	C4,	Radeon 8050S Graphics
+1586,	D1,	Radeon 8060S Graphics
+1586,	D2,	Radeon 8050S Graphics
+1586,	D4,	Radeon 8050S Graphics
+1586,	D5,	Radeon 8040S Graphics
+15BF,	00,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+15BF,	01,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+15BF,	02,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+15BF,	03,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+15BF,	C1,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+15BF,	C2,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+15BF,	C3,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+15BF,	C4,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+15BF,	C5,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+15BF,	C6,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+15BF,	C7,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+15BF,	C8,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+15BF,	C9,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+15BF,	CA,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+15BF,	CB,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+15BF,	CC,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+15BF,	CD,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+15BF,	CF,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+15BF,	D0,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+15BF,	D1,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+15BF,	D2,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+15BF,	D3,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+15BF,	D4,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+15BF,	D5,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+15BF,	D6,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+15BF,	D7,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+15BF,	D8,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+15BF,	D9,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+15BF,	DA,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+15BF,	DB,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+15BF,	DC,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+15BF,	DD,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+15BF,	DE,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+15BF,	DF,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+15BF,	F0,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+15C8,	C1,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+15C8,	C2,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+15C8,	C3,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+15C8,	C4,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+15C8,	D1,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+15C8,	D2,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+15C8,	D3,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+15C8,	D4,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+15D8,	00,	AMD Radeon RX Vega 8 Graphics WS
+15D8,	91,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15D8,	91,	AMD Ryzen Embedded R1606G with Radeon Vega Gfx
+15D8,	92,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15D8,	92,	AMD Ryzen Embedded R1505G with Radeon Vega Gfx
+15D8,	93,	AMD Radeon Vega 1 Graphics
+15D8,	A1,	AMD Radeon Vega 10 Graphics
+15D8,	A2,	AMD Radeon Vega 8 Graphics
+15D8,	A3,	AMD Radeon Vega 6 Graphics
+15D8,	A4,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15D8,	B1,	AMD Radeon Vega 10 Graphics
+15D8,	B2,	AMD Radeon Vega 8 Graphics
+15D8,	B3,	AMD Radeon Vega 6 Graphics
+15D8,	B4,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15D8,	C1,	AMD Radeon Vega 10 Graphics
+15D8,	C2,	AMD Radeon Vega 8 Graphics
+15D8,	C3,	AMD Radeon Vega 6 Graphics
+15D8,	C4,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15D8,	C5,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15D8,	C8,	AMD Radeon Vega 11 Graphics
+15D8,	C9,	AMD Radeon Vega 8 Graphics
+15D8,	CA,	AMD Radeon Vega 11 Graphics
+15D8,	CB,	AMD Radeon Vega 8 Graphics
+15D8,	CC,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15D8,	CE,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15D8,	CF,	AMD Ryzen Embedded R1305G with Radeon Vega Gfx
+15D8,	D1,	AMD Radeon Vega 10 Graphics
+15D8,	D2,	AMD Radeon Vega 8 Graphics
+15D8,	D3,	AMD Radeon Vega 6 Graphics
+15D8,	D4,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15D8,	D8,	AMD Radeon Vega 11 Graphics
+15D8,	D9,	AMD Radeon Vega 8 Graphics
+15D8,	DA,	AMD Radeon Vega 11 Graphics
+15D8,	DB,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15D8,	DB,	AMD Radeon Vega 8 Graphics
+15D8,	DC,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15D8,	DD,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15D8,	DE,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15D8,	DF,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15D8,	E3,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15D8,	E4,	AMD Ryzen Embedded R1102G with Radeon Vega Gfx
+15DD,	81,	AMD Ryzen Embedded V1807B with Radeon Vega Gfx
+15DD,	82,	AMD Ryzen Embedded V1756B with Radeon Vega Gfx
+15DD,	83,	AMD Ryzen Embedded V1605B with Radeon Vega Gfx
+15DD,	84,	AMD Radeon Vega 6 Graphics
+15DD,	85,	AMD Ryzen Embedded V1202B with Radeon Vega Gfx
+15DD,	86,	AMD Radeon Vega 11 Graphics
+15DD,	88,	AMD Radeon Vega 8 Graphics
+15DD,	C1,	AMD Radeon Vega 11 Graphics
+15DD,	C2,	AMD Radeon Vega 8 Graphics
+15DD,	C3,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 / 10 Graphics
+15DD,	C4,	AMD Radeon Vega 8 Graphics
+15DD,	C5,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15DD,	C6,	AMD Radeon Vega 11 Graphics
+15DD,	C8,	AMD Radeon Vega 8 Graphics
+15DD,	C9,	AMD Radeon Vega 11 Graphics
+15DD,	CA,	AMD Radeon Vega 8 Graphics
+15DD,	CB,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15DD,	CC,	AMD Radeon Vega 6 Graphics
+15DD,	CE,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15DD,	CF,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15DD,	D0,	AMD Radeon Vega 10 Graphics
+15DD,	D1,	AMD Radeon Vega 8 Graphics
+15DD,	D3,	AMD Radeon Vega 11 Graphics
+15DD,	D5,	AMD Radeon Vega 8 Graphics
+15DD,	D6,	AMD Radeon Vega 11 Graphics
+15DD,	D7,	AMD Radeon Vega 8 Graphics
+15DD,	D8,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15DD,	D9,	AMD Radeon Vega 6 Graphics
+15DD,	E1,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+15DD,	E2,	AMD Radeon Vega 3 Graphics
+163F,	AE,	AMD Custom GPU 0405
+163F,	E1,	AMD Custom GPU 0405
+164E,	D8,	AMD Radeon 610M
+164E,	D9,	AMD Radeon 610M
+164E,	DA,	AMD Radeon 610M
+164E,	DB,	AMD Radeon 610M
+164E,	DC,	AMD Radeon 610M
+1681,	06,	AMD Radeon 680M
+1681,	07,	AMD Radeon 660M
+1681,	0A,	AMD Radeon 680M
+1681,	0B,	AMD Radeon 660M
+1681,	C7,	AMD Radeon 680M
+1681,	C8,	AMD Radeon 680M
+1681,	C9,	AMD Radeon 660M
+1900,	01,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	02,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+1900,	03,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	04,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+1900,	05,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	06,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	07,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+1900,	B0,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	B1,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	B2,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	B3,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	B4,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	B5,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	B6,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	B7,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+1900,	B8,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+1900,	B9,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	BA,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	BB,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	C0,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	C1,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+1900,	C2,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	C3,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+1900,	C4,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	C5,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	C6,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+1900,	C7,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	C8,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+1900,	C9,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	CA,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+1900,	CB,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	CC,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	CD,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+1900,	CE,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	CF,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+1900,	D0,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	D1,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+1900,	D2,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	D3,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+1900,	D4,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	D5,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	D6,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+1900,	D7,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	D8,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+1900,	D9,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	DA,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+1900,	DB,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	DC,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	DD,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+1900,	DE,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	DF,	AMD Radeon 760M Graphics
+1900,	F0,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	F1,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1900,	F2,	AMD Radeon 780M Graphics
+1901,	C1,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+1901,	C2,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+1901,	C3,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+1901,	C6,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+1901,	C7,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+1901,	C8,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+1901,	C9,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+1901,	CA,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+1901,	D1,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+1901,	D2,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+1901,	D3,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+1901,	D4,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+1901,	D5,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+1901,	D6,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+1901,	D7,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+1901,	D8,	AMD Radeon 740M Graphics
+6600,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8600 / 8700M
+6600,	81,	AMD Radeon R7 M370
+6601,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8500M / 8700M
+6604,	00,	AMD Radeon R7 M265 Series
+6604,	81,	AMD Radeon R7 M350
+6605,	00,	AMD Radeon R7 M260 Series
+6605,	81,	AMD Radeon R7 M340
+6606,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8790M
+6607,	00,	AMD Radeon R5 M240
+6608,	00,	AMD FirePro W2100
+6610,	00,	AMD Radeon R7 200 Series
+6610,	81,	AMD Radeon R7 350
+6610,	83,	AMD Radeon R5 340
+6610,	87,	AMD Radeon R7 200 Series
+6611,	00,	AMD Radeon R7 200 Series
+6611,	87,	AMD Radeon R7 200 Series
+6613,	00,	AMD Radeon R7 200 Series
+6617,	00,	AMD Radeon R7 240 Series
+6617,	87,	AMD Radeon R7 200 Series
+6617,	C7,	AMD Radeon R7 240 Series
+6640,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8950
+6640,	80,	AMD Radeon R9 M380
+6646,	00,	AMD Radeon R9 M280X
+6646,	80,	AMD Radeon R9 M385
+6646,	80,	AMD Radeon R9 M470X
+6647,	00,	AMD Radeon R9 M200X Series
+6647,	80,	AMD Radeon R9 M380
+6649,	00,	AMD FirePro W5100
+6658,	00,	AMD Radeon R7 200 Series
+665C,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 7700 Series
+665D,	00,	AMD Radeon R7 200 Series
+665F,	81,	AMD Radeon R7 360 Series
+6660,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8600M Series
+6660,	81,	AMD Radeon R5 M335
+6660,	83,	AMD Radeon R5 M330
+6663,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8500M Series
+6663,	83,	AMD Radeon R5 M320
+6664,	00,	AMD Radeon R5 M200 Series
+6665,	00,	AMD Radeon R5 M230 Series
+6665,	83,	AMD Radeon R5 M320
+6665,	C3,	AMD Radeon R5 M435
+6666,	00,	AMD Radeon R5 M200 Series
+6667,	00,	AMD Radeon R5 M200 Series
+666F,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8500M
+66A1,	02,	AMD Instinct MI60 / MI50
+66A1,	06,	AMD Radeon Pro VII
+66AF,	C1,	AMD Radeon VII
+6780,	00,	AMD FirePro W9000
+6784,	00,	ATI FirePro V (FireGL V) Graphics Adapter
+6788,	00,	ATI FirePro V (FireGL V) Graphics Adapter
+678A,	00,	AMD FirePro W8000
+6798,	00,	AMD Radeon R9 200 / HD 7900 Series
+6799,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 7900 Series
+679A,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 7900 Series
+679B,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 7900 Series
+679E,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 7800 Series
+67A0,	00,	AMD Radeon FirePro W9100
+67A1,	00,	AMD Radeon FirePro W8100
+67B0,	00,	AMD Radeon R9 200 Series
+67B0,	80,	AMD Radeon R9 390 Series
+67B1,	00,	AMD Radeon R9 200 Series
+67B1,	80,	AMD Radeon R9 390 Series
+67B9,	00,	AMD Radeon R9 200 Series
+67C0,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro WX 7100 Graphics
+67C0,	80,	AMD Radeon E9550
+67C2,	01,	AMD Radeon Pro V7350x2
+67C2,	02,	AMD Radeon Pro V7300X
+67C4,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro WX 7100 Graphics
+67C4,	80,	AMD Radeon E9560 / E9565 Graphics
+67C7,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro WX 5100 Graphics
+67C7,	80,	AMD Radeon E9390 Graphics
+67D0,	01,	AMD Radeon Pro V7350x2
+67D0,	02,	AMD Radeon Pro V7300X
+67DF,	C0,	AMD Radeon Pro 580X
+67DF,	C1,	AMD Radeon RX 580 Series
+67DF,	C2,	AMD Radeon RX 570 Series
+67DF,	C3,	AMD Radeon RX 580 Series
+67DF,	C4,	AMD Radeon RX 480 Graphics
+67DF,	C5,	AMD Radeon RX 470 Graphics
+67DF,	C6,	AMD Radeon RX 570 Series
+67DF,	C7,	AMD Radeon RX 480 Graphics
+67DF,	CF,	AMD Radeon RX 470 Graphics
+67DF,	D7,	AMD Radeon RX 470 Graphics
+67DF,	E0,	AMD Radeon RX 470 Series
+67DF,	E1,	AMD Radeon RX 590 Series
+67DF,	E3,	AMD Radeon RX Series
+67DF,	E7,	AMD Radeon RX 580 Series
+67DF,	EB,	AMD Radeon Pro 580X
+67DF,	EF,	AMD Radeon RX 570 Series
+67DF,	F7,	AMD Radeon RX P30PH
+67DF,	FF,	AMD Radeon RX 470 Series
+67E0,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro WX Series
+67E3,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro WX 4100
+67E8,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro WX Series
+67E8,	01,	AMD Radeon Pro WX Series
+67E8,	80,	AMD Radeon E9260 Graphics
+67EB,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro V5300X
+67EF,	C0,	AMD Radeon RX Graphics
+67EF,	C1,	AMD Radeon RX 460 Graphics
+67EF,	C2,	AMD Radeon Pro Series
+67EF,	C3,	AMD Radeon RX Series
+67EF,	C5,	AMD Radeon RX 460 Graphics
+67EF,	C7,	AMD Radeon RX Graphics
+67EF,	CF,	AMD Radeon RX 460 Graphics
+67EF,	E0,	AMD Radeon RX 560 Series
+67EF,	E1,	AMD Radeon RX Series
+67EF,	E2,	AMD Radeon RX 560X
+67EF,	E3,	AMD Radeon RX Series
+67EF,	E5,	AMD Radeon RX 560 Series
+67EF,	E7,	AMD Radeon RX 560 Series
+67EF,	EF,	AMD Radeon 550 Series
+67EF,	FF,	AMD Radeon RX 460 Graphics
+67FF,	C0,	AMD Radeon Pro 465
+67FF,	C1,	AMD Radeon RX 560 Series
+67FF,	CF,	AMD Radeon RX 560 Series
+67FF,	EF,	AMD Radeon RX 560 Series
+67FF,	FF,	AMD Radeon RX 550 Series
+6800,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 7970M
+6801,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8970M
+6806,	00,	AMD Radeon R9 M290X
+6808,	00,	AMD FirePro W7000
+6808,	00,	ATI FirePro V (FireGL V) Graphics Adapter
+6809,	00,	ATI FirePro W5000
+6810,	00,	AMD Radeon R9 200 Series
+6810,	81,	AMD Radeon R9 370 Series
+6811,	00,	AMD Radeon R9 200 Series
+6811,	81,	AMD Radeon R7 370 Series
+6818,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 7800 Series
+6819,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 7800 Series
+6820,	00,	AMD Radeon R9 M275X
+6820,	81,	AMD Radeon R9 M375
+6820,	83,	AMD Radeon R9 M375X
+6821,	00,	AMD Radeon R9 M200X Series
+6821,	83,	AMD Radeon R9 M370X
+6821,	87,	AMD Radeon R7 M380
+6822,	00,	AMD Radeon E8860
+6823,	00,	AMD Radeon R9 M200X Series
+6825,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 7800M Series
+6826,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 7700M Series
+6827,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 7800M Series
+6828,	00,	AMD FirePro W600
+682B,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8800M Series
+682B,	87,	AMD Radeon R9 M360
+682C,	00,	AMD FirePro W4100
+682D,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 7700M Series
+682F,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 7700M Series
+6830,	00,	AMD Radeon 7800M Series
+6831,	00,	AMD Radeon 7700M Series
+6835,	00,	AMD Radeon R7 Series / HD 9000 Series
+6837,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 7700 Series
+683D,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 7700 Series
+683F,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 7700 Series
+684C,	00,	ATI FirePro V (FireGL V) Graphics Adapter
+6860,	00,	AMD Radeon Instinct MI25
+6860,	01,	AMD Radeon Instinct MI25
+6860,	02,	AMD Radeon Instinct MI25
+6860,	03,	AMD Radeon Pro V340
+6860,	04,	AMD Radeon Instinct MI25x2
+6860,	07,	AMD Radeon Pro V320
+6861,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro WX 9100
+6862,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro SSG
+6863,	00,	AMD Radeon Vega Frontier Edition
+6864,	03,	AMD Radeon Pro V340
+6864,	04,	AMD Radeon Instinct MI25x2
+6864,	05,	AMD Radeon Pro V340
+6868,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro WX 8200
+686C,	00,	AMD Radeon Instinct MI25 MxGPU
+686C,	01,	AMD Radeon Instinct MI25 MxGPU
+686C,	02,	AMD Radeon Instinct MI25 MxGPU
+686C,	03,	AMD Radeon Pro V340 MxGPU
+686C,	04,	AMD Radeon Instinct MI25x2 MxGPU
+686C,	05,	AMD Radeon Pro V340L MxGPU
+686C,	06,	AMD Radeon Instinct MI25 MxGPU
+687F,	01,	AMD Radeon RX Vega
+687F,	C0,	AMD Radeon RX Vega
+687F,	C1,	AMD Radeon RX Vega
+687F,	C3,	AMD Radeon RX Vega
+687F,	C7,	AMD Radeon RX Vega
+6900,	00,	AMD Radeon R7 M260
+6900,	81,	AMD Radeon R7 M360
+6900,	83,	AMD Radeon R7 M340
+6900,	C1,	AMD Radeon R5 M465 Series
+6900,	C3,	AMD Radeon R5 M445 Series
+6900,	D1,	AMD Radeon 530 Series
+6900,	D3,	AMD Radeon 530 Series
+6901,	00,	AMD Radeon R5 M255
+6902,	00,	AMD Radeon Series
+6907,	00,	AMD Radeon R5 M255
+6907,	87,	AMD Radeon R5 M315
+6920,	00,	AMD Radeon R9 M395X
+6920,	01,	AMD Radeon R9 M390X
+6921,	00,	AMD Radeon R9 M390X
+6929,	00,	AMD FirePro S7150
+6929,	01,	AMD FirePro S7100X
+692B,	00,	AMD FirePro W7100
+6938,	00,	AMD Radeon R9 200 Series
+6938,	F0,	AMD Radeon R9 200 Series
+6938,	F1,	AMD Radeon R9 380 Series
+6939,	00,	AMD Radeon R9 200 Series
+6939,	F0,	AMD Radeon R9 200 Series
+6939,	F1,	AMD Radeon R9 380 Series
+694C,	C0,	AMD Radeon RX Vega M GH Graphics
+694E,	C0,	AMD Radeon RX Vega M GL Graphics
+6980,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro WX 3100
+6981,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro WX 3200 Series
+6981,	01,	AMD Radeon Pro WX 3200 Series
+6981,	10,	AMD Radeon Pro WX 3200 Series
+6985,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro WX 3100
+6986,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro WX 2100
+6987,	80,	AMD Embedded Radeon E9171
+6987,	C0,	AMD Radeon 550X Series
+6987,	C1,	AMD Radeon RX 640
+6987,	C3,	AMD Radeon 540X Series
+6987,	C7,	AMD Radeon 540
+6995,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro WX 2100
+6997,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro WX 2100
+699F,	81,	AMD Embedded Radeon E9170 Series
+699F,	C0,	AMD Radeon 500 Series
+699F,	C1,	AMD Radeon 540 Series
+699F,	C3,	AMD Radeon 500 Series
+699F,	C7,	AMD Radeon RX 550 / 550 Series
+699F,	C9,	AMD Radeon 540
+6FDF,	E7,	AMD Radeon RX 590 GME
+6FDF,	EF,	AMD Radeon RX 580 2048SP
+7300,	C1,	AMD FirePro S9300 x2
+7300,	C8,	AMD Radeon R9 Fury Series
+7300,	C9,	AMD Radeon Pro Duo
+7300,	CA,	AMD Radeon R9 Fury Series
+7300,	CB,	AMD Radeon R9 Fury Series
+7312,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro W5700
+731E,	C6,	AMD Radeon RX 5700XTB
+731E,	C7,	AMD Radeon RX 5700B
+731F,	C0,	AMD Radeon RX 5700 XT 50th Anniversary
+731F,	C1,	AMD Radeon RX 5700 XT
+731F,	C2,	AMD Radeon RX 5600M
+731F,	C3,	AMD Radeon RX 5700M
+731F,	C4,	AMD Radeon RX 5700
+731F,	C5,	AMD Radeon RX 5700 XT
+731F,	CA,	AMD Radeon RX 5600 XT
+731F,	CB,	AMD Radeon RX 5600 OEM
+7340,	C1,	AMD Radeon RX 5500M
+7340,	C3,	AMD Radeon RX 5300M
+7340,	C5,	AMD Radeon RX 5500 XT
+7340,	C7,	AMD Radeon RX 5500
+7340,	C9,	AMD Radeon RX 5500XTB
+7340,	CF,	AMD Radeon RX 5300
+7341,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro W5500
+7347,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro W5500M
+7360,	41,	AMD Radeon Pro 5600M
+7360,	C3,	AMD Radeon Pro V520
+7362,	C1,	AMD Radeon Pro V540
+7362,	C3,	AMD Radeon Pro V520
+738C,	01,	AMD Instinct MI100
+73A1,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro V620
+73A3,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro W6800
+73A5,	C0,	AMD Radeon RX 6950 XT
+73AE,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro V620 MxGPU
+73AF,	C0,	AMD Radeon RX 6900 XT
+73BF,	C0,	AMD Radeon RX 6900 XT
+73BF,	C1,	AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT
+73BF,	C3,	AMD Radeon RX 6800
+73DF,	C0,	AMD Radeon RX 6750 XT
+73DF,	C1,	AMD Radeon RX 6700 XT
+73DF,	C2,	AMD Radeon RX 6800M
+73DF,	C3,	AMD Radeon RX 6800M
+73DF,	C5,	AMD Radeon RX 6700 XT
+73DF,	CF,	AMD Radeon RX 6700M
+73DF,	D5,	AMD Radeon RX 6750 GRE 12GB
+73DF,	D7,	AMD TDC-235
+73DF,	DF,	AMD Radeon RX 6700
+73DF,	E5,	AMD Radeon RX 6750 GRE 12GB
+73DF,	FF,	AMD Radeon RX 6700
+73E0,	00,	AMD Radeon RX 6600M
+73E1,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro W6600M
+73E3,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro W6600
+73EF,	C0,	AMD Radeon RX 6800S
+73EF,	C1,	AMD Radeon RX 6650 XT
+73EF,	C2,	AMD Radeon RX 6700S
+73EF,	C3,	AMD Radeon RX 6650M
+73EF,	C4,	AMD Radeon RX 6650M XT
+73FF,	C1,	AMD Radeon RX 6600 XT
+73FF,	C3,	AMD Radeon RX 6600M
+73FF,	C7,	AMD Radeon RX 6600
+73FF,	CB,	AMD Radeon RX 6600S
+73FF,	CF,	AMD Radeon RX 6600 LE
+73FF,	DF,	AMD Radeon RX 6750 GRE 10GB
+7408,	00,	AMD Instinct MI250X
+740C,	01,	AMD Instinct MI250X / MI250
+740F,	02,	AMD Instinct MI210
+7421,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro W6500M
+7422,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro W6400
+7423,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro W6300M
+7423,	01,	AMD Radeon Pro W6300
+7424,	00,	AMD Radeon RX 6300
+743F,	C1,	AMD Radeon RX 6500 XT
+743F,	C3,	AMD Radeon RX 6500
+743F,	C3,	AMD Radeon RX 6500M
+743F,	C7,	AMD Radeon RX 6400
+743F,	C8,	AMD Radeon RX 6500M
+743F,	CC,	AMD Radeon 6550S
+743F,	CE,	AMD Radeon RX 6450M
+743F,	CF,	AMD Radeon RX 6300M
+743F,	D3,	AMD Radeon RX 6550M
+743F,	D7,	AMD Radeon RX 6400
+7448,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro W7900
+7449,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro W7800 48GB
+744A,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro W7900 Dual Slot
+744B,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro W7900D
+744C,	C8,	AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX
+744C,	CC,	AMD Radeon RX 7900 XT
+744C,	CE,	AMD Radeon RX 7900 GRE
+744C,	CF,	AMD Radeon RX 7900M
+745E,	CC,	AMD Radeon Pro W7800
+7460,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro V710
+7461,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro V710 MxGPU
+7470,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro W7700
+747E,	C8,	AMD Radeon RX 7800 XT
+747E,	D8,	AMD Radeon RX 7800M
+747E,	DB,	AMD Radeon RX 7700
+747E,	FF,	AMD Radeon RX 7700 XT
+7480,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro W7600
+7480,	C0,	AMD Radeon RX 7600 XT
+7480,	C1,	AMD Radeon RX 7700S
+7480,	C2,	AMD Radeon RX 7650 GRE
+7480,	C3,	AMD Radeon RX 7600S
+7480,	C7,	AMD Radeon RX 7600M XT
+7480,	CF,	AMD Radeon RX 7600
+7481,   C7,     AMD Steam Machine
+7483,	CF,	AMD Radeon RX 7600M
+7489,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro W7500
+7499,	00,	AMD Radeon Pro W7400
+7499,	C0,	AMD Radeon RX 7400
+7499,	C1,	AMD Radeon RX 7300
+74A0,	00,	AMD Instinct MI300A
+74A1,	00,	AMD Instinct MI300X
+74A2,	00,	AMD Instinct MI308X
+74A5,	00,	AMD Instinct MI325X
+74A8,	00,	AMD Instinct MI308X HF
+74A9,	00,	AMD Instinct MI300X HF
+74B5,	00,	AMD Instinct MI300X VF
+74B6,	00,	AMD Instinct MI308X
+74BD,	00,	AMD Instinct MI300X HF
+7550,	C0,	AMD Radeon RX 9070 XT
+7550,	C2,	AMD Radeon RX 9070 GRE
+7550,	C3,	AMD Radeon RX 9070
+7551,	C0,	AMD Radeon AI PRO R9700
+7590,	C0,	AMD Radeon RX 9060 XT
+7590,	C7,	AMD Radeon RX 9060
+75A0,	C0,	AMD Instinct MI350X
+75A3,	C0,	AMD Instinct MI355X
+75B0,	C0,	AMD Instinct MI350X VF
+75B3,	C0,	AMD Instinct MI355X VF
+9830,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8400 / R3 Series
+9831,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8400E
+9832,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8330
+9833,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8330E
+9834,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8210
+9835,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8210E
+9836,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8200 / R3 Series
+9837,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8280E
+9838,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8200 / R3 series
+9839,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8180
+983D,	00,	AMD Radeon HD 8250
+9850,	00,	AMD Radeon R3 Graphics
+9850,	03,	AMD Radeon R3 Graphics
+9850,	40,	AMD Radeon R2 Graphics
+9850,	45,	AMD Radeon R3 Graphics
+9851,	00,	AMD Radeon R4 Graphics
+9851,	01,	AMD Radeon R5E Graphics
+9851,	05,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+9851,	06,	AMD Radeon R5E Graphics
+9851,	40,	AMD Radeon R4 Graphics
+9851,	45,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+9852,	00,	AMD Radeon R2 Graphics
+9852,	40,	AMD Radeon E1 Graphics
+9853,	00,	AMD Radeon R2 Graphics
+9853,	01,	AMD Radeon R4E Graphics
+9853,	03,	AMD Radeon R2 Graphics
+9853,	05,	AMD Radeon R1E Graphics
+9853,	06,	AMD Radeon R1E Graphics
+9853,	07,	AMD Radeon R1E Graphics
+9853,	08,	AMD Radeon R1E Graphics
+9853,	40,	AMD Radeon R2 Graphics
+9854,	00,	AMD Radeon R3 Graphics
+9854,	01,	AMD Radeon R3E Graphics
+9854,	02,	AMD Radeon R3 Graphics
+9854,	05,	AMD Radeon R2 Graphics
+9854,	06,	AMD Radeon R4 Graphics
+9854,	07,	AMD Radeon R3 Graphics
+9855,	02,	AMD Radeon R6 Graphics
+9855,	05,	AMD Radeon R4 Graphics
+9856,	00,	AMD Radeon R2 Graphics
+9856,	01,	AMD Radeon R2E Graphics
+9856,	02,	AMD Radeon R2 Graphics
+9856,	05,	AMD Radeon R1E Graphics
+9856,	06,	AMD Radeon R2 Graphics
+9856,	07,	AMD Radeon R1E Graphics
+9856,	08,	AMD Radeon R1E Graphics
+9856,	13,	AMD Radeon R1E Graphics
+9874,	81,	AMD Radeon R6 Graphics
+9874,	84,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+9874,	85,	AMD Radeon R6 Graphics
+9874,	87,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+9874,	88,	AMD Radeon R7E Graphics
+9874,	89,	AMD Radeon R6E Graphics
+9874,	C4,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+9874,	C5,	AMD Radeon R6 Graphics
+9874,	C6,	AMD Radeon R6 Graphics
+9874,	C7,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+9874,	C8,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+9874,	C9,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+9874,	CA,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+9874,	CB,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+9874,	CC,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+9874,	CD,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+9874,	CE,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+9874,	E1,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+9874,	E2,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+9874,	E3,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+9874,	E4,	AMD Radeon R7 Graphics
+9874,	E5,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+9874,	E6,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+98E4,	80,	AMD Radeon R5E Graphics
+98E4,	81,	AMD Radeon R4E Graphics
+98E4,	83,	AMD Radeon R2E Graphics
+98E4,	84,	AMD Radeon R2E Graphics
+98E4,	86,	AMD Radeon R1E Graphics
+98E4,	C0,	AMD Radeon R4 Graphics
+98E4,	C1,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+98E4,	C2,	AMD Radeon R4 Graphics
+98E4,	C4,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+98E4,	C6,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+98E4,	C8,	AMD Radeon R4 Graphics
+98E4,	C9,	AMD Radeon R4 Graphics
+98E4,	CA,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+98E4,	D0,	AMD Radeon R2 Graphics
+98E4,	D1,	AMD Radeon R2 Graphics
+98E4,	D2,	AMD Radeon R2 Graphics
+98E4,	D4,	AMD Radeon R2 Graphics
+98E4,	D9,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+98E4,	DA,	AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
+98E4,	DB,	AMD Radeon R3 Graphics
+98E4,	E1,	AMD Radeon R3 Graphics
+98E4,	E2,	AMD Radeon R3 Graphics
+98E4,	E9,	AMD Radeon R4 Graphics
+98E4,	EA,	AMD Radeon R4 Graphics
+98E4,	EB,	AMD Radeon R3 Graphics
+98E4,	EB,	AMD Radeon R4 Graphics

agent/test-data/container.json

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+{
+	"cpu_stats": {
+		"cpu_usage": {
+			"total_usage": 312055276000
+		},
+		"system_cpu_usage": 1366399830000000
+	},
+	"memory_stats": {
+		"usage": 507400192,
+		"stats": {
+			"inactive_file": 165130240
+		}
+	},
+	"networks": {
+		"eth0": {
+			"tx_bytes": 20376558,
+			"rx_bytes": 537029455
+		},
+		"eth1": {
+			"tx_bytes": 2003766,
+			"rx_bytes": 6241
+		}
+	}
+}

agent/test-data/container2.json

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+{
+	"cpu_stats": {
+		"cpu_usage": {
+			"total_usage": 314891801000
+		},
+		"system_cpu_usage": 1368474900000000
+	},
+	"memory_stats": {
+		"usage": 507400192,
+		"stats": {
+			"inactive_file": 165130240
+		}
+	},
+	"networks": {
+		"eth0": {
+			"tx_bytes": 20376558,
+			"rx_bytes": 537029455
+		},
+		"eth1": {
+			"tx_bytes": 2003766,
+			"rx_bytes": 6241
+		}
+	}
+}

agent/test-data/nvtop.json

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+[
+  {
+   "device_name": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3050 Ti Laptop GPU",
+   "gpu_clock": "1485MHz",
+   "mem_clock": "6001MHz",
+   "temp": "48C",
+   "fan_speed": null,
+   "power_draw": "13W",
+   "gpu_util": "5%",
+   "encode": "0%",
+   "decode": "0%",
+   "mem_util": "8%",
+   "mem_total": "4294967296",
+   "mem_used": "349372416",
+   "mem_free": "3945594880",
+   "processes" : []
+  },
+  {
+   "device_name": "AMD Radeon 680M",
+   "gpu_clock": "2200MHz",
+   "mem_clock": "2400MHz",
+   "temp": "48C",
+   "fan_speed": "CPU Fan",
+   "power_draw": "9W",
+   "gpu_util": "12%",
+   "encode": null,
+   "decode": "0%",
+   "mem_util": "7%",
+   "mem_total": "16929173504",
+   "mem_used": "1213784064",
+   "mem_free": "15715389440",
+   "processes" : []
+  }
+]

agent/test-data/smart/nvme0.json

@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+{
+  "json_format_version": [
+    1,
+    0
+  ],
+  "smartctl": {
+    "version": [
+      7,
+      5
+    ],
+    "pre_release": false,
+    "svn_revision": "5714",
+    "platform_info": "x86_64-linux-6.17.1-2-cachyos",
+    "build_info": "(local build)",
+    "argv": [
+      "smartctl",
+      "-aj",
+      "/dev/nvme0"
+    ],
+    "exit_status": 0
+  },
+  "local_time": {
+    "time_t": 1761507494,
+    "asctime": "Sun Oct 26 15:38:14 2025 EDT"
+  },
+  "device": {
+    "name": "/dev/nvme0",
+    "info_name": "/dev/nvme0",
+    "type": "nvme",
+    "protocol": "NVMe"
+  },
+  "model_name": "PELADN 512GB",
+  "serial_number": "2024031600129",
+  "firmware_version": "VC2S038E",
+  "nvme_pci_vendor": {
+    "id": 4332,
+    "subsystem_id": 4332
+  },
+  "nvme_ieee_oui_identifier": 57420,
+  "nvme_controller_id": 1,
+  "nvme_version": {
+    "string": "1.4",
+    "value": 66560
+  },
+  "nvme_number_of_namespaces": 1,
+  "nvme_namespaces": [
+    {
+      "id": 1,
+      "size": {
+        "blocks": 1000215216,
+        "bytes": 512110190592
+      },
+      "capacity": {
+        "blocks": 1000215216,
+        "bytes": 512110190592
+      },
+      "utilization": {
+        "blocks": 1000215216,
+        "bytes": 512110190592
+      },
+      "formatted_lba_size": 512,
+      "eui64": {
+        "oui": 57420,
+        "ext_id": 112094110470
+      },
+      "features": {
+        "value": 0,
+        "thin_provisioning": false,
+        "na_fields": false,
+        "dealloc_or_unwritten_block_error": false,
+        "uid_reuse": false,
+        "np_fields": false,
+        "other": 0
+      },
+      "lba_formats": [
+        {
+          "formatted": true,
+          "data_bytes": 512,
+          "metadata_bytes": 0,
+          "relative_performance": 0
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "user_capacity": {
+    "blocks": 1000215216,
+    "bytes": 512110190592
+  },
+  "logical_block_size": 512,
+  "smart_support": {
+    "available": true,
+    "enabled": true
+  },
+  "nvme_firmware_update_capabilities": {
+    "value": 2,
+    "slots": 1,
+    "first_slot_is_read_only": false,
+    "activiation_without_reset": false,
+    "multiple_update_detection": false,
+    "other": 0
+  },
+  "nvme_optional_admin_commands": {
+    "value": 23,
+    "security_send_receive": true,
+    "format_nvm": true,
+    "firmware_download": true,
+    "namespace_management": false,
+    "self_test": true,
+    "directives": false,
+    "mi_send_receive": false,
+    "virtualization_management": false,
+    "doorbell_buffer_config": false,
+    "get_lba_status": false,
+    "command_and_feature_lockdown": false,
+    "other": 0
+  },
+  "nvme_optional_nvm_commands": {
+    "value": 94,
+    "compare": false,
+    "write_uncorrectable": true,
+    "dataset_management": true,
+    "write_zeroes": true,
+    "save_select_feature_nonzero": true,
+    "reservations": false,
+    "timestamp": true,
+    "verify": false,
+    "copy": false,
+    "other": 0
+  },
+  "nvme_log_page_attributes": {
+    "value": 2,
+    "smart_health_per_namespace": false,
+    "commands_effects_log": true,
+    "extended_get_log_page_cmd": false,
+    "telemetry_log": false,
+    "persistent_event_log": false,
+    "supported_log_pages_log": false,
+    "telemetry_data_area_4": false,
+    "other": 0
+  },
+  "nvme_maximum_data_transfer_pages": 32,
+  "nvme_composite_temperature_threshold": {
+    "warning": 100,
+    "critical": 110
+  },
+  "temperature": {
+    "op_limit_max": 100,
+    "critical_limit_max": 110,
+    "current": 61
+  },
+  "nvme_power_states": [
+    {
+      "non_operational_state": false,
+      "relative_read_latency": 0,
+      "relative_read_throughput": 0,
+      "relative_write_latency": 0,
+      "relative_write_throughput": 0,
+      "entry_latency_us": 230000,
+      "exit_latency_us": 50000,
+      "max_power": {
+        "value": 800,
+        "scale": 2,
+        "units_per_watt": 100
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "non_operational_state": false,
+      "relative_read_latency": 1,
+      "relative_read_throughput": 1,
+      "relative_write_latency": 1,
+      "relative_write_throughput": 1,
+      "entry_latency_us": 4000,
+      "exit_latency_us": 50000,
+      "max_power": {
+        "value": 400,
+        "scale": 2,
+        "units_per_watt": 100
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "non_operational_state": false,
+      "relative_read_latency": 2,
+      "relative_read_throughput": 2,
+      "relative_write_latency": 2,
+      "relative_write_throughput": 2,
+      "entry_latency_us": 4000,
+      "exit_latency_us": 250000,
+      "max_power": {
+        "value": 300,
+        "scale": 2,
+        "units_per_watt": 100
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "non_operational_state": true,
+      "relative_read_latency": 3,
+      "relative_read_throughput": 3,
+      "relative_write_latency": 3,
+      "relative_write_throughput": 3,
+      "entry_latency_us": 5000,
+      "exit_latency_us": 10000,
+      "max_power": {
+        "value": 300,
+        "scale": 1,
+        "units_per_watt": 10000
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "non_operational_state": true,
+      "relative_read_latency": 4,
+      "relative_read_throughput": 4,
+      "relative_write_latency": 4,
+      "relative_write_throughput": 4,
+      "entry_latency_us": 54000,
+      "exit_latency_us": 45000,
+      "max_power": {
+        "value": 50,
+        "scale": 1,
+        "units_per_watt": 10000
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "smart_status": {
+    "passed": true,
+    "nvme": {
+      "value": 0
+    }
+  },
+  "nvme_smart_health_information_log": {
+    "nsid": -1,
+    "critical_warning": 0,
+    "temperature": 61,
+    "available_spare": 100,
+    "available_spare_threshold": 32,
+    "percentage_used": 0,
+    "data_units_read": 6573104,
+    "data_units_written": 16040567,
+    "host_reads": 63241130,
+    "host_writes": 253050006,
+    "controller_busy_time": 0,
+    "power_cycles": 430,
+    "power_on_hours": 4399,
+    "unsafe_shutdowns": 44,
+    "media_errors": 0,
+    "num_err_log_entries": 0,
+    "warning_temp_time": 0,
+    "critical_comp_time": 0
+  },
+  "spare_available": {
+    "current_percent": 100,
+    "threshold_percent": 32
+  },
+  "endurance_used": {
+    "current_percent": 0
+  },
+  "power_cycle_count": 430,
+  "power_on_time": {
+    "hours": 4399
+  },
+  "nvme_error_information_log": {
+    "size": 8,
+    "read": 8,
+    "unread": 0
+  },
+  "nvme_self_test_log": {
+    "nsid": -1,
+    "current_self_test_operation": {
+      "value": 0,
+      "string": "No self-test in progress"
+    }
+  }
+}

agent/test-data/smart/scan.json

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+  "json_format_version": [
+    1,
+    0
+  ],
+  "smartctl": {
+    "version": [
+      7,
+      5
+    ],
+    "pre_release": false,
+    "svn_revision": "5714",
+    "platform_info": "x86_64-linux-6.17.1-2-cachyos",
+    "build_info": "(local build)",
+    "argv": [
+      "smartctl",
+      "--scan",
+      "-j"
+    ],
+    "exit_status": 0
+  },
+  "devices": [
+    {
+      "name": "/dev/sda",
+      "info_name": "/dev/sda [SAT]",
+      "type": "sat",
+      "protocol": "ATA"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "/dev/nvme0",
+      "info_name": "/dev/nvme0",
+      "type": "nvme",
+      "protocol": "NVMe"
+    }
+  ]
+}

agent/test-data/smart/scsi.json

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+{
+   "json_format_version": [
+      1,
+      0
+   ],
+   "smartctl": {
+      "version": [
+         7,
+         3
+      ],
+      "svn_revision": "5338",
+      "platform_info": "x86_64-linux-6.12.43+deb12-amd64",
+      "build_info": "(local build)",
+      "argv": [
+         "smartctl",
+         "-aj",
+         "/dev/sde"
+      ],
+      "exit_status": 0
+   },
+   "local_time": {
+      "time_t": 1761502142,
+      "asctime": "Sun Oct 21 21:09:02 2025 MSK"
+   },
+   "device": {
+      "name": "/dev/sde",
+      "info_name": "/dev/sde",
+      "type": "scsi",
+      "protocol": "SCSI"
+   },
+   "scsi_vendor": "YADRO",
+   "scsi_product": "WUH721414AL4204",
+   "scsi_model_name": "YADRO WUH721414AL4204",
+   "scsi_revision": "C240",
+   "scsi_version": "SPC-4",
+   "user_capacity": {
+      "blocks": 3418095616,
+      "bytes": 14000519643136
+   },
+   "logical_block_size": 4096,
+   "scsi_lb_provisioning": {
+      "name": "fully provisioned",
+      "value": 0,
+      "management_enabled": {
+         "name": "LBPME",
+         "value": 0
+      },
+      "read_zeros": {
+         "name": "LBPRZ",
+         "value": 0
+      }
+   },
+   "rotation_rate": 7200,
+   "form_factor": {
+      "scsi_value": 2,
+      "name": "3.5 inches"
+   },
+   "logical_unit_id": "0x5000cca29063dc00",
+   "serial_number": "9YHSDH9B",
+   "device_type": {
+      "scsi_terminology": "Peripheral Device Type [PDT]",
+      "scsi_value": 0,
+      "name": "disk"
+   },
+   "scsi_transport_protocol": {
+      "name": "SAS (SPL-4)",
+      "value": 6
+   },
+   "smart_support": {
+      "available": true,
+      "enabled": true
+   },
+   "temperature_warning": {
+      "enabled": true
+   },
+   "smart_status": {
+      "passed": true
+   },
+   "temperature": {
+      "current": 34,
+      "drive_trip": 85
+   },
+   "power_on_time": {
+      "hours": 458,
+      "minutes": 25
+   },
+   "scsi_start_stop_cycle_counter": {
+      "year_of_manufacture": "2022",
+      "week_of_manufacture": "41",
+      "specified_cycle_count_over_device_lifetime": 50000,
+      "accumulated_start_stop_cycles": 2,
+      "specified_load_unload_count_over_device_lifetime": 600000,
+      "accumulated_load_unload_cycles": 418
+   },
+   "scsi_grown_defect_list": 0,
+   "scsi_error_counter_log": {
+      "read": {
+         "errors_corrected_by_eccfast": 0,
+         "errors_corrected_by_eccdelayed": 0,
+         "errors_corrected_by_rereads_rewrites": 0,
+         "total_errors_corrected": 0,
+         "correction_algorithm_invocations": 346,
+         "gigabytes_processed": "3,641",
+         "total_uncorrected_errors": 0
+      },
+      "write": {
+         "errors_corrected_by_eccfast": 0,
+         "errors_corrected_by_eccdelayed": 0,
+         "errors_corrected_by_rereads_rewrites": 0,
+         "total_errors_corrected": 0,
+         "correction_algorithm_invocations": 4052,
+         "gigabytes_processed": "2124,590",
+         "total_uncorrected_errors": 0
+      },
+      "verify": {
+         "errors_corrected_by_eccfast": 0,
+         "errors_corrected_by_eccdelayed": 0,
+         "errors_corrected_by_rereads_rewrites": 0,
+         "total_errors_corrected": 0,
+         "correction_algorithm_invocations": 223,
+         "gigabytes_processed": "0,000",
+         "total_uncorrected_errors": 0
+      }
+   }
+}

agent/test-data/system_info.json

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+  "ID": "7TRN:IPZB:QYBB:VPBQ:UMPP:KARE:6ZNR:XE6T:7EWV:PKF4:ZOJD:TPYS",
+  "Containers": 14,
+  "ContainersRunning": 3,
+  "ContainersPaused": 1,
+  "ContainersStopped": 10,
+  "Images": 508,
+  "Driver": "overlay2",
+  "KernelVersion": "6.8.0-31-generic",
+  "OperatingSystem": "Ubuntu 24.04 LTS",
+  "OSVersion": "24.04",
+  "OSType": "linux",
+  "Architecture": "x86_64",
+  "NCPU": 4,
+  "MemTotal": 2095882240,
+  "ServerVersion": "27.0.1"
+}

agent/tools/fetchsmartctl/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"crypto/sha1"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"hash"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Download smartctl.exe from the given URL and save it to the given destination.
+// This is used to embed smartctl.exe in the Windows build.
+
+func main() {
+	url := flag.String("url", "", "URL to download smartctl.exe from (required)")
+	out := flag.String("out", "", "Destination path for smartctl.exe (required)")
+	sha := flag.String("sha", "", "Optional SHA1/SHA256 checksum for integrity validation")
+	force := flag.Bool("force", false, "Force re-download even if destination exists")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	if *url == "" || *out == "" {
+		fatalf("-url and -out are required")
+	}
+
+	if !*force {
+		if info, err := os.Stat(*out); err == nil && info.Size() > 0 {
+			fmt.Println("smartctl.exe already present, skipping download")
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := downloadFile(*url, *out, *sha); err != nil {
+		fatalf("download failed: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func downloadFile(url, dest, shaHex string) error {
+	// Prepare destination
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(dest), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create dir: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// HTTP client
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 60 * time.Second}
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("new request: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "beszel-fetchsmartctl/1.0")
+
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("http get: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected HTTP status: %s", resp.Status)
+	}
+
+	tmp := dest + ".tmp"
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(tmp, os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY, 0o644)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("open tmp: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Determine hash algorithm based on length (SHA1=40, SHA256=64)
+	var hasher hash.Hash
+	if shaHex := strings.TrimSpace(shaHex); shaHex != "" {
+		cleanSha := strings.ToLower(strings.ReplaceAll(shaHex, " ", ""))
+		switch len(cleanSha) {
+		case 40:
+			hasher = sha1.New()
+		case 64:
+			hasher = sha256.New()
+		default:
+			f.Close()
+			os.Remove(tmp)
+			return fmt.Errorf("unsupported hash length: %d (expected 40 for SHA1 or 64 for SHA256)", len(cleanSha))
+		}
+	}
+
+	var mw io.Writer = f
+	if hasher != nil {
+		mw = io.MultiWriter(f, hasher)
+	}
+	if _, err := io.Copy(mw, resp.Body); err != nil {
+		f.Close()
+		os.Remove(tmp)
+		return fmt.Errorf("write tmp: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
+		os.Remove(tmp)
+		return fmt.Errorf("close tmp: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if hasher != nil && shaHex != "" {
+		cleanSha := strings.ToLower(strings.ReplaceAll(strings.TrimSpace(shaHex), " ", ""))
+		got := strings.ToLower(hex.EncodeToString(hasher.Sum(nil)))
+		if got != cleanSha {
+			os.Remove(tmp)
+			return fmt.Errorf("hash mismatch: got %s want %s", got, cleanSha)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Make executable and move into place
+	if err := os.Chmod(tmp, 0o755); err != nil {
+		os.Remove(tmp)
+		return fmt.Errorf("chmod: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Rename(tmp, dest); err != nil {
+		os.Remove(tmp)
+		return fmt.Errorf("rename: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("smartctl.exe downloaded to", dest)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func fatalf(format string, a ...any) {
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, format+"\n", a...)
+	os.Exit(1)
+}

agent/update.go

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 package agent
 
 import (
-	"beszel/internal/ghupdate"
-	"fmt"
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
-	"strings"
+	"runtime"
+
+	"github.com/henrygd/beszel/internal/ghupdate"
 )
 
 // restarter knows how to restart the beszel-agent service.
@@ -28,21 +28,32 @@ func (s *systemdRestarter) Restart() error {
 type openRCRestarter struct{ cmd string }
 
 func (o *openRCRestarter) Restart() error {
-	if err := exec.Command(o.cmd, "status", "beszel-agent").Run(); err != nil {
+	if err := exec.Command(o.cmd, "beszel-agent", "status").Run(); err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 	ghupdate.ColorPrint(ghupdate.ColorYellow, "Restarting beszel-agent via OpenRC…")
-	return exec.Command(o.cmd, "restart", "beszel-agent").Run()
+	return exec.Command(o.cmd, "beszel-agent", "restart").Run()
 }
 
 type openWRTRestarter struct{ cmd string }
 
 func (w *openWRTRestarter) Restart() error {
-	if err := exec.Command(w.cmd, "running", "beszel-agent").Run(); err != nil {
+	// https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-user/base-system/managing_services?s[]=service
+	if err := exec.Command("/etc/init.d/beszel-agent", "running").Run(); err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 	ghupdate.ColorPrint(ghupdate.ColorYellow, "Restarting beszel-agent via procd…")
-	return exec.Command(w.cmd, "restart", "beszel-agent").Run()
+	return exec.Command("/etc/init.d/beszel-agent", "restart").Run()
+}
+
+type freeBSDRestarter struct{ cmd string }
+
+func (f *freeBSDRestarter) Restart() error {
+	if err := exec.Command(f.cmd, "beszel-agent", "status").Run(); err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	ghupdate.ColorPrint(ghupdate.ColorYellow, "Restarting beszel-agent via FreeBSD rc…")
+	return exec.Command(f.cmd, "beszel-agent", "restart").Run()
 }
 
 func detectRestarter() restarter {
@@ -52,9 +63,14 @@ func detectRestarter() restarter {
 	if path, err := exec.LookPath("rc-service"); err == nil {
 		return &openRCRestarter{cmd: path}
 	}
-	if path, err := exec.LookPath("service"); err == nil {
+	if path, err := exec.LookPath("procd"); err == nil {
 		return &openWRTRestarter{cmd: path}
 	}
+	if path, err := exec.LookPath("service"); err == nil {
+		if runtime.GOOS == "freebsd" {
+			return &freeBSDRestarter{cmd: path}
+		}
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -63,7 +79,7 @@ func detectRestarter() restarter {
 func Update(useMirror bool) error {
 	exePath, _ := os.Executable()
 
-	dataDir, err := getDataDir()
+	dataDir, err := GetDataDir()
 	if err != nil {
 		dataDir = os.TempDir()
 	}
@@ -90,12 +106,12 @@ func Update(useMirror bool) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	// 6) Fix SELinux context if necessary
+	// Fix SELinux context if necessary
-	if err := handleSELinuxContext(exePath); err != nil {
+	if err := ghupdate.HandleSELinuxContext(exePath); err != nil {
 		ghupdate.ColorPrintf(ghupdate.ColorYellow, "Warning: SELinux context handling: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	// 7) Restart service if running under a recognised init system
+	// Restart service if running under a recognised init system
 	if r := detectRestarter(); r != nil {
 		if err := r.Restart(); err != nil {
 			ghupdate.ColorPrintf(ghupdate.ColorYellow, "Warning: failed to restart service: %v", err)
@@ -109,42 +125,3 @@ func Update(useMirror bool) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
-
-// handleSELinuxContext restores or applies the correct SELinux label to the binary.
-func handleSELinuxContext(path string) error {
-	out, err := exec.Command("getenforce").Output()
-	if err != nil {
-		// SELinux not enabled or getenforce not available
-		return nil
-	}
-	state := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
-	if state == "Disabled" {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	ghupdate.ColorPrint(ghupdate.ColorYellow, "SELinux is enabled; applying context…")
-	var errs []string
-
-	// Try persistent context via semanage+restorecon
-	if semanagePath, err := exec.LookPath("semanage"); err == nil {
-		if err := exec.Command(semanagePath, "fcontext", "-a", "-t", "bin_t", path).Run(); err != nil {
-			errs = append(errs, "semanage fcontext failed: "+err.Error())
-		} else if restoreconPath, err := exec.LookPath("restorecon"); err == nil {
-			if err := exec.Command(restoreconPath, "-v", path).Run(); err != nil {
-				errs = append(errs, "restorecon failed: "+err.Error())
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Fallback to temporary context via chcon
-	if chconPath, err := exec.LookPath("chcon"); err == nil {
-		if err := exec.Command(chconPath, "-t", "bin_t", path).Run(); err != nil {
-			errs = append(errs, "chcon failed: "+err.Error())
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(errs) > 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("SELinux context errors: %s", strings.Join(errs, "; "))
-	}
-	return nil
-}

agent/utils/utils.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package utils
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// GetEnv retrieves an environment variable with a "BESZEL_AGENT_" prefix, or falls back to the unprefixed key.
+func GetEnv(key string) (value string, exists bool) {
+	if value, exists = os.LookupEnv("BESZEL_AGENT_" + key); exists {
+		return value, exists
+	}
+	return os.LookupEnv(key)
+}
+
+// BytesToMegabytes converts bytes to megabytes and rounds to two decimal places.
+func BytesToMegabytes(b float64) float64 {
+	return TwoDecimals(b / 1048576)
+}
+
+// BytesToGigabytes converts bytes to gigabytes and rounds to two decimal places.
+func BytesToGigabytes(b uint64) float64 {
+	return TwoDecimals(float64(b) / 1073741824)
+}
+
+// TwoDecimals rounds a float64 value to two decimal places.
+func TwoDecimals(value float64) float64 {
+	return math.Round(value*100) / 100
+}
+
+// func RoundFloat(val float64, precision uint) float64 {
+//     ratio := math.Pow(10, float64(precision))
+//     return math.Round(val*ratio) / ratio
+// }
+
+// ReadStringFile returns trimmed file contents or empty string on error.
+func ReadStringFile(path string) string {
+	content, _ := ReadStringFileOK(path)
+	return content
+}
+
+// ReadStringFileOK returns trimmed file contents and read success.
+func ReadStringFileOK(path string) (string, bool) {
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(string(b)), true
+}
+
+// FileExists reports whether the given path exists.
+func FileExists(path string) bool {
+	_, err := os.Stat(path)
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+// ReadUintFile parses a decimal uint64 value from a file.
+func ReadUintFile(path string) (uint64, bool) {
+	raw, ok := ReadStringFileOK(path)
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	parsed, err := strconv.ParseUint(raw, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	return parsed, true
+}

agent/utils/utils_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+package utils
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestTwoDecimals(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    float64
+		expected float64
+	}{
+		{"round down", 1.234, 1.23},
+		{"round half up", 1.235, 1.24}, // math.Round rounds half up
+		{"no rounding needed", 1.23, 1.23},
+		{"negative number", -1.235, -1.24}, // math.Round rounds half up (more negative)
+		{"zero", 0.0, 0.0},
+		{"large number", 123.456, 123.46}, // rounds 5 up
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := TwoDecimals(tt.input)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBytesToMegabytes(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    float64
+		expected float64
+	}{
+		{"1 MB", 1048576, 1.0},
+		{"512 KB", 524288, 0.5},
+		{"zero", 0, 0},
+		{"large value", 1073741824, 1024}, // 1 GB = 1024 MB
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := BytesToMegabytes(tt.input)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBytesToGigabytes(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    uint64
+		expected float64
+	}{
+		{"1 GB", 1073741824, 1.0},
+		{"512 MB", 536870912, 0.5},
+		{"0 GB", 0, 0},
+		{"2 GB", 2147483648, 2.0},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := BytesToGigabytes(tt.input)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFileFunctions(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	testFilePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "test.txt")
+	testContent := "hello world"
+
+	// Test FileExists (false)
+	assert.False(t, FileExists(testFilePath))
+
+	// Test ReadStringFileOK (false)
+	content, ok := ReadStringFileOK(testFilePath)
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+	assert.Empty(t, content)
+
+	// Test ReadStringFile (empty)
+	assert.Empty(t, ReadStringFile(testFilePath))
+
+	// Write file
+	err := os.WriteFile(testFilePath, []byte(testContent+"\n "), 0644)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Test FileExists (true)
+	assert.True(t, FileExists(testFilePath))
+
+	// Test ReadStringFileOK (true)
+	content, ok = ReadStringFileOK(testFilePath)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, testContent, content)
+
+	// Test ReadStringFile (content)
+	assert.Equal(t, testContent, ReadStringFile(testFilePath))
+}
+
+func TestReadUintFile(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	t.Run("valid uint", func(t *testing.T) {
+		path := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "uint.txt")
+		os.WriteFile(path, []byte(" 12345\n"), 0644)
+		val, ok := ReadUintFile(path)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint64(12345), val)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("invalid uint", func(t *testing.T) {
+		path := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "invalid.txt")
+		os.WriteFile(path, []byte("abc"), 0644)
+		val, ok := ReadUintFile(path)
+		assert.False(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint64(0), val)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing file", func(t *testing.T) {
+		path := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "missing.txt")
+		val, ok := ReadUintFile(path)
+		assert.False(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint64(0), val)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestGetEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	key := "TEST_VAR"
+	prefixedKey := "BESZEL_AGENT_" + key
+
+	t.Run("prefixed variable exists", func(t *testing.T) {
+		os.Setenv(prefixedKey, "prefixed_val")
+		os.Setenv(key, "unprefixed_val")
+		defer os.Unsetenv(prefixedKey)
+		defer os.Unsetenv(key)
+
+		val, exists := GetEnv(key)
+		assert.True(t, exists)
+		assert.Equal(t, "prefixed_val", val)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("only unprefixed variable exists", func(t *testing.T) {
+		os.Unsetenv(prefixedKey)
+		os.Setenv(key, "unprefixed_val")
+		defer os.Unsetenv(key)
+
+		val, exists := GetEnv(key)
+		assert.True(t, exists)
+		assert.Equal(t, "unprefixed_val", val)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("neither variable exists", func(t *testing.T) {
+		os.Unsetenv(prefixedKey)
+		os.Unsetenv(key)
+
+		val, exists := GetEnv(key)
+		assert.False(t, exists)
+		assert.Empty(t, val)
+	})
+}

agent/zfs/zfs_freebsd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//go:build freebsd
+
+package zfs
+
+import (
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+func ARCSize() (uint64, error) {
+	return unix.SysctlUint64("kstat.zfs.misc.arcstats.size")
+}

agent/zfs/zfs_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+// Package zfs provides functions to read ZFS statistics.
+package zfs
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func ARCSize() (uint64, error) {
+	file, err := os.Open("/proc/spl/kstat/zfs/arcstats")
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := scanner.Text()
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "size") {
+			fields := strings.Fields(line)
+			if len(fields) < 3 {
+				return 0, fmt.Errorf("unexpected arcstats size format: %s", line)
+			}
+			return strconv.ParseUint(fields[2], 10, 64)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0, fmt.Errorf("size field not found in arcstats")
+}

agent/zfs/zfs_unsupported.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build !linux && !freebsd
+
+package zfs
+
+import "errors"
+
+func ARCSize() (uint64, error) {
+	return 0, errors.ErrUnsupported
+}

beszel.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Package beszel provides core application constants and version information
+// which are used throughout the application.
+package beszel
+
+import "github.com/blang/semver"
+
+const (
+	// Version is the current version of the application.
+	Version = "0.18.4"
+	// AppName is the name of the application.
+	AppName = "beszel"
+)
+
+// MinVersionCbor is the minimum supported version for CBOR compatibility.
+var MinVersionCbor = semver.MustParse("0.12.0")
+
+// MinVersionAgentResponse is the minimum supported version for AgentResponse compatibility.
+var MinVersionAgentResponse = semver.MustParse("0.13.0")

beszel/Makefile

@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-# Default OS/ARCH values
-OS ?= $(shell go env GOOS)
-ARCH ?= $(shell go env GOARCH)
-# Skip building the web UI if true
-SKIP_WEB ?= false
-
-# Set executable extension based on target OS
-EXE_EXT := $(if $(filter windows,$(OS)),.exe,)
-
-.PHONY: tidy build-agent build-hub build-hub-dev build clean lint dev-server dev-agent dev-hub dev generate-locales
-.DEFAULT_GOAL := build
-
-clean:
-	go clean
-	rm -rf ./build
-
-lint:
-	golangci-lint run
-
-test: export GOEXPERIMENT=synctest
-test:
-	go test -tags=testing ./...
-
-tidy:
-	go mod tidy
-
-build-web-ui:
-	@if command -v bun >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
-		bun install --cwd ./site && \
-		bun run --cwd ./site build; \
-	else \
-		npm install --prefix ./site && \
-		npm run --prefix ./site build; \
-	fi
-
-# Conditional .NET build - only for Windows
-build-dotnet-conditional:
-	@if [ "$(OS)" = "windows" ]; then \
-		echo "Building .NET executable for Windows..."; \
-		if command -v dotnet >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
-			rm -rf ./internal/agent/lhm/bin; \
-			dotnet build -c Release ./internal/agent/lhm/beszel_lhm.csproj; \
-		else \
-			echo "Error: dotnet not found. Install .NET SDK to build Windows agent."; \
-			exit 1; \
-		fi; \
-	fi
-
-# Update build-agent to include conditional .NET build
-build-agent: tidy build-dotnet-conditional
-	GOOS=$(OS) GOARCH=$(ARCH) go build -o ./build/beszel-agent_$(OS)_$(ARCH)$(EXE_EXT) -ldflags "-w -s" beszel/cmd/agent
-
-build-hub: tidy $(if $(filter false,$(SKIP_WEB)),build-web-ui)
-	GOOS=$(OS) GOARCH=$(ARCH) go build -o ./build/beszel_$(OS)_$(ARCH)$(EXE_EXT) -ldflags "-w -s" beszel/cmd/hub
-
-build-hub-dev: tidy
-	mkdir -p ./site/dist && touch ./site/dist/index.html
-	GOOS=$(OS) GOARCH=$(ARCH) go build -tags development -o ./build/beszel-dev_$(OS)_$(ARCH)$(EXE_EXT) -ldflags "-w -s" beszel/cmd/hub
-
-build: build-agent build-hub
-
-generate-locales:
-	@if [ ! -f ./site/src/locales/en/en.ts ]; then \
-		echo "Generating locales..."; \
-		command -v bun >/dev/null 2>&1 && cd ./site && bun install && bun run sync || cd ./site && npm install && npm run sync; \
-	fi
-
-dev-server: generate-locales
-	cd ./site
-	@if command -v bun >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
-		cd ./site && bun run dev --host 0.0.0.0; \
-	else \
-		cd ./site && npm run dev --host 0.0.0.0; \
-	fi
-
-dev-hub: export ENV=dev
-dev-hub:
-	mkdir -p ./site/dist && touch ./site/dist/index.html
-	@if command -v entr >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
-		find ./cmd/hub/*.go ./internal/{alerts,hub,records,users}/*.go | entr -r -s "cd ./cmd/hub && go run -tags development . serve --http 0.0.0.0:8090"; \
-	else \
-		cd ./cmd/hub && go run -tags development . serve --http 0.0.0.0:8090; \
-	fi
-
-dev-agent:
-	@if command -v entr >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
-		find ./cmd/agent/*.go ./internal/agent/*.go | entr -r go run beszel/cmd/agent; \
-	else \
-		go run beszel/cmd/agent; \
-	fi
-	
-build-dotnet:
-	@if command -v dotnet >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
-		rm -rf ./internal/agent/lhm/bin; \
-		dotnet build -c Release ./internal/agent/lhm/beszel_lhm.csproj; \
-	else \
-		echo "dotnet not found"; \
-	fi
-
-
-# KEY="..." make -j dev
-dev: dev-server dev-hub dev-agent